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1、1、 一般現(xiàn)在時(一)定義 表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作,或存在的狀態(tài),還表示主語具備的性格 和能力及客觀真理。 例:I get up at 6:30 in the morning . She is at home . (二)構(gòu)成 主要用動詞原形表示,當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時,在動詞詞尾加s/es。 (三)句型 1、肯定
2、句:主語+謂語+其他。 She reads English everyday . 2、否定句:主語+dont/doesnt+謂語+其他。 He doesnt get up at 6:30 in the morning . &
3、#160; 3、一般疑問句:Do/Does+主語+V原+其他? Do you like English ? Yes ,I do ./No, I dont . 4、 特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+do/does+主語+V原+其他?
4、; What time do you get up every morning ? (四)用法 1、表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作,或存在的狀態(tài),帶與表示頻率的時間狀語如:often , sometimes, usually, always, everyday year, month), once/twice a week (month, year, etc.), sel
5、dom, on Sunday等連用。 I leave home for school at seven every morning . 2、 表示客觀真理,科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言警句。 The ear
6、th goes around the sun .地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 Ten minus two is eight.十減二等于八。 3、根據(jù)英文語法規(guī)定,當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是一般將來時,那么時間或條件狀語從句的謂語動詞只能用一般現(xiàn)在時來表示將來要發(fā)生的動作。 I'll tell him the news when he
7、;comes back. 他回來時,我將告訴他這個消息。 If you come this afternoon,well have a meeting . 如果你今天下午回來,我們將開會。 4、僅為了描述狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征、能力等等。這里的目的是為了"描述現(xiàn)階段的動作或狀態(tài)",其重點(diǎn)"不是強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間、或進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)"。例如: He
8、;can speak five foreign languages .他能說五種外語。 That is a beautiful city .那是座美麗的城市。 (5) 動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式變化規(guī)則 1、一般情況下,動詞后直接加-s; 如:help-helps ,clean-cleans ,give-gives等。 2、以s,x,c
9、h,sh或o結(jié)尾的動詞,在詞尾加-es; 如:dress-dresses,fix-fixes,watch-watches,finish-finishes等。 3、以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞,把y變?yōu)閕,再加-es; 如:study-studies,fly-flies,carry-carries等。 4、動詞have遇在主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時,have改為has, 如:He has an interesting book . 5、動詞be遇有主語是第一人稱單數(shù)時,be改為am,遇有主語是第二
10、人稱時,be改為are,遇有主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時,be改為is.Exercises:1)用所給單詞的正確形式填空。1. I like _ (swim). 2.He _(read) English every
11、 day. 3.We _(go)to school at seven in the morning.4.Does he_(like)_(jump) ? 5.Does Nancy_(grow)flowers on Saturday ?6. Why_Tom
12、;absent today ? ( be )7. _you study English at school ? Yes , I_. ( do ) 8. _your sister study English at school ? No , she_ . ( do )2)單項(xiàng)選擇題
13、1.The students will go to the Summer Palace if it _ tomorrow. A.don't rain B. doesn't rain C. won't rain 2. There _ an English
14、160;film next week. A. will have B. is going to have C. is going to be D. was going to be 3. The picture _ nice.
15、; A.looks B.is looked C.look D.is looking 4. She _ down and soon fell asleep. A. live B. lain C. laid D.
16、lay 5. They _ the office at nine yesterday morning. A. reached to B. arrived C. went D. get to 6. We shall go to Shan
17、ghai on business before you _ back next week. A. will come B. came C. would come D. come 7. Don't smoke until the plane _ off.
18、; A.takes B.took C.was taken D.is take 8. I saw her _ the room this morning. A.to enter B. entered C. enter D. enters 9. the teacher asked us
19、60;_ to school on time. A. to come B.coming C.come D.comes 10. Jim decided _ Polly to Ling Feng when he was back to England. A. to leav
20、e B. left C. leaving D. Leave二、一般過去時:(一)定義過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài);過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。 例:I was born on April 2, 1986. (2) 結(jié)構(gòu)1、 肯定句:主語+動詞過去式+其他。
21、 I was in Beijing yesterday . I went to the beach yesterday . 2、 否定句:主語+wasnt 或werent+其他。
22、60; 主語+didnt + V原+其他。 I wasnt in Beijing yesterday .
23、0; I didnt go to the beach yesterday . 3、 一般疑問句:was/ were+主語+V原+其他? Did +主語+V原+其他? &
24、#160; Were you in Beijing yesterday ? Did you go to the beach yesterday ?
25、 4、特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+ was/ were+主語+其他? 特殊疑問詞+did+主語+V原+其他? Where were you yesterday ? Where did
26、;you go yesterday ?(三)用法 1、表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間里所發(fā)生的動作或情況,常與明確的時間狀語連用,如:yesterday,last week(month,year.)ago,the other day ,just now ,at the age of,in 1980等連用。如: At the age of ten ,she began to
27、160;learn to play the piano . 2、表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作,常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。 When I was a child ,I often play the football in the street . 3、在時間、條件狀語從句中,常用一般過去時態(tài)代替過去將來時。&
28、#160; He said he wouldnt go if it rained . (四)動詞過去式的規(guī)則變化 1) 一般情況下, 在動詞原形末尾加-ed 如look-looked 2) 結(jié)尾是字母e 的動詞加-d, 如 practice-practiced; 3) 結(jié)尾是輔音字母+y 的動詞, 變y為i
29、 再加ed, 如study studied; 4) 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾, 雙寫動詞尾的輔音字母,再加ed, 如stop stopped.Exercises:1) 用所給單詞的正確形式填空。1. They _ glad to see each other last month.2. Her
30、160;father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _. 三、一般將來時 (一)概念 表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 There will be an English party next Satur
31、day . We will come to see you tomorrow . (二)結(jié)構(gòu) 1、由will +動詞原形構(gòu)成,其will適用于各種人稱,與主語連在一起時,常常縮寫為ll。變否定句時,只需在will后加not,可縮寫為wont 。在疑問句中,will需提前,構(gòu)成will+主語+動詞原形的結(jié)構(gòu)。 2、shall+動詞原形(常用于主語為第一人稱) I shall / will not
32、 be free tomorrow .我明天沒空。 3、be going to+動詞原形(打算、準(zhǔn)備做某事) He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在倫敦度假。 (三)用法 1、表示在將來某個時間將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表示將來的時間狀語,如:tomorrow, next&
33、#160;day(week,month,year), this evening (weekend ), in the future , in a few minutes, the day after tomorrow ,by, soon 等連用、I will pay a visit to Shanghai next week
34、160;. I hope you wont be late next time . 2、當(dāng)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時,在以after,when,while,as soon as ,if ,unless等引導(dǎo)的時間或條件句中,要用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。 Ill do it better if the teacher gives me&
35、#160;another chance .Exercises1 There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have
36、0; C. will have D. is going to be 2. -_ you _ free tomorrow? - No. I _ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will
37、160; B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be 3. Mother _ me a nice prese
38、nt on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives
39、0; D. give 4. - Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? -_. (不,不要。) A. No, you won't. B. No, you
40、aren't. C. No, please don't. D. No, please. 四、過去將來時 (一)定義 表示過去的某時以后將要發(fā)生的動作。但這個"將來"時間絕不會延伸到現(xiàn)在;而僅限于過去時間區(qū)域內(nèi)。由此可以看出,含這個時態(tài)的句子常帶一個表示過去某個時間點(diǎn)的狀語。這個狀語或是一個短語,或是一個句子。(2) 構(gòu)成過去將來時由would
41、, was/were going to, was/were to was/were about to等加動詞原形構(gòu)成。(三)用法: A)賓語從句或間接引語中; When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be . 當(dāng)我考慮這件事時,我想知道他們的反應(yīng)是
42、什么。 She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day. 她告訴我,她第二天要去歐洲旅行。 B)表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作; During that period , he would do morning-exercises every
43、60;day. 在那段時間,他每天早鍛煉。 Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework. 無論他什么時間有空,他總是幫他媽媽干點(diǎn)家務(wù)活。C)表示過去情況中的愿望、傾向,多用于否定句。 No matter how difficult the work
44、was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it . 不管工作有多難,他總會堅(jiān)持不懈地把它干完。 They knew that we would never permit such a thing. 他們知道我們絕不會允許發(fā)生這樣的事。 選擇填空
45、160; 1. Li Ming said he _happy if Brian_to China next month. A. as; come B. was; would come C. would be; came D. will be; come
46、0;2. Jenny said she _her holiday in China. A. spent B. would spent C. was going to spent D. would spend 3. What did your son say in
47、the letter? -He told me that he _ the Disney World the next day. A. will visit B. has visited
48、60; C. is going to visit D. would visit 4. I hoped Tina _ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday. A. to
49、come B. is coming C. will come D. was coming 5. Father said that he _ me to Beijing the next year. A. took B. would&
50、#160;take C. takes D. will take 五、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 (一)結(jié)構(gòu) 由 Be(amisare) 動詞ing 構(gòu)成。 (二)用法 1、表示說話時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作及行為,或者包括說話時刻在內(nèi)的一段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作。常用時間狀語及標(biāo)志詞:now( at the moment ) , listen
51、60;, look , this week , this evening , these days 等。 Listen , Someone is playing the piano in the next room . 2、表示一種漸進(jìn)的過程。 My
52、160;younger brother is becoming more and more insterested in English . 3、與always , all the time , forever等連用,表示說話人某種強(qiáng)烈的情感,如:贊許、批評;喜歡、厭惡等。例如: He is always thinking of others ,
53、 not of himself . (表示贊許)他總是為他人著想,而不為自己。 She is often doing well at school. (表示滿意)她在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)挺不錯的。 Are you feeling better today? (表示親切)你今天覺得好一些嗎? One of my
54、0;roommates is constantly leaving things about.(表示不滿)我的一個室友老是亂扔?xùn)|西。 Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us .(表示不喜歡) 有些推銷員老是敲我家的門,向我們推銷他們的產(chǎn)品。
55、0;4、表示移位的動詞,如go,come,leave,start,arrive等,其現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可表將來。 She is leaving for Beijing next weak . My friend is coming for dinner . (三)句型 1、肯定句:主語+ be(amisare)
56、60;動詞ing +其他。 I am studying now . 2、否定句:主語+ be +not+動詞ing +其他。 I am not studying now .
57、 3、一般疑問句:Be+主語+動詞ing +其他? Is she studying now ? Yes ,she is ./No,she isnt . 4、特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+ Be+主語+動詞ing +其他?
58、0; What are you doing now ? (四)動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式構(gòu)成的幾種方法: 1、一般在動詞原形結(jié)尾直接加-ing 。 read-reading ,go-going ,visit-visiting 2、以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動詞,去e再加-ing。
59、; live-living, write-writing,make-making,take-taking 3、 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母的詞,雙寫這個字母再加-ing 。 sit-sitting,begin-beginning,get-getting,run-running, put-putting 4、少數(shù)幾個以ie結(jié)尾的動詞,變ie為y再加-ing。 die-dying, lie-lying, tie-tying一.填空題
60、; 1Mr.Zheng _ (read) a book now. 2. The rabbits _ (jump) now. 3. Look ! Tom and John _ (swim). 4. My brother _ (make) a k
61、ite in his room now. 5. Look! The bus _ (stop). 六、過去進(jìn)行時 (一)結(jié)構(gòu) 由was/were+動詞-ing構(gòu)成。 (二)用法 表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作。動作發(fā)生的特指時間常用一個短語或時間狀語從句來表明,如:at this time yesterday,at&
62、#160;7:00 yesterday ,last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time以when或while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句等。 My family were watching TV at this time yesterday . &
63、#160;注意:(1)以when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中,從句動作,主句用過去進(jìn)行時,表示一個動作發(fā)生時,另一個動作正在進(jìn)行。 When he called me , I was having dinner . (2)以while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中,從句與主句的動作在過去某一時刻同時進(jìn)行,while常譯為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r候,同時”。
64、60; Tom was doing his homework while hie sister was watching TV .填空題 1.I _ cooked a meal when you _ me. a. cooked, were ringing
65、 b. was cooking, rang c. was cooking, were ringing d. cooked, rang 2.He said he _ to draw
66、;a plane on the blackboard at that time. a. tries b. tried c. was trying &
67、#160; d. will try 3.While she _ TV, she _ a sound outside the room. a. was watching, was hearing b.
68、60;watched, was hearing c. watched, heard d. was watching, heard 4.They _ a
69、 football game from 7 to 9 last night. a. were watching b. watch c. watched
70、 d. are watching 5.What book _ you _ when I _ you at four yesterday afternoon? a. did, read, was seeing &
71、#160; b. did, read, saw c. were, reading, saw d. were, reading, was seeing七、現(xiàn)在完成時 (一)含義
72、; 現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài),但其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系, 也就是說, 動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在。 e.g. I have lost my wallet. (含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了。) Jane has laid the table.(含義是:已可以吃飯了。) (2) 結(jié)構(gòu) 助動詞have /h
73、as+動詞過去分詞,主語為第三人稱單數(shù)用has,其他人稱用have 。 (三)句型 1、肯定句:主語+have /has+動詞過去分詞+其他。 I have studied English for 5 years . 2、否定句:主語+have
74、0;/has+not +動詞過去分詞+其他。 We havent been there . 3、一般疑問句:Have/Has+主語+動詞過去分詞+其他? Has he eaten that apple ? &
75、#160; 4、特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+ have /has +主語+動詞過去分詞+其他? (四)用法 1、現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻的、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況,常與for, since連用。 e.g. Mary has been ill for three days.
76、160; I have lived here since 1998. 2、現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用, 如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等: e.g. He has already obtained a scholarship
77、. I havent seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before.
78、160; Have they found the missing child yet? 3、現(xiàn)在完成時常常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等: e.g. Have you ever been to Beijing?
79、60; I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. 4、現(xiàn)在完成時還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用,如now, up to these
80、160;few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, up to present, so far等。 e.g. Peter has written six papers so far. Man has
81、60;now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom. 5、現(xiàn)在完成時表示現(xiàn)在之前就已完成的動作, 雖然其效果或影響仍然存在但已不再繼續(xù), 但是有一些現(xiàn)在完成時的句子,在后面加上for+一段時間,則現(xiàn)在完成時的動作就表示延續(xù)性。 e.g. Thomas has studied Russian.
82、0;(現(xiàn)在不再學(xué)俄語) Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.)
83、 6、現(xiàn)在完成時還可以用來表示過去的一個時間到現(xiàn)在這段時間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。 e.g. We have had four texts this semester. 現(xiàn)在完成時中的時間狀語: already通常用于肯定句中,意為已經(jīng),位于行為動詞之前, be動詞、助動詞之后。有時可放在疑問句句尾,表示驚訝。例如: We
84、60;have already cleaned the classroom. Have you finished it already? yet用于疑問句中表示已經(jīng);用于否定句中,表示還(沒)。例如: Has he found his watch yet?他還沒找到他的
85、表嗎? No, not yet. 是, 還沒有。 ever意為曾經(jīng),常用于疑問句或否定句中,位于助動詞和過去分詞之間,表示從過去到目前為止的時間。例如: Have you ever been there?你曾經(jīng)去過那里嗎? Nothing has ever
86、;happened here. 這里未曾發(fā)生過什么事。 never意為(曾經(jīng))從未、沒有, 是否定副詞,在句中位于助動詞和過去分詞之間。ever與否定詞not連用相當(dāng)于never。如:I havent ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her. 我從未跟她講過話。 just意為剛剛, 用于現(xiàn)在完成時, 表示行為剛剛過去, 位于助動詞
87、與過去分詞之間。 e.g. He has just come back from school.他剛從學(xué)?;貋?。 just now意為剛才, 表示過去某時, 用于一般過去時, 位于句首或句尾均可。e.g. He came from school just now.他剛才從學(xué)?;貋?。 for 和since的用法及區(qū)別。for 與一段時間連用,since 與時
88、間點(diǎn)連用。 注意:since 后接過去時的時間狀語或過去時的句子。 e.g. I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970. I havent seen her since sh
89、e left Shanghai. I saw Ping Ping six years ago. Since I have never seen her. have/has gone to、have/has been to
90、;和have/has been in的區(qū)別。 have/ has gone to 去了,在去某地的路上或在某地, 人還未回來 have/ has been to 曾經(jīng)去過, 人已經(jīng)回來了
91、0; have/ has been in 已經(jīng)在, 常與一段時間連用 e.g. She has been to Shanghai before. 她以前曾去過上海。 She has been in
92、160;Shanghai for ten years. 她在上海10年了。 Has he gone to Qingdao? 他去青島了嗎?一、單項(xiàng)選擇 1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they
93、160;_what's happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know 2、 He has _ been to&
94、#160; Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still 3、Have you met Mr Li _? .
95、 just . ago .before . a moment ago 4、 The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing
96、160; .was writing .wrote .has written 5、-Our country _ a lot so far . -Yes . I hope it will be even _ .
97、60; . has changed well . changed good . has changed better . changed better 6、 Zhao Lan _already _in this school
98、60;for two years . . was studying . will study . has studied . are studyin
99、g 7、 We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . Knew
100、 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see
101、 9、-These farmers have been to the United States . -Really ? When _ there ? . will they go
102、; . did they go . do they go . have they gone 10、-_ you _ your homework
103、yet ? -Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did do finished . Have done finished .
104、160; Have done have finished . will do finish 八、過去完成時 (一)概念 過去完成時表示過去某一時間或某一事件之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài),即過去的過去。圖示如下: -|- |-|->
105、0; 過去完成 過去 現(xiàn)在 將來 (二)構(gòu)成 (二)構(gòu)成1、肯定句:主語
106、+had過去分詞 When we got there, the football match had already started. 2、否定句:主語+had not+過去分詞 He hadnt worked for two years by then. 3、疑問句:had+主語+過去分詞? Had he finished the wo
107、rk by last month? (三)用法 1、過去完成時表示過去某一時刻或者某一動作之前完成的動作或狀態(tài); 句中常用by, before, until, when等詞引導(dǎo)的時間狀語。 e.g. By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom.
108、60; 2、過去完成時的動詞還可以表示過去某一時刻之前發(fā)生的動作或者狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個時間或者持續(xù)下去。例如: Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours. 3、 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。例如: She said (that)
109、160;she had never been to Paris. 4、在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中,發(fā)生在先,用過去完成時;發(fā)生在后,用一般過去時。例如: When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 5、by the time 直到時候”。指從過去某一點(diǎn)到從句所示的時間為止的一段時間。如:
110、 By the time we got to his house, he had finished supper. 6、表示意向的動詞, 如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等, 用過去完成時表示 原本,未能。例如: We&
111、#160;had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 單項(xiàng)選擇 1He asked me _ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been
112、 B. where I had gone C. where had I been D.
113、0;where had I gone 2. What _ Jane _ by the time he was sever? A. did, do B. has, done &
114、#160; C did, did. D. had, done 3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。
115、 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learned 4. She _lived here for _ year
116、s. A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of 5. By
117、the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already. Ahad cooked B. cooked C. have coo
118、ked D. was cooked 6. She said she _ the principle already A .has seen B. saw
119、 C. will see D. had seen 7. She said her family _ themselves _ the army during the
120、160;war. A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has
121、160;hidden, with D. had hidden, with 8. By the time he was ten years old,
122、he _. A. has completed university B. has completed the university C.had completed an university D. had completed university 9.
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