高中英語 測試報 U1 第三部分直接引語和間接引語 語法部分輔導(dǎo)教案 牛津譯林版必修4

1、M4U1 語法部分輔導(dǎo)直接引語和間接引語 直接引語是直接引述別人的原話，原話用有引號，而間接引語是引述別人的話，不用引號。間接引語在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語從句。直接引語改為間接引語時，引述動詞是現(xiàn)在時，則間接引語中的動詞、時間、時態(tài)的形式不變。例如：She says, “ Ill never forget the moment變成間接引語為She says that shell never forget the moment.但是如引述動詞為過去時，間接引語中的動詞、時間、時態(tài)、地點、人稱等一般要作相應(yīng)的變化。遵循下列規(guī)律：一、一般規(guī)律。在直接引語中在間接引語中指示代詞 this these th

2、at those時間狀語 now today yesterday last week tomorrow next yearTwo days ago Then that day the day before the week before the next day the next year two days before地點狀語 here there動詞時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)左進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在完成時一般過去時過去完成時一般將來時一般過去時過去進(jìn)行時過去完成時過去完成時（不變）過去將來時動詞變化can/maymustcomebringcould/mighthad togotake二、三要素。我們要很好地掌握

3、直接引語變間接引語這一語法項目，關(guān)鍵要掌握下列“三要素”。要素一：陳述句的間接引語連接詞用that，在口語中可省略。引述動詞用said, told, ,等。例如：1) He said: “Ive left my book in my room.”He told me that he had left his book in his room. 2) She said: “He will be busy.”She said that he would be busy.要素二： 疑問句的間接引語。一般疑問句后連接詞用if或whether，而引述選擇疑問句時只能用whether，引述動詞用asked

4、，沒有間接引語的可以加一個間接賓語me, him等，例如： She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.1) She asked, “Is this book yours or his?” She asked me whether that book was mine or his.(2) 特殊疑問句用原句中的疑問詞作連接詞，改為陳述語序。例如： The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?” The teacher asked me ho

5、w I had repaired it.要素三：祈使句的間接引語采用“動詞+賓語+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。 told即 asked sb. (not) to do sth. ordered warned注意：引語中的呼語可改成賓語。引語中的please 去掉，動詞改為 ask 1) The teacher said to the students, “Dont waste your time.” The teacher told the students not to waste their time.2) The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”The

6、 mother asked Tom to get up early.三、 “五不變” 在直接引語變間接引語時，還要注意以下五種不變的特殊情況。1 直接引語如果是客觀真理，諺（習(xí)）語，變間接引語時時態(tài)不變。例如： The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”My father said practice makes perfect.2. 直接引語中被引述的部分是

7、反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的，習(xí)慣性的動作或說話時情況仍然存在的，變間接引語時，時態(tài)保持不變，例如： The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.” The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day. He said, “We are still students. He said they are still students. 3 直接引語如果有明確的表示過去的時間狀語，時態(tài)不變。例如： He said to me, “I was born in 1978.” He told me th

8、at he was born in 1978. The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.” The engineer said he was at college in 1967. 4直接引語中凡有When， since，while 引導(dǎo)的從句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語時，只改變主句時態(tài)，從句的時態(tài)不變。例如：He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.” He said he had studied English since he was a boy.She said, “I read the

9、 book while I was waiting for a bus.She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus.Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.”Mr. Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job. 5如果直接引語中引述部分含有insist, suggest, demand

10、等引導(dǎo)的虛擬賓語從句，變間接引語時，引語中的主從句時態(tài)都不變。例如：He said, “We insisted that she start immediately.He said they (had) insisted that she start immediately.She said, “He demanded that the girl leave at once.”She said he demanded that the girl leave at once.另外，如果說話人轉(zhuǎn)述自己的話，人稱則可不變. 例如：I said to him, “I have finished it.”I told him I had finished it.如果就在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述, her