英語單項知識的講解與練習(72)

1、英語單項知識的講解與練習（72）356. background的用法background 背景；例句：He has a strong political background. 他有強大的政治背景。It is wrong to differentiate between people according to their family background.根據(jù)出身不同而區(qū)別待人是不對的。To background themselves, reporters dug through all available files on the case.為掌握有

2、關(guān)背景資料,記者們搜集了對此案有關(guān)的可獲得的所有文件資料。短語：the background of a scene舞臺的后景；the historical background of the event這件事的歷史背景；cloth with red spots on a white background白底紅點的布；recede into the background失勢、不再重要；用法：background的基本意思是“背景”“底色”,主要指圖畫或照片中在主要人物或景象之后起襯托作用的部分。引申可表示“人的背景資料”,主要包括家庭、所屬社會階層、經(jīng)歷、學(xué)歷狀況等。還可表示“背景情況”,指事情

3、發(fā)生時所處的時間、地點和外部環(huán)境等。background主要用作可數(shù)名詞。作“后景；背景”“底色”解時常用作單數(shù)名詞；作“(事態(tài)發(fā)展等的)背景”解時常用作單數(shù)名詞，也可用作不可數(shù)名詞；作“不顯眼的位置；幕后 ”解時只用作單數(shù)名詞。background后接for,of或 to，表示“某方面的背景或經(jīng)歷”。如： He hasnt the background for the job. 前面加against，表示“映襯在背景上”。如： The red flowers stand out in bold relief（顯得鮮艷奪目） against a background of green leav

4、es. 加in，表示“在背景中、在幕后”。如： You ought to keep yourself in the background.練習：The collaps of the World Trade Centre has put US economy in a difficult _. A. occasion B. case C. situationD. background Please remind me of it again tomorrow in _ I forget. A. occasion B. caseC. situationD. backgroundThere is n

5、o _ to doubt the truth of the statement. A. occasion B. caseC. situationD. backgroundHer educational _ contributed greatly to her promotion. A. situation B. environment C. background D. surroundings357. bar的用法bar n.酒吧；條；橫木；柵 vt.禁止；阻撓；閂上；在 . 設(shè)柵欄例句：There are several bars in the hotel. 這家旅館里有

6、好幾個酒吧。A bar of chocolate is enough to stop his crying.一條巧克力就可以讓他不哭了。After the bombing, the whole area was barred to the public.轟炸后，整個地區(qū)禁止公眾通行。I will bar no honest man to my house.我不會阻止任何誠實的人到我家里來。短語：bar from 禁止(接近/做)；bar in關(guān)在里面；bar out 關(guān)在外面；bar up 關(guān)上,攔??；用法：bar作動詞，其賓語后接f

7、rom，表示“禁止”。如：Hunters are barred from wildlife sanctuaries. 作名詞，后接to，表示“誰或什么的障礙物”。如：The law is a bar to crime.bar基本意思是把門閂上,限制某人/物進入或外出,引申可指阻止、禁止、阻擋、封鎖等。bar是及物動詞,接名詞或代詞作賓語。賓語后可加介詞from,表示“禁止(做)”。They barred his participating.(他們禁止他參加。)句中的his不能換成him。bar引申可表示“障礙”，其后常接介詞to。練習：He_ all the doors and windows

8、 of his house. A. banged B. barred C. bared D. barbed After work, the young man and his colleagues went to the nearest _ and sat down at the table for a grand dinner. A. bar B. cafe C. restaurant D. dining-roomPoor health may be a bar _ success in life. A. of B. for C. with D. to The whole

9、 class is here bar two _ are ill.  A. that B. which C. whom D. what Jack wants to be _ when he grows up. A.a bar B.a cousin C.an opponent D.an astronaut358. basis的用法basis基礎(chǔ)、根據(jù)；例句：Toleration was to be the basis on which he was to fight his battles.寬容將是他立足在上面進行戰(zhàn)斗的根基。End the pr

10、actice of awarding business on the basis of a price tag.終止以價格戰(zhàn)挑選供應(yīng)商的行為。The accrual basis differs significantly from cash basis of accounting.應(yīng)計制會計與現(xiàn)金收付實現(xiàn)制會計有著巨大的差別。短語：on the basis of根據(jù),在.的基礎(chǔ)上；without reason;on no basis毫無理由地；a basis for judgment;

11、 a standard or criterion.判斷的依據(jù);標準或原則；pay on a piecework basis.按件計酬；the basis of an argument論據(jù)；用法：basis（基礎(chǔ)） bass（基礎(chǔ)、底部）的復(fù)數(shù)形式都是 bases。后接 for，表示“的根據(jù)”。如： What basis do you have for that statement?練習：Yan'an used to be a revolutionary _ for the Red Army. A. base B. basis C. foundation D. groundOv

12、er two thirds of the population were believed to have no _to the health care in the west rural area in China.  A.aid B.basis C.belief D.access_ the boss is in favor of the scheme, but he thinks improvements need to be made in many aspects. A. On behalf of B. On the basis of C. On the whole D. O

13、n a large scaleWe cannot judge a person simply on the _ of his education. A. condition B. basis C. principle D. base 359. behaviour的用法behaviour行為；舉止；品行例句：His behavior was, in a word, shocking.總之，他的行為是令人震驚的。His behavior called forth sharp criticism.他的行為招致尖銳的批評。His strange beh

14、avior made the police suspicious.他不尋常的舉止引起了警察的懷疑。They observed the behavior of their new pet.他們觀察他們新寵物的生活習性。短語：be on ones good/ best behaviour舉動規(guī)矩；put sb on his best behaviour規(guī)勸（警告）某人要規(guī)規(guī)矩矩；用法：behavior前面加in，表示“在行為方面”。如： He is like a beast in behaviour.（他的行為像一頭野獸）；后接介詞 to，表示“對的態(tài)度”。如： Im

15、 ashamed of his uncouth behavior to the people.（待人的粗野態(tài)度）； 練習：Usually a childs behaviour is a _ of his family environment. A. recognitionB. reflection C. return D. beyondSuch behavior is unacceptable _ a civilized society. A.of B. for C.in D. to The man's unsociable behavior g

16、radually alienated him _ all his friends. A.from B.of C. for D.out of Their behavior _ me shows that they do not like me. A. of B.from C. for D.towards 360. bid的用法bid (n/ v)出價、投標、命令、吩咐；例句：She bid 500 for the painting.她喊價500買這幅畫。Several firms have bid for the contract to

17、 build the new concert hall.有幾家公司投標，爭取建造新音樂廳的合同。He made a bid of 50 for a painting.他為一幅畫出價50英鎊。A bid higher than another bid.過高的出價比其它的價高的出價短語：bid sb good morning祝某人早安；bid welcome to the visitors向來賓表示歡迎；bid fair to有希望；用法：bid作動詞，其賓語后接for，賓語為金錢，介詞賓語為物，表示“出價購買”。如：I bid ten dollars fo

18、r that picture. 后直接跟for或 on，表示“提出價格以承做某事、投標、喊價”。如：She bid frantically for the old chair. 作名詞，后接for或 on，表示“對的出價或喊價”。如：He made the highest bid for 7 dollars on the table.bid作“命令; 吩咐”解時,可接動詞不定式作其賓語的補足語,且動詞不定式多不帶to,如果用于被動結(jié)構(gòu),則一定要把to加上。bid表示“向致(問候或告別語)”時,其后可接雙賓語,其間接賓語可以轉(zhuǎn)化為介詞to(不可為for)的賓語。bid后偶爾也可接從句,但從句中必須用虛擬語氣。bid后如果搭用的是個被動語態(tài)的不定式動詞,只能省去to,不能省去be。例如:我叫他們?nèi)聛?。誤:I bade all of them seated.正:I bade all of them be seated.練習：The chairman asked the members to_their votes for or against the proposal. A. bid B. offer C. cast D. throw They put in the highest _ for the house. A. cur