2014年版高考英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句的詳解語(yǔ)法練習(xí)題目

1、狀語(yǔ)從句I、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句一、when，while和as1 When既可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)持續(xù)動(dòng)作，也可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)短暫動(dòng)作，可用于主句和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作。如：When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.我住在那里時(shí)，星期天常到海濱去。When the film ended, the people went back. 電影一結(jié)束，看電影的人便回去了。當(dāng)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，而且其主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，其表語(yǔ)又是一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，就可以用以as引出的省略句，來(lái)代替when引出的從句。As a you m

2、an （=When he was a young man），he was fond of hunting。他年輕時(shí)，喜歡打獵。2While引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作必須是持續(xù)的，側(cè)重主句動(dòng)作和從句動(dòng)作相對(duì)比。如：Please dont talk so loud while others are working 別人在工作時(shí)，別高聲談話。While I was wondering at this, our schoolmaster took his place. 正當(dāng)我對(duì)此不解時(shí)，我們校長(zhǎng)就座了。3.as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，多用于主句和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。如：He hurried home, looking be

3、hind as he went. 他匆匆忙忙跑回去一邊走一邊回頭望。John sings as he works 約翰一邊工作，一邊唱歌。4.when還可用作并列連詞，其意義為“那時(shí)，這時(shí)”，相當(dāng)于at this/ that time. 常用于下列句式：Somebody was doing something whenSomebody was about to/ going to do something whenSomebody had just done something when.如：We were having a meeting when someone broke inWe we

4、re about to set off on our way, when it suddenly began to rain.此外When還表示原因“既然”。如：It was foolish of you to make a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.5. while作為并列連詞，意為“而，卻”，表示對(duì)比。He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music.6如果主句表示的是短暫動(dòng)作，而從句用延續(xù)性動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作時(shí)，when, whil

5、e與as可互換使用。如：When/ While/ As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.二、 as soon as, immediately, directly, the moment, the minute, no soonerthan, hardly/ scarcelywhen, once（一旦。就。）這些從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的從句表示從句的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作隨即發(fā)生，常譯為“一。就?！?。從句中一般時(shí)態(tài)代替將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。如： Once you remember it, youll never fo

6、rget it. The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming. No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left. The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.注意：No soonerthan, hardly/ scarcelywhen這一結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)態(tài)搭配no sooner與hardly/ scarcely引導(dǎo)的主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，而than與when的從句中謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，此外，當(dāng)把

7、no sooner和hardly/ scarcely提到句首時(shí)，應(yīng)用倒裝語(yǔ)序。 I had hardly got home when it began to rain. Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.三、till, until和notuntil1 肯定句：主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，主句、從句都為肯定式，意為“某一動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到某點(diǎn)時(shí)間才停止”。如：He remained there until she arrived. 他一直留到她來(lái)。You may stay here until the rain stops. 你在這里可呆到雨停

8、。2 否定句：主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，從句肯定式，意為“某動(dòng)作直到某時(shí)間才開(kāi)始”。如：He wont go to bed till (until) she returns. 直到她回來(lái)他才睡。3 till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：Until you told me I had no idea of it. 直到你告訴我，我才知道這件事。4 Not until句型中的強(qiáng)調(diào)和倒裝說(shuō)法：It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）Not until you told me did I have any

9、idea of it.（not until置于句首主句要倒裝）四、before和since1 若表達(dá)“還未。就?！薄安坏健＞??！薄?。才?！薄俺?，還沒(méi)來(lái)得及”時(shí)，需用連詞before。如：We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. 我們航行了四天四夜才看到陸地。We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. 我們跑了還不到一英里他就累了。Please write it down before you forget it. 趁你現(xiàn)在沒(méi)忘把它記下來(lái)。Before I could get i

10、n a word, he had measured me.我還沒(méi)來(lái)得及插話他就給我量好了尺寸。before從句中謂語(yǔ)不用否定式。又如： Before they reached the station the train had gone. 他們（還沒(méi)）到火車(chē)站前，火車(chē)已開(kāi)走了。2It will be + 段時(shí)間before sb does?！岸嗑弥蟛??！?。如： It will be half a year before I come back. I wont be long before we meet again.3Since從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性的或者是

11、反復(fù)發(fā)生過(guò)的動(dòng)作。Since從句的時(shí)態(tài)若是 一般過(guò)去時(shí)，相應(yīng)地，主句中的時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：I have written home four times since I came here. 自從我到這里來(lái)，我往家寫(xiě)了四封信。 She has been working in this factory since she left school.4在It is +時(shí)間+since從句句型中，時(shí)間的計(jì)算一律從since從句的動(dòng)作完成時(shí)態(tài)或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時(shí)算起。如：It is three years since the war broke out.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)以來(lái)，有三年了。It is th

12、ree years since she was in our class.她離開(kāi)我們班有三年了。It is three years since he lived here他不在這里住有三年了。It is three years since I (have) smoked a cigar.(=since I stopped smoking a cigar)我不吸煙有三年了。 如果譯成“我吸煙有三年了?！睉?yīng)為：It is three years since I began to smoke.5Every time, each time, next time, the first time, any

13、 time, all the time等名詞短語(yǔ)用來(lái)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句， 表示“每當(dāng)。，每次。，下次?！?。如： Every/ Each time I was in trouble, he would come ti help me out. Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed. 她最后一次看到詹姆士時(shí)，他躺在床上。The first time I climbed onto the wall, I felt nervous.Yo

14、u are welcome to come back any time you want to. 你想回來(lái)時(shí)隨時(shí)可回來(lái)。II、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句1引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：where，wherever指具體地點(diǎn)時(shí)，從句可用于主句之前或之后，表示抽象條件的含義時(shí)，從句需放在主句之前。如：We should go where the Party needs us most. You are free to go wherever you like. Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Wherever there is smoke, there

15、 is a fire.（無(wú)火不起煙）無(wú)風(fēng)不起浪。2注意區(qū)別where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句：Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.（狀語(yǔ)從句）Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.（定語(yǔ)從句）III、原因狀語(yǔ)從句1引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：because，as，since，now that，seeing that，considering that，每個(gè)連詞的含義不盡相同。 位置 內(nèi)涵 語(yǔ)氣 能否回答why 能否被強(qiáng)調(diào) becau

16、se因?yàn)?主句前或后 直接因果關(guān)系 強(qiáng) 能 能 as 由于 主句前或后 雙方都知道的原因 弱 不能 不能 since/ now that既然 主句前 雙方都知道的原因 弱 不能 不能如：-Why are you absent from the meeting? -Because I am ill.As it is raining, we shall not to go to the park.Now that/ Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting.2 其他表示原因的方式除了狀語(yǔ)從句外，一些介詞短語(yǔ)同樣可以表示原因，這樣的短語(yǔ)有：bec

17、ause of, thanks to, due to, owing to等。IV、目的狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case, lest等。1 In order that與so that 兩個(gè)連詞都意為“以便、為了”，引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中需用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，in order that比so that正式，引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引導(dǎo)的從句只能置于主句之后。 Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me. In order that we

18、might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.2 For fear that, in case與lest 這些從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用（should）+動(dòng)詞原形，它本身帶有否定意義，相當(dāng)于so thatnot或in order thatnot。如： The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/ for fear that his father should see him. Take your raincoat in case / lest it should rain.V、

19、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句1 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：so that， so。that。， such。that。，在非正式語(yǔ)體中，有so。that/such。that引導(dǎo)的句子中that可以省略，注意其結(jié)構(gòu)形式：so + 形容詞/副詞+ that從句so + 形容詞+ a/ an + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式+ that從句so + many/ much/ few/ little + 名詞+ that從句such + a/ an + 形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式+ that從句such + 形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞形式/不可數(shù)名詞+ that從句such + a lot of/ lots of + 名詞+ that從句如

20、：Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him=Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.試比較：It is not surprising that such little worms eat so little grain.這么小的蟲(chóng)子

21、吃這么少的谷物并不另人感到驚訝。Tom studied very hard so that he passed the exams.湯姆學(xué)習(xí)很用功結(jié)果考試及格了。注：當(dāng)so或such置于句首時(shí)，主句要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。如： So clever was he a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.2除結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)外，（太。而不能。）（達(dá)到某程度可以。）（那么。以致于。）等不定式結(jié)構(gòu)同樣可以表示結(jié)構(gòu)。如： He didnt get up early enough to catch the bus=He got up

22、 too late to catch the bus=He got up so late as to catch the bus.VI、條件狀語(yǔ)從句1引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：if, unless(=ifnot)（除非）so (as) long as（只要）in case（萬(wàn)一）on conditionthat（條件是）suppose/ supposing（假設(shè)，用于問(wèn)句）, provided that等。如： Youll fail the exam unless you study hard.(=if you dont study hard.) As long as you dont l

23、ose heart, you will succeed. Suppose/ Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help. In case there is a fire, what will you do first?2“祈使句+and/ or/ or else/ otherwise”引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果句，祈使句在意義上實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 Use your head, and youll find a way. Hurry up or else (otherwise) youll be late.VII、方

24、式狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：as, as if, as though等 方式狀語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引導(dǎo)的從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，但如果從句中所陳述的情況很可能實(shí)現(xiàn)，也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣。如： Do as you are told to, or youll be fired. The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son. I feel as if I have a fever.VIII、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：1Although/ though（盡管，雖然）even thoug

25、h/ even if（即使）although與though兩者意思相同，一般可互換，都可以與yet或still連用，但不能和but連用。如： He is unhappy though/ although he has a lot of money. Although/ Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.though還可以用作副詞，意為“可是，然而”，置于句末。如：He said he would come, he didnt, though. 他說(shuō)他會(huì)來(lái)，可是他沒(méi)有來(lái)。Even though/ if it

26、 is raining, well go there. （陳述語(yǔ)氣）Even if I were busy, I would go.（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）2 as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句需倒裝as從句一般放在主句之前，須用倒裝語(yǔ)序。從句中的表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形置于句首。若表語(yǔ)是名詞，前置時(shí)要省略冠詞。如：Child as he is, he knows a lot. 盡管他是孩子，他卻懂得很多。Much as I like it I wont buy it, for its too expensive. 雖然我很喜歡，但我不會(huì)買(mǎi)的，因?yàn)樘F了。Try as he might, he could not find

27、 a job. 不管他怎樣努力，他還是找不到工作。3Whetheror（不是。還是。），疑問(wèn)詞+ ever與no matter +疑問(wèn)詞（不管，無(wú)論）。如： Whether you believe it or not, it is true. Whatever(No matter what) you say, he wont believe you. Whoever (No matter who ) you are, you must obey the rules. 注：whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。如： You can ta

28、ke whatever you like.（賓語(yǔ)從句）IX、狀語(yǔ)從句中的緊縮現(xiàn)象1 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中常見(jiàn)的緊縮形式：Dont speak until spoken to. 有人對(duì)你說(shuō)話時(shí)你才說(shuō)。Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦被看見(jiàn)，它便不會(huì)被忘記。While in Beijing, I paid a visit to the SummerPalace. 在北京時(shí)，我參觀了頤和園。Pressure can be reduced when needed. 必要時(shí)壓力可減。I prefer my milk a little sweetened when

29、ever possible. 可能的話，我喜歡牛奶甜點(diǎn)。He was a swimmer when a child. 他小時(shí)侯就是一個(gè)游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員。As a young man, Abraham Lincoln was a storekeeper and a postmaster. 阿伯拉罕。林肯年輕時(shí)當(dāng)過(guò)零售店主和郵政所所長(zhǎng)。He often makes mistakes when speaking English. 說(shuō)英語(yǔ)他常說(shuō)錯(cuò)。She always sings while doing her work. 她干活時(shí)總唱歌。2 條件狀語(yǔ)從句中常見(jiàn)的緊縮形式：Come tomorrow if possible. 可能的話就明天來(lái)吧。If so, you must get back and get it 如果這樣的話，你必須回去