lesson17動(dòng)詞不定式(二)

1、 上教考資源網(wǎng) 助您教考無(wú)憂lesson 17 動(dòng)詞不定式（二）第二節(jié) 動(dòng)詞不定式的用法一、 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)1. 不定式前置1) Derive A mineral resources from B sedimentary rock C is a D major modern industrial activity.2) in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time is realy a hard nut. A To make high scoresB To make low goalC To the high scoresD Ma

2、ke the low goals2. 上述形式一般情況不多見，作為考試的規(guī)范英語(yǔ)，如果不定式較長(zhǎng)，顯得頭重腳輕，則可由代詞“it”作形式主語(yǔ)(形式主語(yǔ)“it”不能由“that”或“this”等其他代詞代替)，而將不定式放到后面It is really a hard nut to get high scores in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time.3) John admitted that it's always difficult .A for him being on timeB being on time fo

3、r himC for him to be on timeD on time for him4) It is difficult for me A to be concentrating B while someone C is using D a vacuum cleaner.3. 不定式后置的情況不僅限于動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞，也適用于其他動(dòng)詞It took us a great deal of efforts to finish that task.It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since t

4、hey separated more than 40 years ago.4. 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)所表示的動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的，即不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，通?？梢栽谔囟ǖ纳舷挛闹心芸闯?，也可以通過帶“for 名詞短語(yǔ)”辨出It is quite important for us to read good books during the period of general review(總復(fù)習(xí)).It is not difficult for those who study maths well to pass the exam.5. 在某些形容詞(如careless,clever,considerate, foo

5、lish, good, impolite, kind, naughty, nice, silly, stupid等)作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式后可以加of來引導(dǎo)出其邏輯主語(yǔ)It is very kind of you to help me./It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing.間或也可用for there to be 表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是to be)。It's a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.二、 不定式作賓語(yǔ)不定式作賓語(yǔ)有兩種：一種是及物動(dòng)詞

6、后直接跟帶to的不定式；另一種是“動(dòng)詞疑問詞帶to的不定式”1. 動(dòng)詞帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)只能跟動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞，常見的有：afford, agree, aim, appear, arrange, ask, believe, care, claim, decide, decline(拒絕), demand, desire, determine, endeavor, expect, fail, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long, manage, mean(想要), offer(表示愿意做), pretend, promise, refuse, seek(試圖)

7、, swear, undertake, wish(想要)等。5) We refuse that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults(銀行保管庫(kù)) of this nation.A to believe B to be belivedC belivingD have belived6) The green turtle has been known over 2，000 miles to return to a nesting site.A in the navigating B the navigation C to navigat

8、e D navigation7) For the A first time Venusian scientists managed landing B a satellite on the planet Earth, and it has been sending C back signals as well as D photographs ever since.8) The day is past when Chinese universities and colleges to give high school diplomas to all who sit through four y

9、ears of instruction, regardless of whether any visible results can be discerned. A affordedB affordingC to affordD can afford從上例我們可以看出afford一般與can和can't或could和couldn't連用。2. 動(dòng)詞疑問代(副)詞不定式這類動(dòng)詞常見的有：advise,decide, discuss, find out, forget, inquire, know, learn, regard, remember, see, settle, tea

10、ch, tell, think(=consider), understand, wonder等。這些疑問代(副)詞有what, when, where, which, how, whether等，但不包括why，如：                             He does not know how to go t

11、here                    when to speak before strangers.                    who(m) to visit.   &

12、#160;                which one to choose.   You can decide whether to go forward or stay here.                  when to see a doct

13、or.   I will show you what to do.                   where to go.                   how to deal with it.其中，1)和2

14、)中不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)仍是句子的主語(yǔ)，分別為He和You；而3)中不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)則不是句子的主語(yǔ)I，而是賓語(yǔ)you。9) The director of this organization must know .A to manage money, sell his product and beable to satisfy stockholdersB managing money, selling, and be able to satisfy the stockholdersC how to manage money, sell his product, and satisfy the s

15、tockholdersD money management, selling and being able to satisfy the stockholders10) To tell you the truth, I really dont know how deal with a man like him.A can IB wellC toD much3. 有時(shí)，不定式跟作主語(yǔ)時(shí)一樣，可由it來代替，而把不定式放到后面去He makes it a rule to take a walk before breakfast.I think it interesting to play foot

16、ball while it is snowing hard.We find it difficult to get everything ready before the time you require.She cosiders it important to make friends with them.I don't think it necessary to argue with them on this problem.4. 有時(shí)THERE和TO BE連用表示“有”或“存在(某情況)”等It is impossible for there to be any more.Wou

17、ld you like there to be a meeting to discuss the problem?I expect there to be no argument about this?有時(shí)在個(gè)別的介詞后可用“疑問詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”作其賓語(yǔ)He has his own decision of how to do it.三、 不定式作表語(yǔ)1. 一種情況為主語(yǔ)是不定式(表示條件)，表語(yǔ)也是不定式(表示結(jié)果)To see is to believe/ To work means to earn a living. 2. 另一種情況主語(yǔ)是以aim, duty, hope, idea, ha

18、ppiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等為中心的名詞，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不定式表語(yǔ)對(duì)主語(yǔ)起補(bǔ)充說明作用His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future. / The boss's plan is to start building the skycraper immediately. / What I want to say is to get rid of the plan forever.11) The function of Louis Sulliva

19、ns architecture was providing A large uninterrupted floor areas B and to allow ample light C into the interior D .12) The most important A thing is negociate B with them about C the future of D the plant.四、 不定式作定語(yǔ)1. 不定式作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞或代詞，它只能放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面。這時(shí)被修飾的名詞與不定式之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系13) The flexibility of film a

20、llows the artist unstrained imagination to the animation of cartoon characters.A to bringB bringingC is broughtD brings14) Billie Holidays reputation as a great jazzblues singer rests on her ability emotional depth to her songs.A be givingB are givenC being givenD to give 另外，有些詞的不定式定語(yǔ)有主謂關(guān)系，如除了上述例句以外

21、，還有些詞常跟不定式作定語(yǔ)。這些詞主要有decision (to make), (a) need (to eat), opportunity (to speak),reason(to learn a foreing language), time (to sth)等。2. 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)往往有一層動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即所修飾的名詞是不定式的賓語(yǔ)15) Alice was having A trouble to control B the children because there were C so many D of them.16) There are so many reference boo

22、ks for matriculation of postgraduate and I haven't decided which book .A to buyB buyCto be buyingD buying17) Astronauts can be affected by loneliness for they have to sit in the spacecraft for weeks with very little and no one .A to do to talkB doing to talk toC to do to talk toD doing to talk3.

23、 因?yàn)椴欢ㄊ剿揎椀拿~是不定式的賓語(yǔ)，所以如果不定式動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，那么就要在動(dòng)詞后加上相應(yīng)的介詞He has a lot of trifles to deal with./ I had got no place to live in./That girl has nothing to worry about./the subject to concentrate on. / He has a strict teacher to listen to. / She has four children to look after. / She had a sick mother to live

24、 with. / This is the very person to sell your ticket to.18) Although the lecture had already been on for five minutes, I still was not able to find a chair .A to sitB for to sit onC to sit onD for sitting4. 一些表示企圖、努力、傾向、目的、愿望、打算、能力、意向等意義的名詞后面要求接不定式作其定語(yǔ)，如：ability, attempt, effort等19) During A the 19t

25、h century scientists found B that when certain parts of the brain were damaged C men lost the ability doing D certain things.20) What is new, however, is the scientific attempt whether other planets beyond our own have given birth to advanced civilizations.A discoverB discoversC discoveringD to disc

26、over21) Surely her daughter would make an even bigger effort her?A please B pleased C to please D having pleased五、不定式作狀語(yǔ) 注意作狀語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式要與其邏輯主語(yǔ)在意義上和數(shù)上的一致。1. 表示目的22) its plans to promote disarmaments，the party has decided to establish a campaign headquarters with Benjamin Seaman as its leader.AAlthoughBT

27、o carry outCExcept thatD Make23) pure lead，the lead ore is mined，then smelted，and finally refined.A ObtainingB Being obtainedC To obtainD It is obtained24) When they met，Leonardo and his enemy were fighting . Akilled each otherBkilling each otherCto be killed each otherDto kill each other2. 表示結(jié)果，在這種

28、情況下，不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)也是全句的主語(yǔ)He must be cripple not to walk by himself./It seems that the employee didn't sleep at all to be so sleepy in the early morning. / What have I done for you to deserve such an amount of money?還有固定搭配的不定式表示結(jié)果：soas to; such() as to ; enough to; tooto; in order to 等We have got so pl

29、enty of food as to treat our guests./ Is that room big enough to seat all of us?/ He is too young to fit that job.3. 表示原因It's very kind of you to say so. / I am pretty pleased to hear the news that you are elected as the president of the club. / I'm sorry to interrupt you. / They are quite s

30、urprised to see the great changes taking place in the area.4. 伴隨狀況在下列表示能力、愿望、傾向等語(yǔ)義的形容詞后邊也要接不定式：able(但其同義詞“ capable”后面要接“of+動(dòng)名詞”)，anxious, eager, glad, inclined(傾向于)，liable, likely, pleased, ready等。25) Certain A minerals are magnetic and are able to detected B by instruments that measure C difference

31、s in the Earths magnetic fields D .六、 在復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是指有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語(yǔ)后再帶上不定式，作賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。前邊已提到過，在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中賓語(yǔ)是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)。1. 有很多這樣的動(dòng)詞可以跟賓語(yǔ)及其(或)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不定式，如：advise, allow, ask, enable, beg, cause, drive, encourage, expect, forbid, force, hate, get , intend, invite, like, permit, persuade, pretend, remind, say, teach, te

32、ll, trust, urge, want, warn等表示“致使”等意義26) The company manager may enable the men who tend the machines a large panorama(全景) of possibilites.A to seeB seeC seeingD seen27) Did you intend us the new method?A to use B using C our having used D the using of28) The teacher encouraged good compositions.A u

33、s writeB us writingC us to writeD our wrting2. 在某些成語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如 arrange for, call on, care for, count on, count upon, depend upon, long for, prepare for, prevail upon, rely on, vote for, wait for等后面，也可以跟賓語(yǔ)加不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)We are waiting for the bus to come./ They voted for Wang Gang to be the monitor. / Don't c

34、ount on me to do that.3. 另外，表示感覺的動(dòng)詞 see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe和have, let, make后的賓語(yǔ)可接不帶to的不定式(help后不定式可帶to也可不帶to)29) I often heard him that his family was well descended. A saidB sayC to sayD to be said30) We must have a person them build the house. A seeB to seeC will seeD shall see31)

35、You would become irritated A if you watched B the correspondence to pile up C on your desk day by day D .4. 表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞像consider, declare, find, prove, think, know , believe, discover, feel(=think), imagine, judge, pretend, suppose, understand等詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不定式一般是to be(或動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)態(tài))32) “Youve been taking a lot o

36、f nice photographs.”“Thanks. Im considering a professional photographer.”A becomingB about becomeC to becomeD over becoming而且，在consider, declare, find, prove, think等動(dòng)詞后的to be 是可以省去的。如： She considered me a scholar. / They found him gulty.七、不定式的完成式、進(jìn)行式和完成進(jìn)行式：這三類在考研題中出現(xiàn)的頻率很高，要特別注意不定式的這三種形式 1. 如果不定式所表示的

37、動(dòng)作與主要謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作(狀態(tài))同時(shí)(或幾乎同時(shí))發(fā)生或發(fā)生在主要謂語(yǔ)之后，那么用不定式的一般形式He received a warm welcome from the Australians and from his family who had flown there to meet him. In 1967, he arrived back in England, where a quarter of a million people were waiting to welcome him.After all, eighty was a special birthday, anothe

38、r decade lived or endured just as you chose to look at it. Now suddenly she began to sob, holding herself in as if weeping were a disgrace.2. 如果不定式所表示的動(dòng)作(狀態(tài))發(fā)生在主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或特定的某時(shí)間之前，那么不定式就要用其完成式She feels relaxed to have finished writing her thesis before the deadline.33) The Vikings are believed America.A

39、 to have discoveredB in discoveringC to discoverD to have been discovered34) The students were to at the auditorium before 1:30 pm, but the lecture was cancelled at the last minute.A assembled B have assembled C assembling D be assembled35) He was to the new ambassador, but he fell ill.A having tele

40、phonedB have telephonedC has telephonedD telephoning3. 不定式進(jìn)行式表示主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作(情況)發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生When he came in, I happened to be doing my experiment in the lab.Why do you stand here? You are supposed to be working in the workshop.4. 不定式完成進(jìn)行式表示其動(dòng)詞所代表的動(dòng)作，在主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所代表的動(dòng)作之前一直在進(jìn)行The students from the Depa

41、rtment of Sociology are said to have been investigating the possibility of producing the new product.They are quite happy to have been cooperating harmoniously with us till now.八、不定式的被動(dòng)形式當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，這個(gè)不定式要用被動(dòng)式，包括它的一般式和完成式36) Here we found little snow, as most of it seemed blown off the mountai

42、n.Ato have beenBto beCthat it wasDthat it had been37) For twelve years, Spanish censorship did not allow Lorcas name or his works .A to mention; to be publishedB to be mentioned; to publishC being mentioned; being publishedD to be mentioned; to be published38) There is，it seems A ， no B limit to the

43、 satisfaction to be finding C in the pursuit of knowledge D .九、不定式的否定形式：否定形式是在不定式的標(biāo)志to前邊加not39) that new information to anyone else but the sergeant. A They asked him not to giveB They asked him to dont giveC They asked him no giveD They asked him to no give40) Please remember lights on in the future.A dont leave B not to leave C not leaving D dont to leave41) The teacher told A the students to dont B discuss C the takehome exam with each other D .十、介詞except和but(作“只有，只能”講時(shí))跟不定式結(jié)構(gòu)(but與不帶to的不定式連用)He seldom goes back home except to ask for money from hi