動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)9年級(jí)適用匯總

1、13初中英語動(dòng)詞驗(yàn)一、考點(diǎn)直擊1. 動(dòng)詞的八種時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法;2. 動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法；3. 非謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成及用法；4. 近義動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別。、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)及用法英語時(shí)態(tài)用共有十六種時(shí)態(tài)，其中常用的有8種，它們是：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)和過去將來時(shí)。一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的基本用法姿1）經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用。時(shí)間狀語：every ,sometimes, at ,on Sun day典型例題I leave home for school at 7 every morning.惟2）客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。

2、典型例題 The earth moves around the sun.Shan ghai lies in the east of China.®3）表示格言或警句中。典型例題P ride goes before a fall.般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例：Columbus Proved that the earth is round.®4）現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。典型例題I don't want so much.5) 某些動(dòng)詞女 0 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start 等，在典

3、型例題一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)句中可用來表示將來肯定會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。The train comes at 3 o'clock.典型例題6）在時(shí)間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。 ril help you as soon as you have p roblem.Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him.W二、一般過去時(shí)的用法表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，通常一般過去式帶有表示動(dòng)作時(shí)間狀語的詞，詞組或從句，如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等，上下文

4、清楚時(shí)可以不帶時(shí)間狀語。I worked in that factory last year.®【注意】1）過去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可用 used to或 would加動(dòng)詞原形來表達(dá)。典型例題I used to go fish ing on Sun days.2）“ used也可用于表示過去曾經(jīng)存在過的狀態(tài)。典型例題This river used to be clea n.取三、一般將來時(shí)的用法1）表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。典型例題I shall atte nd the meet ing tomorrow. 2）表示將來反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。典型例題He will go to s

5、ee his mother every Saturdays.巒 3）表示將來的意愿，決心，許諾, 第一人稱時(shí)，常用 shall。命令等時(shí)常用will，征求對(duì)方意見，主語是典型例題 I will do my best to catch up with them.Shall I open the door?巒4） be + going +動(dòng)詞不定式。也是一種將來時(shí)句型，表示打算，計(jì)劃，最近或?qū)硪鞯哪呈?。典型例題I am going to Beiji ng n ext week.5） be +動(dòng)詞不定式。表示有職責(zé)，義務(wù)，可能，約定，意圖等。典型例題There is to be a meet i

6、ng this after noon.We are to meet the guests at the stati on.典型例題6） be about +動(dòng)詞不定式，表示馬上，很快作某事。They are about to leave.®三現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法它注重現(xiàn)在筋1）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法表示說話者說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生或者進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而不管動(dòng)作從什么時(shí)間開始，到什么時(shí)間結(jié)束。典型例題IWhat are you doing now? I am look ing for my key.2）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（但說話時(shí)這個(gè)動(dòng)作不一定在進(jìn)行）。典型例題The

7、 stude nts are preparing for the exam in ati on.翌3）某些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，這些動(dòng)詞有arrive, come,leave, start 等。典型例題iThey are going to Hong Kong tomorrow. 表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，尤其是靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如：be, have 表示認(rèn)識(shí)、知覺和情感的動(dòng)詞，如：know, thi nk, hear, find, see, like, want, wish,prefer 等。取四、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示在說話之前已經(jīng)完成或剛完成的動(dòng)作。典型例題'll ha

8、ve bought a ten-speed bicycle.They have clea ned the classroom.2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或者還有可能持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀 態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與for和since引導(dǎo)的短語或從句連用。典型例題We have lived here since 1976.They have waited for more tha n two hours.過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響；一般過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用。試比較：典型例題1 saw

9、this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了，不涉及現(xiàn)在）I have seen this film.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了?；蛭?、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。典型例題I was watch ing TV whe n she came to see me.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)都是過去發(fā)生的事情，但過去進(jìn)行時(shí)側(cè)重表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連續(xù)進(jìn)行，而一般過去時(shí)則表示單純的過去事實(shí)。不知）典型例題They were buildi ng a house last mon th.（上個(gè)月正在建造，建造好與否They

10、 built a new house last mon th.（上個(gè)月建造好了，動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成）過去將來時(shí)較多地被look after, think of, take care“ to的情況to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，該不定式前要加"to"。feel, hear, help, liste n to, look at, make, observe, see, no tice,取六、過去完成時(shí)的用法過去完成時(shí)常過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài), 和by , before等詞組成的短語和從句連用。典型例題_ _ ' W/e had alrea

11、dy learned two thousand words by the end of last year. When we arrived at the stati on, they had waited for more tha n twenty minu tes.取七、過去將來時(shí)的用法過去將來時(shí)表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在地狀態(tài), 運(yùn)用在賓語從句中。典型例題They were going to have a meeti ng.I told him that I would see him off at the stati on.-ST三、動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)語態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語

12、態(tài)。主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者為主動(dòng)語態(tài)；主語是動(dòng)作的接受者為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。2被動(dòng)語態(tài)1）被動(dòng)語態(tài)最基本的句型結(jié)構(gòu)是：be +及物動(dòng)詞過去分詞2）被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的謂語動(dòng)詞一定要是及物動(dòng)詞因?yàn)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，某些短語動(dòng)詞如of, work out, laugh at等，也可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。The childre n were take n good care of by her.®【注意】 短語動(dòng)詞中的介詞或副詞變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)不可遺漏。3）主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)要加若賓語補(bǔ)足語是不帶 此類動(dòng)詞為感官動(dòng)詞，女口：watch等。例如：The teacher made me go out of t

13、he classroom.I was made to go out of the classroom （by the teacher）.4）主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義如wash, clean, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell 等動(dòng)詞雖然用做主動(dòng)形 式卻表示被動(dòng)的意義。例如：The food tastes good.對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn)是：感官動(dòng)詞后不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語和動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法；一些特殊動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)不帶to,但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)就要帶 to;有些動(dòng)詞既可接不定式也可接動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語，但表

14、達(dá)的意思不同。這些都是歷年中考的重點(diǎn)。（1）非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式非謂語動(dòng)詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動(dòng)詞形式，而不是作謂語的動(dòng)詞形式。動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式分為動(dòng)名詞，分詞，動(dòng)詞不定式。（2）不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語Father will not allow us to p lay on the street.（3）不定式作目的狀語He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.（4）用不定式和分詞作補(bǔ)足語都可以的動(dòng)詞這樣的動(dòng)詞有感官動(dòng)詞如：see, hear, look, notice, observe, feel等，使役動(dòng)詞如：have, make,leave

15、, keep, get等。接不定式表示動(dòng)作的完整性，真實(shí)性；+doing表示動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性，進(jìn)行性。I saw him work in the garde n yesterday.昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)"我看見了 ”這個(gè)事實(shí)）I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)”我見他正干活”這個(gè)動(dòng)作） 昨天我見他正在花園里干活。（5）用不帶to不定式的情況使役動(dòng)詞如：let, have, make 等和感官動(dòng)詞如：see, watch, hear, liste n to, smell, feel, find等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。在被動(dòng)

16、語態(tài)中則to不能省掉。（6）接動(dòng)名詞與不定式意義不同1) sto P to dostop doing2) forget to doforget doing停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。 停止做某事。（未做）（已做）（未做）（已做）忘記要去做某事。 忘記做過某事。努力，企圖做某事。試驗(yàn)，試著做某事。做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。 繼續(xù)做原來做的事。打算、想意味著3) remember to do記得去做某事 remember doing 記得做過某事4) try to dotry doing5) go on to dogo on doing6) mean to domea n doing五、容

17、易混淆的常用動(dòng)詞的辨析(1) say, speak, talk, tell 的用法。1) say表示講話，作為及物動(dòng)詞使用，后跟賓語或賓語從句。He said he would go there.It's time to leave. We have to say goodbye to you.2) speak表示講話” 一般作為不及物動(dòng)詞使用，而有時(shí)作為及物動(dòng)詞后面跟上各種 語言作為賓語。Do you sp eak En glish?May I sp eak to Mr Pope, please?3) talk表示 談話”是不及物動(dòng)詞，與to , about, with等連用，才可以

18、接賓語。What are you talk ing about?Mr Jacks on is talk ing with my father in the office now.4) tell表示告訴，講述”是及物動(dòng)詞，可以帶雙賓語或復(fù)合賓語。She told us an in teresti ng story yesterday.My teacher told me that we would have an En glish exam the n ext mon th.(2) look, see, watch 和 watch 的用法。1) look強(qiáng)調(diào) 看”這個(gè)動(dòng)作，是不及物動(dòng)詞，常與at

19、連用，然后接賓語。Look! The girl is swimmi ng in the lake.Look at the picture carefully. Can you find someth ing unu sual?2) see指 看見”某物，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是結(jié)果。They can't see the words on the blackboard.Does Lily ofte n go to see a film on Sun day?3) watch指的是 觀看” 注視”之意。The twins are watch ing TV now.He will go to watch a

20、 volleyball match.4) read指 看書”、看報(bào)” 閱讀”之意。Don't read in the sun.I like to read n ews papers whe n I am free. borrow, lend 和 keep 的區(qū)別。1) borrow意思為借入”常常與from連用，是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示瞬間即能完成的 動(dòng)作。Meimei borrowed a book from the library just now.May I borrow your dict ion ary?2) lend是借出”之意，常常與to連用，同borrow 一樣，是非延續(xù)性

21、動(dòng)詞，只表示 瞬間即能完成的動(dòng)作。Un cle Wany has lent his car to Mr Li.Could you lend us your radio, p lease?3) keep是 保存”的意思，動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)。How long can the recorder be kept?The farmer kept the pat for two weeks.(4) bring, take, carry 和 get 的用法。1) bring意思為 拿來”、帶來”。指將某物或某人從別處帶來”。Bring me the book, please.May I bring Jim to

22、see you next Saturday?2) take意思是 拿走”，帶走”，把某物或某人從這里帶來”或 拿到”某處之意。It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you.Mother took the little girl to the next room.3) carry 是 “帶著、搬運(yùn)、攜帶 ”的意思，指隨身攜帶，有背著、扛著、抱著、提著的 含義，不表明來去的方向。Do you always carry a handbag?The box is heavy. Can you carry it?4) get 是去某處將某物拿回來。Please

23、 go to my office to get some chalk.There is no water in the bottle. Why not get some?(5) wear, put on 和 dress 的區(qū)別1) wear 是“穿著 ”戴著”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首 飾等，強(qiáng)調(diào) “穿著 ”的狀態(tài)。Tom always wears black shoes.He wears a raincoat even when it is fine.She doesn't like to wear a red flowers in her hair.2)

24、put on 是“穿上”戴上”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。著重于穿戴的動(dòng) 作。It's cold. You'd better put on your coat.He put on his hat and went out of the room.3）dress可以作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞，有 穿著”打扮”的意思。作 穿著”解時(shí)，只 用于穿衣服，不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。作為及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，它的賓語是人，不 是衣服。dress sb.（給某人穿衣服），而wear作穿著”用時(shí)，也是及物動(dòng)詞，但它的 賓語是物，不是人，即 wear sth.（穿著衣物）。She always d

25、resses well.Get up and dress quickly.Mary is dressing her child.(6) take, spend 和 use 的用法。1) take 指做某事用多少時(shí)間，句型是： It takes/took/ will take + sb. +some time + to do sth.It took me three days to finish the work.It will take you a while week to travel thought the forest.It takes only one hour to fly to

26、Shanghai.2) spend 指某人在某事(物)上花費(fèi)時(shí)間或錢。句型是：Someone spends + money/time + on something(in) doing sth.She spent more than 500 yuan on that coat.He didn't spend much time on his lessons.He spent much time (in) correcting students' exercises.Mother spent her evenings (in) washing clothes.3) use 表示使用

27、工具、手段等。Do you know how to use the computer?Shall we use your car?(7)reach, get 和 arrive 的區(qū)別。1) reach是及物動(dòng)詞，后面要直接跟表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作賓語。After the train had left, they reached the stati onWe reached the top of the mountain at last.2) get是不及動(dòng)詞，常與to連用，再接名詞，后面接表示地點(diǎn)的副詞時(shí)，不用 get to常用于口語中。When the stude nts got to the c

28、in ema, the film had begu n.My sister was cook ing whe n mother got home.3) arrive是不及物動(dòng)詞，表示到達(dá)一個(gè)小地方時(shí)，用arrive in。to.arrive at,到達(dá)一個(gè)大地方時(shí)用The soldiers arrived at a small villageThe foreig ners will arrive in Shan ghai tomorrow.一.單項(xiàng)填空1. Liste n! Some of the girlsA. are talki ngB. talkC. will talkD. talked

29、2. Our teacher, Miss Che n,A. teachesC. will teachabout Harry Potter. Let's join them.3. I don t think IEn glish on the radio the day bore yesterday.B. taughtD. had taught you in that dress before.A. have see nB. was see ingC. sawD. see4. Susan parents have bought a large house with a swimming p

30、ool. It expen sive.A. must B. can C. mustn D. can t5. Coffee is ready. How nice it! Would you like some?A. looks B. smells C. sounds D. feels6. “ Mr. Zhu, you ' d bettertom ©aucYou are already over weight,A. not to eat B. to eat C. not eat D. eat7. “ Don t always make Michaelthis or that. H

31、e is already a big boy, dear,said to his wife.A. do B. to do C. does D. did8. Sorry, I can t hear you clearly. Will you pl easewrite it dow n.A. review B. recite C. report D. rep eat9. Don tyour coat, Tom! ItA. take away B. take off C. take dow n10. Yougo and ask Meimei. She _d betteryoumail address

32、? I's easy to catch cold in spring.D. take outknow the an swer.beIIverysaid the doctor.” MrA. must; can B. must; may C. n eed; can D. can; may二. 閱讀短文，并用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。My name is Wang Bi ng. I ' m from Chi na. Now I1(study)at this school. I2 (arrive) here on January 8. Since then, I 3(make) a

33、 lot offrien ds. At school we sp eak En glish all the time. Next week, some new stude nts from Africa, Asiaand Latin America4(come) to our school. I' mrvawtlgsatteoause I enjoy5(meet) people from other coun tries.(ride) the waves.三. 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. No matter what the weather is like, you can alwa

34、ys find surfers out2. -What do you use the key for?-It is(use) for making the robot work.3. No news(be) good news. I' m sure Jane is still all right.4. -Are you feeli ng better these days?-Yes, much better. Ias well as these days for a long time.5. It(rain) heavily, you ' d better not go out now.四.用方框中所給的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組的適當(dāng)形式填入下列句子里，使其意思通順，每個(gè)動(dòng)詞 或動(dòng)詞詞組只能用一次Allow, fall, n