高考復習高中英語五大基本句型

1、英語簡單句的五大基本句型學習目標了解英語簡單句的五大基本句型。能夠準確判斷出簡單句的句型。通過練習熟悉五大句型。自學指導句子結構分類句子結構分類簡單句（Simple Sentences）包含一套主謂結構的句子并列句（Compound Sentences）包含兩個或兩個以上主謂結構的句子且句子之間有并列連詞and/but等或用分號連接復合句（Complex Sentences）包含一個主句和一個從句或一個主句和多個從句的句子，且從句用從屬連詞引導簡單句的基本句型（Basic Sentence Patterns） 英語句子有長有短，有簡有繁，從現(xiàn)象看，似乎千變?nèi)f化，難以捉摸，但從實質(zhì)看，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)其

2、內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，找出其共同規(guī)律。英語句子的基本結構可以歸納成五中基本句型。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結構的基礎。1. 主謂句型（主語 + 不及物動詞）S + Vi. 1.1 Great changes have taken place. 1.2 Weall breathe, eat and drink.1.3 The blind study in special schools.1.4 Fighting broke out between the South and North.1.5 To tell the truth always pays.1.6 What he said does

3、nt matter.以上例句中的斜體部分是句子的_語。主語是一個句子的主題，是句子所述說的主體。它的位置一般在一句之首?？捎米髦髡Z的有_, _, _, _, _等等。謂語動詞說明主語的動作和狀態(tài)。以上例句中，我們不難看出，句子的謂語動詞是不及物動詞，這些不及物動詞可以是單個動詞也可以是短語，由此，可以歸納出這些例句都屬于_ 句型。此句型的特點是謂語動詞是不及物動詞，本身能表達完整的意思，后面不需要跟賓語，但有時可跟副詞、介詞短語等做狀語。如：He laughted.John has read widely.He lives in London.【練一練】找出下列句子的主語并注意謂語動詞。1）

4、Two days passed.2） The war ended peacefully.3） The girl came in quietly.4） The group of children went there on foot.5） It is blowing.6） Everybody is now studying hard.7） The story spread all over the town.8） The book sells well.9） We live to devote.10） The sun has risen.2. 主謂賓句型（主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語） S +

5、Vt. + O2.1 I like China.2.2 He hates you.2.3 -How many do you need?-I need two.2.4 We should help the old and the poor.2.5 I like working with you.2.6 I hope to see you again.2.7 Did you write down what he said?2.8 Im looking forward to hearing from you.2.9 It took me a while to adapt to the job.2.1

6、0 He looks after his little daughter on Sundays分析以上例句，可以看出斜體部分是句子的_語。句子的賓語可以由_, _, _, _, _, _等充當，它表示及物動詞或及物動詞短語的對象或內(nèi)容?；蛘哂糜诮樵~后構成介詞短語。句子的謂語動詞可以是單個的動詞也可以是短語，如例句中的look forward to, look after等。這類句型即_句型。此句型的特點是謂語動詞是及物動詞，不能表達完整的意思，必須跟有一個賓語。如：Our team beat all the others.【練一練】翻譯下列句子，并指出句子的主干（主謂賓）1）I ride a

7、bike to school.2）Youd better follow my advice.3）Do you mind my smoking.4）You should practice writing more.5）The room needs painting.6）Do remember to lock the door.3. 主系表句型（主語 + 系動詞 + 表語） S + Link.V + P3.1 He is a teacher.3.2 The best composition is hers.3.3 Five and five is ten.3.4 He is asleep.3.5

8、His father is thin.3.6 The picture is on the wall.3.7 My watch is gone/lost/missing.3.8 To see is to believe.3.9 The question is whether they will come.以上例句中的斜體部分是句子的_語。表語說明主語的性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)，特征或身份。通常由_, _, _, _, _, _等充當。以上句型屬于_句型。 此句型的特點是謂語動詞是連系動詞，不能表達完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語特征、身份、狀態(tài)的表語。本句型中，系動詞除了be以外，還可以是： 1). Seve

9、ral players lay flat on the playground. 2). We should remain modestany time. 3). The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance. 4). It is getting warmer and warmer. 5). Dont have the food. It has gone bad. 6) The facts prove true. 7). The rose smells sweet. 以上系動詞可以分類為：感覺（feel, look, smell,

10、taste, sound）; 仍然（remain, continue, stay, keep）; 變成（become, come, go, get, turn, grow）; 似乎（seem; appear）;證明是（prove, turn out） 【練一練】 在空白處填上合適的系動詞使句意完整。1） Failure _the mother of success. 失敗乃成功之母。2） The flower _ pleasant. 這花聞起來很香。3） I dont _ well today. 今天我感覺不舒服。4） Getting up early _ good to ones healt

11、h. 早起對健康有益。5） I _ angry about it. 我對此十分生氣。6） _ careful of your health. 小心你的健康。7） Mr. blacks face slowly _ red. 布萊克的臉慢慢變紅了。8） The plan _ very practical. 這個計劃聽起來很實際。9） His experiment _ to be successful。 他的實驗證明是成功的。4. 主謂雙賓句型（主語 + 及物動詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語） S + Vt. + Oi + Od4.1 She ordered herselfa new dress.4

12、.2 She cooked her husbanda delicious meal.4.3 He brought youa dictionary.4.4 He denies hernothing.4.5 I showed himmy picture.4.6 I gave my cara wash.4.7 I told him the bus was late.4.8 He showed mehow to run the machine.仔細觀察以上例句，可以看出，斜體部分是句子的賓語，下劃線部分也是句子的_語，也就是一個句子中有兩個_語。不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，斜體部分為“人或者物”，稱為間接賓語；下劃線部

13、分為“物或者事”，稱為直接賓語。這類句型叫做_句型。此句型的特點是謂語動詞是及物動詞，后面跟有兩個賓語，這兩個賓語都是動作的對象或承受者，其中指人的是間接賓語，指物的是直接賓語。當間接賓語放在直接賓語之后時，通常需要介詞for或to?？筛p賓語的動詞有：answer, bring, buy, find, get, give, lend, make, pass, pay, send, show, sing, take, teach, tell, write等。如： Mr. Li told us an interesting story. Would you please give this di

14、ctionary to Li Hua.? She ordered a new dress for herself.I showed my picture to him.【練一練】改寫句子，不改變句意。1） He gave me a red rose. = _.2） She made me a beautiful dress. = _.3） He brings cookies to me every day. = _.4） My father bought my sister a personal computer. = _.5） He never lends his car to others

15、. = _.6） Show me your license. = _.7） Can you spare the children some minutes? = _.8） The police offer 3 meals a day to the prisoners. = _.5. 主謂賓補句型（主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 + 賓語補足語） S + Vt. + O + C5.1 They named the child Jim.5.2 He boiled the egg hard.5.3 He painted the door green.5.4 I found the book very

16、interesting.5.5 We saw him out.5.6 The comrades wanted Dr. Bethune to take over.5.7 I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul. 我把這個叫做拆東墻補西墻。分析以上句子，可以看出，動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思，必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語才能使意思完整，這個補充成分叫做_語。(斜體部分即賓語的補足語)，可以用作賓語補足語的有_, _, _, _, _等。這個句型稱作_句型。此句型的特點是謂語動詞后雖然跟有一個賓語，但意思還不完整，必須加上另外一個成分

17、（賓語補足語）對賓語進行補充說明。常用于這個句型的動詞有：1） 感官動詞：see, notice, observe, watch, hear, listen to, feel, find, smell2） 使役動詞：have, let, make, get3） 表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞：consider, think, believe, find, imagine, suppose, prove4） 表示情感狀態(tài)的動詞：love, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect5) 動詞keep/leave使/讓保持某種狀態(tài)We must keep our school clean

18、.They made him their monitor. 6. 復雜句式都是由這五種基本句型拓展而成。如果在名詞或代詞前或后面加上詞，短語或者句子來修飾，那么這些修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞，詞組或句子就是定語。 如：6.1 He is a chemistry teacher.6.2 We belong to the third world.6.3 He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.6.4 The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.6.5 The boys playing footbal

19、l are in Class 2.6.6 You should do everything that I do.6.7 I have an idea to do it well.通過以上例句可以看出，用作定語的可以是名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，形容詞，介詞短語，動名詞，分詞，不定式或從句。7. 在英語中，修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞以及全句的成分叫狀語。如：7.1 The girl is improving remarkably.7.2 He ran for shelter.7.3 Because he was ill, Tom lost his job.可以用作狀語的有副詞，分詞，不定式，介詞短語或從句。句

20、子成分詳解一覽表及巧記口訣句子成分意義及位置充當詞類例句主語The Subject表示句子說的是“什么人”或“什么事”。通常在句子前部。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、短語或句子。We study in No. 17 middle school.Jim is an American boy.Two heads are better than one.謂語The Predicate說明主語“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么樣”。通常在主語后（除疑問、倒裝句外）。由動詞或動詞詞組充當。Time tries all thing.(時間檢驗一切）Lucy is dancing under the tree

21、.Her parents are both workers.賓語The Object表示動作、行為的對象。在及物動詞或介詞后。同主語的充當詞類Love me, love my dog. (愛屋及烏）These girls like English.Did you see him yesterday?表語The Predicate與系動詞連用，一起構成謂語部分、說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征。常在系動詞之后。同主語的充當詞類His father is a bus driver.My car is white.We were at school yesterday.Health is wealth. (健康

22、就是財富。）定語The Attribute用來修飾名詞或代詞。單個詞常在修飾的詞前，短語或句子在被修飾的詞之后。形、代、數(shù)、名、介詞短語或相當于形容詞的詞或短語。The red one is mine.What is his name?A friend in need is a friend indeed. (患難見真情。）狀語The Attribute修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，表示動作發(fā)生的時間、地點、目的、方式等。位置較靈活。通常由副詞、介詞短語或相當于副詞的詞或短語來表示。Our teacher works very hard.She often helps Mike.They had a

23、 meeting in Shanghai.賓語補足語The Object Complement賓語的補足語，邏輯上與賓語是“主謂”關系。在賓語后。由形容詞、名詞、介詞短語等充當。We named the baby Lily.She made the room clean.同位語The Appostive重復指代并進一步說明名詞及名詞性詞語。在被修飾詞后。名詞、名詞性短語、從句等。They all work hard.John, a friend of hers, has gone.主語謂語是基礎，賓表定狀補輔助。賓主來自名代數(shù)，動詞作謂不可無。自主檢測分析下列句子屬于基本句型的哪一種？1. O

24、ur school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you. 3. All o us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather brought me a pair of sports shoes. 5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city. 7. I love you more than her, child. 8. Trees turn gre

25、en when spring comes 9. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 10. They pushed the door open. 11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12. All the students think highly of this teaching. 13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song. 15.

26、 Dont get nervous. 16. We will make our school more beautiful. 17. He didnt come. That is why he didnt know. 18. She showed us her many of her pictures. 19. The old man lives a lonely life. 20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town. 當堂訓練指出下面句子分別屬于哪個句型I will spend this summ

27、er holiday in the countryside.In the modern city, there are some problems, such as air pollution, crowdness and noise.In the countryside I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life.There, the air is fresh and the water is clean.I can hear birds singing in the green trees.I can also go boating, fishing, and swimming in the lake.All this will be interesting and good for my health.So I want to go to the countryside for a change. 1. ( S + V ) _2. ( S + V +O ) _3. ( S + V + C ) _4. ( S + V + IO + DO ) _5. ( S + V + O + C ) _6