英語四級(jí)閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)及答案翻譯

1、英語四級(jí)閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)及答案翻譯英語四級(jí)閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)一：Uponreachinganappropriateageusuallybetween18and21years,childrenareencouraged,butnotforced,touleavethenestMandbeginanindependentlife.Afterchildrenleavehometheyoftenfindsocialrelationshipandfinancialsupportoutsidethefamily.Parentsdonotarrangemarriagesfortheirchildren,nor

2、dochildrenusuallyaskpermissionoftheirparentstogetmarried,RomanticloveismostoftenthebasisformarriageintheUnitedStates;youngadultsmeettheirfuturespouses配偶throughotherfriends,atjobs,andinorganizationsandreligiousinstitutions,Althoughchildrenchoosetheirownspouses,theystillhopetheirparentswillapproveofth

3、eirchoices.來源：Inmanyfamilies,parentsfeelthatchildrenshouldmakemajorlifedecisionsbythemselves.Aparentmaytrytoinfluenceachildtofollowaparticularprofessionbutthechildisfreetochooseanothercareer.Sometimeschildrendopreciselytheoppositeofwhattheirparentswishinordertoasserttheirindependence.Asonmaydelibera

4、telydecidenottogointohisfathersbusinessbecauseofafearthathewilllosehisautonomyinhisfather*sworkplace.Thisindependencefromparentsisnotanindicationthatparentsandchildrendonotloveeachother.StronglovebetweenparentsandchildrenisuniversalandthisisnoexceptionintheAmericanfamilyCoexistingwithsuchloveintheAm

5、ericanfamilyareculturalvaluesofself-relianceandindependence.1. Thewriterdiscussesthemarriageofyoungadultsinordertoshowwhichofthefollowing?ATheyenjoythefreedomofchoosingtheirspouses.BTheywanttowinthepermissionoftheirparents.CTheyhaveastrongdesiretobecomeindependent.DTheywanttochallengetheauthorityoft

6、heirparents.2. MostyoungadultsintheU.S.getmarriedforthesakeof.AloveBfinancialconcernCtheirparentsDfamilybackground3. Basedonthepassage,itcanbeassumedthat.AAmericanyoungadultsarelikelytofollowthesuitoftheirparentsBmostAmericanpeoplenevermakemajordecisionsfortheirchildrenCAmericanyoungadultspossesscul

7、turalvaluesofindependenceDonceayoungpersonstepsintohistwenties,hewillleavehishomepermanently4. Asonisunwillingtoworkinhisfather*sbusinessmainlybecauseAhewishestomakefulluseofwhathehaslearntinschoolBhewantstoprovehisindependenceChewishestodotheoppositeofwhathisparentsapproveofDhewantstoshowhislovefor

8、hisparents5. ThesubjectmatterofthisselectionisAfamilyvaluesBmarriagearrangementsCthepursuitofacareerDdecisionmaking答案：CACBA子女一旦到適當(dāng)年齡通常是18至21歲，要鼓勵(lì)而不是強(qiáng)迫他們“離開窩的，財(cái)政的巢”，開始獨(dú)立生活。小孩離開家后，往往在外能夠與人交往，并自謀出路。父母不為子女安排婚姻，子女結(jié)婚也通常無需獲得父母同意。在美國，浪漫的愛情往往是婚姻的基礎(chǔ),青年人通過朋友在學(xué)校、單位、組織以及宗教團(tuán)體認(rèn)識(shí)自己的，愛情的未來的伴侶。盡管子女自己擇偶，他們?nèi)匀幌Ｍ改改苷J(rèn)同他們的

9、選擇。許多家庭的父母認(rèn)為，應(yīng)由子女自己來做他們生活中的重大決定。家長(zhǎng)可能會(huì)設(shè)法影響子女去從事某一職業(yè)，但子女也有選擇其它職業(yè)的自由。有時(shí)為了證實(shí)自己的獨(dú)立性，子女從事的工作正好與父母希望的相反。兒子可能執(zhí)意不去父親的企業(yè)工作，因?yàn)閾?dān)心在那里就不能獨(dú)立自主。這種不依靠父母的獨(dú)立性并不意味著父母與子女之間缺乏愛心。父母和子女之間普遍都有摯愛，美國家庭也亳不例外。只不過在美國家庭之中，還融合了白主、獨(dú)立的文化價(jià)值觀念。英語四級(jí)閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)二：BaekelandandHartmannreportthattheushortsleepersMhadbeenmoreorlessaverageinthei

10、rsleepneedsuntilthemenwereintheirteens.Butataboutage15orso,themenvoluntarilybegancuttingdowntheirnightlysleeptimebecauseofpressuresfromschool,work,andotheractivities.Thesementendedtoviewtheirnightlyperiodsofunconsciousnessasbothersomeinterruptionsintheirdailyroutines.Ingeneral,theseushortsleepsvappe

11、aredambitious,active,energetic,cheerful,conformist不動(dòng)搖intheiropinions,andverysureabouttheircareerchoices.Theyoftenheldseveraljobsatonce,orworkersfull-orpart-timewhilegoingtoschool.AndmanyofthemhadastrongurgetoappearunormalvoruacceptableMtotheirfriendsandassociates.Whenaskedtorecalltheirdreams,theusho

12、rtsleepersMdidpoorly.Morethanthis,theyseemedtoprefernotremembering.Insimilarfashion,theirusualwayofdealingwithpsychologicalproblemswastodenythattheproblemexisted,andthentokeepbusyinthehopethatthetroublewouldgoaway.ThesleeppatternsoftheushortsleepersMweresimilarto,butlessextremethan,sleeppatternsshow

13、nbymanymentalpatientscategorizedasmanic瘋?cè)?TheulongsleepersMwerequitedifferentindeed.BaekelandandHartmannreportthattheseyoungmenhadbeenlengthysleepssincechildhood.Theyseemedtoenjoytheirsleep,protectedit,andwerequiteconcernedwhentheywereoccasionallydeprivedoftheirdesired9hoursofnightlybedrest.Theytend

14、edtorecalltheirdreamsmuchbetterthandidtheushortsleepers.”Manyoftheulongsleeperswereshy,anxious,introverted內(nèi)向，inhibited壓抑，passive,mildlydepressed,andunsureofthemselvesparticularlyinsocialsituations.Severalopenlystatesthatsleepwasanescapefromtheirdailyproblems.1. Accordingtothereport,.Amanyshortsleepe

15、rsneedlesssleepbynatureBmanyshortsleepersareobligedtoreducetheirnightlysleeptimebecausetheyarebusywiththeirworkClongsleeperssleepalongerperiodoftimeduringthedayDmanylongsleeperspreservetheirsleepinghabitformedduringtheirchildhood2. Manyushortsleepersarelikelytoholdtheviewthat.Asleepisawithdrawalfrom

16、therealityBsleepinterfereswiththeirsoundjudgementCsleepistheleastexpensiveitemontheirroutineprogramDsleepisthebestwaytodealwithpsychologicaltroubles3. Itisstatedinthethirdparagraphthatshortsleepers.AareideallyvigorousevenunderthepressuresoflifeBoftenneglecttheconsequencesofinadequatesleepCdonotknowh

17、owtorelaxproperlyDaremoreunlikelytorunintomentalproblems4. Whensometimestheycannotenjoyadequatesleep,thelongsleepersmight.AappeardisturbedBbecomeenergeticCfeeldissatisfiedDbeextremelydepressed5. WhichofthefollowingisNotincludedinthepassage?AIfonesleepsinadequately,hisperformancesuffersandhismemoryis

18、weakenedBThesleeppatternsofshortsleepersareexactlythesaneasthoseshownbymanymentalpatientsCLongandshortsleepersdifferintheirattitudestowardssleepDShortsleeperswouldbebetteroffwithmorerest答案：DCBAB貝克爾和哈特曼報(bào)道說，“睡眠少的人”在未進(jìn)入少年期之前，其正常睡眠時(shí)間大致與所需要的時(shí)間差不多。但到了15歲左右，由于學(xué)校、工作或其它活動(dòng)的地壓力，他們就故意地減少了夜間睡眠的時(shí)間。這些人持有這樣的觀點(diǎn)：夜間睡眠是一件令人討厭的事情，打斷了日常事務(wù)。總的說來，這些“睡眠少的人”表現(xiàn)得雄心勃勃、積極活躍、精力充沛、無意識(shí)樂觀豁達(dá)、立場(chǎng)堅(jiān)定，對(duì)自己職業(yè)的選擇胸有成竹。他們往往同時(shí)從事幾項(xiàng)工作，或者一邊上學(xué)讀書，一邊從事專職或兼職工作。其中許多人有強(qiáng)烈愿望，想在朋友和熟人面前表現(xiàn)得“正常”或“合群”。當(dāng)讓他們回憶夢(mèng)境時(shí)，“睡眠少的人”回憶不起什么來。更有甚者，他們似乎情愿