初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法,從句,講解練習(xí)

1、真誠(chéng)為您提供優(yōu)質(zhì)參考資料，若有不當(dāng)之處，請(qǐng)指正。 賓語(yǔ)從句一，引導(dǎo)詞A，由that 引導(dǎo)的陳述句性的賓語(yǔ)從句，在很多動(dòng)詞如say， think， wish ， hope， see， believe， agree， expect， hear ， feel等動(dòng)詞后。連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不做句子的成分，也無(wú)詞匯意義，在口語(yǔ)中常被省略，但在大多數(shù)情況下還是以不省為好，特別是在筆語(yǔ)中。例：I told him that he was wrong.l在think，believe， suppose， expect等動(dòng)詞引起的賓語(yǔ)從句中，有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)盡管是否定意義，卻不用否定形式，而將think 等

2、動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?。例：I dont think you are right. (我認(rèn)為你做的不對(duì))l在許多帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中，that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式賓語(yǔ)。例：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我認(rèn)為他向每一個(gè)人撒謊是錯(cuò)誤的)B，由連詞if、 whether 引導(dǎo)的表示是否的賓語(yǔ)從句。Whether，if 在從句中不做句子的成分，一般情況下，whether和if 可以替換。例：I dont know if/whether he will come tomorrow.The teacher ask

3、ed if/whether we had finished the experiment.l在介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中不用if引導(dǎo)例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。l賓語(yǔ)從句中有or not時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo).例：I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.l和不定式連用作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo).例：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.C，由wh-引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。連接代詞who，whom，whose， what， whi

4、ch，和連接副詞when， where， why， how 等連接的賓語(yǔ)從句，它們?cè)诰渲屑从羞B接從句的作用，又在句中充當(dāng)句子的成分。例：Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定語(yǔ))I dont know where he lives. (where 做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))二，賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述語(yǔ)序，既連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分例：I believe that they will come soon.He asked me whether I was a teacher.They wanted to know wh

5、at they can do for us.三，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)受主句的限制，即：主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)。如果從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前，則從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。例:1)She says that she is a student.She said that she was a student.2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3)She says that she

6、has finished her homework already.She said that she had finished her homework already.4)She says that she can sing a song in English.She said that she could sing a song in English.如果賓語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)時(shí)，這時(shí)賓語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.He told me that Japan is an i

7、sland country.Could you tell me是用來(lái)征詢對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)，語(yǔ)氣委婉，并不表示過(guò)去。例：Could you tell me when we will visit the History Museum?注意事項(xiàng)：由陳述句變成賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要注意人稱(chēng)的變化。例：She said: I have been to England before.She said that she had been to England before.She asked me: Do you like maths?She asked me if I liked maths.賓語(yǔ)從句與簡(jiǎn)單句的交換。由

8、連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，如果賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人時(shí)，可以用疑問(wèn)詞+不定式做賓語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句結(jié)構(gòu)。例：I dont know what I should do next.I cont know what to do next.He didnt know where he would live.He didnt know where 中考英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)掃描在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)的句子是定語(yǔ)從句，它在句中修飾名詞或代詞。定語(yǔ)從句一般由關(guān)系代詞that, which, who(m), whose和關(guān)系副詞when, where, why等引導(dǎo)。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語(yǔ)

9、從句通常放在先行詞的后面作后置定語(yǔ)。在中考試題中，主要考查引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。一、一般情況下，當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，用that, who或whom引導(dǎo)。如：I know the young man that/who is reading under the tree. 我認(rèn)識(shí)在樹(shù)下讀書(shū)的那個(gè)年輕人。The girl whom you talked about a moment ago is my daughter. 你們剛才談?wù)摰呐⑹俏业呐畠?。【溫馨提示】?dāng)指人的先行詞后有介詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞不用that, 而要用whom。如：Jim is the person for whom you

10、 are looking. 吉姆是你在尋找的人。二、當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，用which或that引導(dǎo)。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷?。如：Give me the pen that/which is on the desk. 把桌子上的鋼筆給我?！緶剀疤崾尽恳? 當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)只能用that而不能用which的幾種常見(jiàn)情況：1. 先行詞為all, anything, everything, nothing, much, none, little等不定代詞時(shí)。如： There is nothing that can stop him from doing it. 沒(méi)有什么能阻止他做這件事。2. 先行

11、詞前有l(wèi)ast, next, only，very及序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)等修飾時(shí)。如：This is the most interesting film that was shown last week. 這是上周所放映的影片中最有趣的一部。The only thing that they can do is to wait. 他們唯一能做的事就是等待。3. 先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)等修飾時(shí)。如：This is the second computer that father has just bought. 這是爸爸剛剛買(mǎi)的第二臺(tái)電腦。This is the very pen (that) you b

12、ought yesterday. 這正是你昨天買(mǎi)的筆。 4. 當(dāng)先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。如： Sally is talking about the writer and his book that interests her. 薩麗在談?wù)撨@位作家及能使她感興趣的這位作家的書(shū)。5. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是who的疑問(wèn)句。如：Who is the boy that is playing computer games? 在玩電腦游戲的男孩是誰(shuí)？二) 當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，只能用which而不能用that的場(chǎng)合1. 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)。如：This is the house in which Tom once lived

13、. 這是湯姆曾經(jīng)住過(guò)的房子。2. 在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句(即通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)，如果去掉逗號(hào)，整個(gè)句子仍能表達(dá)完整的意義的定語(yǔ)從句)中。如：They are talking about the TV play, which they saw last night. 他們正在談?wù)撟蛲砜吹碾娨晞　?三、whose在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾它后面的名詞。如：Do you know the girl whose name is Lily? 你認(rèn)識(shí)名叫莉莉的女孩嗎？四、當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系副詞。表示時(shí)間用when，表示地點(diǎn)用where，表示原因用why。但這些關(guān)系副詞通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成“介詞 +

14、 關(guān)系代詞”形式。如：The hotel where/at which the visitors are staying is very expensive. 這些參觀者呆的旅館很貴。2008年中考定語(yǔ)從句真題精選1. Do you know the scientist _ gave us a talk just now? (天津市)A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 2. This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday. (河北省)A. which B. what C. whose D. whom 3.

15、Shaolin Temple _ lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad. (河南省)A. where B. which C. who D. what 4. Do you know the girl _ is standing under the tree?She is my little sister. (福州市)A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 5. This is the question _ we are talking about now.

16、(吉林省)A. that B. who C. where D. when 6. What are you looking for?I am looking for the book _ I bought yesterday. (長(zhǎng)沙市)A. who B. which C. whose 7. Jack, there is someone in the office _ would like to speak with you. (廈門(mén)市)A. who B. which C. whom 8. If a bag is filled with books and pens, it must belon

17、g to someone _ works hard. (臨沂市)A. which B. / C. whom D. who 9. Many young people prefer the songs _ have great lyrics. (泰安市)A. which B. who C. where D. whom 10. Even teachers cant understand some expressions _ their students use in daily life. (紹興市) A. whose B. who C. that D. whom 11. Beijing is th

18、e 29th city _ holds the Olympic Games. (蕪湖市)A. where B. that C. which D. what 12. Have you read the book _ I gave you yesterday? (茂名市)A. that B. when C. where 13. The man _ came to our party with a present is my old friend. (茂名市)A. when B. which C. what 14. I like writers _ write short stories. (襄樊市)A. which B. what C. whom D. who 15. There are many volunteers _ are helping the children in Sichuan.And most of them are college students. (咸寧市)A. which B. when C. whose D. who 16