非謂語和謂語練習(xí)

1、一、區(qū)分謂語和非謂語謂語 謂語(predicate) 或謂語動詞(predicate verb)的位置一般在主語之后，說明主語“是什 么”或者“做什么”，或表明主語的狀態(tài)。謂語由簡單動詞或動詞短語(助動詞或情態(tài)動詞+主要 動詞)構(gòu)成。(謂語必修注意時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致)1 簡單謂語(1) . What happe ned發(fā)生了什么事(2) . He worked hard all day today.他今天苦干了一天。(3) . T he plane took off at ten o ' clock. 飛機是十點起飛的。2. 復(fù)合謂語可分為兩種情況：第一種是由情態(tài)動詞，助動詞+不帶t

2、o的動詞不定式構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂語：What does this word meanI won ' t do it again.I ' II go and move away the bag of rice with Lin Tao.You' d better catch a bus.第二種是由連系動詞+表語構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂語。例如：You look the same.We are all here.The weather gets warmer, and the days get Ion ger.Keep quite and liste n to me.He looked wo

3、rried.We have to be up early in the morni ng.Note: 一個英語句子就有一套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)；如果是從句，則至少有兩套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，每套要求主語 和謂語在時態(tài)和人稱上要一致。祈使句無主語。非謂語動詞在句中充當除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞分為三種形式：to do,doing 和 done.非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)1IIr- 111111:一般式1完成式進行式不定式 ；I11IliiiiI1111II 三 B L B1 ing 形! 式1|1!l1廠、 、nr1；王動i to doito have done；to be doing:被動;

4、1!1111to be done :11to have bee n doneii11I1111I11i1i11主動;1 IIdoi ng；hav ing done；i iii i11:被動:11bei ng done :1Ihav ing bee n done ；111ni1iii_I:過去分:被動:1!111ir1done!1I11Jr 1iiiniiiiiiq1I1、判定是否用非謂語形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了謂語動詞了2、找非謂語動詞的邏輯主語。方法：非謂語動詞的邏輯主語一般是句子的主語。3、判斷主被動關(guān)系。方法：非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語的主動還是被動關(guān)系。4、判斷時間關(guān)系。方法：分析

5、句子，看看非謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前、之 后還是同時。找出下列句中的動詞非謂語，并注意他們在句子中充當?shù)某煞?。To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.To lose your heart mea ns failure.Her job is to clea n the hall.Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.He found a good house to live in.The child has nothing to worry about.

6、He worked day and ni ght to get the mon ey.She sold her hair to buy the watch cha in.Read ing is importa nt in lear ning En glish.Look ing after the patie nt is a nu rse's job.He slept in the sleep ing bag.Heari ng their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talk ing at on ce.(= On heari ng th

7、eirteacher's voice =Whe n they heard their teacher's voice, the pupilsDon't be careless whe n /while hav ing an exam. = Don't be careless in hav ing an exam.=Don't be careless whe n / while you are hav ing an exam.Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem, he aske

8、d the teacher for help. =Because he didn ' t know how to Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.=,which caused the delay. He is a promis ing young man.Make less noise. There ' s a sleepingchild.The young man sittingbetween John and Mary is the editor of the campus news

9、paper. =The young man who sits betwee n is the Those wishing to join this club should sign here.(=Those who wish to join the clubshould sig n here.)The book is interesting and I'm interested in it.The con cert give n by their frie nds was a success.Written in a hurry, this article was not so goo

10、d!Give n ano ther hour, I can also work out this problem.Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.Grow n in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.【注意】狀語從句改成過去分詞作狀語時有時還可保留連詞，構(gòu)成"連詞+過去分詞"結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語.When give n a medical exam in ati on, you should keep calm.The murderer was

11、 brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.I .先對比，再做題。1. Gen tleme n always shake hands whe n they are in troduced to each other.2. Gen tleme n always shake hands whe n in troduced to each other.3. While we were walk ing in the street, we met some friends of ours.4 While walking in the street,

12、 we met some friends of ours.5. The old man walked slowly. He was supported by his little grandson.6 Supported by his little grandson, the old man walked slowly.7 . The ground which is covered with white snow looks very beautiful.8 The ground covered with white snow looks very beautiful.9. There is

13、a tall tree which covers the entrance to the cave.10 There is a tall tree coveri ng the entrance to the cave.11. The worker wrote to the police and (disclose) who(steal) themon ey.12 The worker wrote to the police, (disclose) who(steal) themon ey.13. Look round whe n you(cross) the street.14 Look ro

14、und when (cross) the street.15. When she(hear) the news, she burst into laughter.16(hear) the n ews, she burst into laughter.II.完成句子(非謂語)。1 Around the end of the first cen tury, a Roma n writer(call) Pli ny wrote about aterrible volca nic eruptio n .2 One person,(sit) alon e, looks like he is prayin

15、g.3 Anne was brought in(help) Hele n.4Her first goal was(stop) Helen' s troublesome behaviour.5 Hele n would have to lear n to un dersta nd words(spell) on her hand.6 The word“think ” was such a difficult one for Helen but she had a breakthrough while(work) on a simple task.7 He makes an attempt

16、(eat) it, but it is clear from the look on his face that hefinds the taste truly(disgust).8 He smiles and no ds,(in dicate) everythi ng is fine.9 When he looks at the menu, an(ast oni sh) look swiftly appears on his face.10 Un certa in about how to fix them, she stopped(th in k).III 用動詞的適當形式填空(含謂語非謂

17、語)1. During the summer holiday of 2005, I (think) I should do somethingmeanin gful in stead of(stay) at home and(watch) TV.2. I got a job at a KFC fast food restaura nt and(work) there as a clea ner.3. After all, I(stick) to it with my determ in ati on at that time.4. No one can avoid(in flue nee) b

18、y advertiseme nts.5. Radio, television and computers have made it possible foradvertisements(attract) the atte nti on of milli ons of people.6. Meanwhile,(make) an advertisement, a lot of people will have to worktogether.7. In a word,(advertise) is an importa nt bus in ess.8. About fifty American st

19、udents will come(visit) our school on October 22nd.9. We must(talk) with them in English.10. Please(be) frie ndly and courteous to them.11.1 have received your letter andI ' m glad(give) you some suggestions.12. Fist of all, don' t be(disappoint).13. Ma ny stude nts find it difficult(write)

20、well.14.ln my opinion, if you want(improve) your writ ing, you should do the(follow) thi ngs.15.Then you ' ll be able(use) them correctly yourself.16.So, i n order(write) well, you must lear n(read) a lot.17. Fin ally, you' d better(recite) some good passages.18.1 ' m sure you can improv

21、e your(write) English.19.1 (study) En glish for six years.20.1 am good at both(operate) a PC and En glish.21.1 can read, write,(liste n) to and speak En glish.22.1 ' m(interest) in the position of a secretary.23.1 want very much(accept) by your compa ny.24.55% of the stude nts th ink they should

22、 take exercise every day, such as(do)morning exercises(play) pin g-p ong and basketball.25.45% believe(take) exercise is a waste of time and it is(tire).26.After(have) sports, they are much too(excite) for a long timeto pay atte nti on to their less ons.27.I t' s possible(get) hurt in sports.28.

23、 (see) from the hill, our school looks very beautiful.29. The book,(write) in 1975, is still popular now.IV、改寫下列句子，其劃線部分改為分詞短語1. As she was still rather weak, she could not stay up for too long.2. Gen tleme n always shake hands when they are in troduced to each other.3. A cold rain was falli ng. It

24、was mixed with snow.4. While we were walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.5. The old man walked slowly. He was supported by his little grandson.6. The ground which is covered with white snow looks very beautiful.7. There is a tall tree which covers the entrance to the cave.8. The worke

25、r wrote to the police and disclosed who stole the money.9. Look round when you cross the street.10. When she heard the news, she burst into laughter.V. 課本再現(xiàn)1 Jody Williams helped found an intern ati onal campaig n(stop) the making oflandmine.2 As a young girl, she always wan ted(study) ani mals.3 Sh

26、e worked hard(make) as many coun tries as possible not to use them.4. (Watch) a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.5 This means(go) back to the place where weleft the family (sleep)in a tree the ni ght before.6 She spent years (observe) and(record) their daily activities.7 Whe

27、nshe first (arrive) in Gomben 1960, it was unusual for a woman(live) in the forest.8 This specialstra in of rice makes it possible( produce)on e-third moreof the crop in the same fields.9 (bear 出生)in 1930, Dr Yuan (graduate) from SouthwestAgricultural College in 1953. Since the n,(find) ways to grow

28、 more rice hasbee n his life goal.10 At that time , hun ger wasa(disturb) problem in many parts of the coun tryside.Dr Yua n searched for a way( in crease) rice harvests without(expa nd) the area of the fields.11 (Use) his hybrid rice , farmers are producing harvests twice as large asbefore.12 Dr Yu

29、a n is quite( satisfy) with his life. However, he does n't care about( famous).13 He enjoys (listen) to violin music, (play)mah-jong,(swim) and readi ng.(Spe nd) money on himself or leadi ng a comfortable life also means very little to him.14 He made people laugh at a time whe n they felt(depres

30、s), so they could(feel) more content with their lives.15 You may find it(ast oni sh) that Charlie was taught to sing as soon ashe could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.16 Unfortunatelyhis father died, (leave) the family even worse off, so Charliespe nt his childhood(look) after his sick mot

31、her and his brother.VI. 練習(xí)再現(xiàn)1. A greeting card is usually _1_ (design) either to be beautiful or meaningful or funny.2. Some people would like to buy a greeting card while others prefer _5_ (make) a cardby themselves .3. .Whatever he is called , he is still the sameshort, fat, jolly old manwith a lo

32、ng beard, _29_ (wear) a red suit with white fur.4. That was defi nitely not an attractive idea so I politely decli ned her in vitati on,_10_ (close) my book and walked away.5. If we keep on _33_ (try), we shall be sure to conquer and overcome every difficultywe meet with.6. The earth is not the only

33、 body that _26_ (travel around the sun.7. Every year , the company my wife works for _1_(host) a Christmas dinner party at a local restaura nt.8. What used to be an enjo yable meal with someemployees has becomea large , drunken eve nt_2(last) late into the night.9. So, they have no trouble _33(live)

34、 in the dark ness.10. Actually, it was the first time that he(take) a train.11. Seeing this, the old man(sit) n ext to him was curious about what hedid.12. One of the simplest ways to be humorous is(lear n) some good jokes.13. People(say) to have a sense of humor whe n they joke around a lot .14. Af

35、ter(take) out part of the coin s, I tha nked him and promised that Iwould use them wisely.15. I didn ' t understand what he(mean), so he explained it to me.16. Keeping a diary shouldn' t become a(tire) job.I , had stolen,12 disclosing, had stolen13 cross14 crossing15 heard16 hearingII. 1 called 2 sitting 3 to help 4 to stop 5 spelt 6 working 7 to eat, disgusting8 indicating 9 astonished 10 to thinkIII 1 thought ,staying ,watching2 worked 3 stuck 4 being influenced 5 to attract6 to make 7 advertising 8 to visit 9 talk 10 be 11 to give 12