定語(yǔ)從句講義(教師版)

1、模塊簡(jiǎn)介主要應(yīng)用：本模塊主要考察引導(dǎo)詞的應(yīng)用，隨著高考英語(yǔ)的改革，英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的考點(diǎn)也有所改變，現(xiàn)在主要應(yīng)用在短文改錯(cuò)和語(yǔ)法填空中模塊等級(jí)：本模塊難度中等，學(xué)生的基礎(chǔ)稍微弱一些也可以接受,基礎(chǔ)弱的學(xué)生需要 5-8課時(shí)（2h/課）不等，中等學(xué)生3課時(shí)（2h/課）可以基本掌握，基礎(chǔ)好的學(xué)生1-2課時(shí)（2h/課）可以搞定知識(shí)分布：每節(jié)課需要先講解10個(gè)高考重點(diǎn)詞匯辨析，之后講解語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，語(yǔ)法知識(shí)中的例句與練習(xí)題可以相應(yīng)練習(xí)本堂課程中的重點(diǎn)詞匯，從而達(dá)到復(fù)習(xí)的效果習(xí)題分布：習(xí)題包括08-14年高考題，遼寧省模擬題并且平均練習(xí)各個(gè)考點(diǎn)通關(guān)確保：本部分習(xí)題為課后作業(yè),分為牛刀小試,略有所成,爐火純青等不同難度

2、的單項(xiàng)選擇還包括語(yǔ)法填空與短文改錯(cuò)從而達(dá)到最高效的練習(xí)易混模塊：本模塊容易與名詞性從句狀語(yǔ)從句混淆,所以三大從句講解完畢之后會(huì)配有知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)與習(xí)題練習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句一、定語(yǔ)從句的相關(guān)概念【知識(shí)清單】【考點(diǎn)一】句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單句(只有一套主謂結(jié)構(gòu))(1)主.謂I sleep.(2)主.謂.賓I study English.(4)主.謂.間賓.直賓He gave me anoffer.(3)主.謂.賓.賓補(bǔ)He makes medelighted.(即雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu))(人一般為間接賓語(yǔ)，物為直接賓語(yǔ)) 主.系.表I am a teacher.復(fù)合句(有兩套或兩套以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu))The girl is beaut

3、iful. ：.I二:合并為一句話- The girl has long hair. -口 (1) 并歹U句表遞進(jìn)：and. not only.but also. neither.norShe not only dances well but also sings well.Neither do I know his address, nor do my parents.表選擇：or. Either.or.You can stay here ,or you can leave.Either you leave or I leave.表轉(zhuǎn)折：but. Yet. Whereas(然而).Some

4、men are rich, whereas others are poor.He tried his best, but he failed.表因果：so. For.I must be off now, for my sister is waiting for me.I work hard, so I was able to pass the exam.(2)復(fù)七句 定語(yǔ)從句：The A girl (who has 10ng hair ) is beautiful.beoulifuJ-劃線部分作用相同，即定語(yǔ)從句起到形容詞的作用狀語(yǔ)從句：（時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、讓步、目的、結(jié)果、方式、比較I

5、 always want to eat something tasty recently.作用相同，即狀從起副詞作用I always want to eat something tasty when I ' m hungry名詞性從句：(主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句)The news made me crazy.名詞the news和主語(yǔ)從句作用相同，皆充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，即名詞性從句起名詞作用(What he said) made me crazy.【考點(diǎn)二】定語(yǔ)從句基本概念定語(yǔ)：相當(dāng)于adj.,修飾主句中的名詞或代詞定語(yǔ)從句：相當(dāng)于adj.,只不過(guò)形式是一個(gè)句子基本構(gòu)成：The

6、girl(whohas long hair) is beautiful.«先行詞關(guān)系詞n.&pron,& 一句話 作用：(1)連接作用(2)替代作用(替代先行詞)(3)作句子中的成分一that、 as、which、who、whom、whose:關(guān)系代詞 TS當(dāng)主、賓、表、定when、where、why :關(guān)系副詞 *充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ) 一*注：定從的關(guān)系詞沒(méi)有 what和how,在定從中，它們就像過(guò)街的老鼠，人人喊打，出現(xiàn)就將其pass【考點(diǎn)三】定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞的判斷方式定從：n+(+ Vi)+V2 注：根據(jù)動(dòng)詞劃分句子是三大從句的基本判斷方法先行詞：能夠放入到從句中構(gòu)成一句話

7、(可加介詞和所有格)【基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)】1.1 deliver some flowers to a woman _ that/who always appears in my dreams.2. Don ' t stare at the girl that/who is my younger sister.3. I prefer to take a bus rather than take a taxi that/whichis more expensive than the former.4. The story is very moving_ that/which_ is based on

8、 a real event.5. The house where I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building.二、關(guān)系代詞的辨別【知識(shí)清單】【考點(diǎn)一】who指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的【考點(diǎn)二】whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，?？墒÷訥reen is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.令注：who與whom都可做賓語(yǔ)，但

9、是若前面有介詞，只能用whom,其他情況兩者通用The man ( whom / who/that/ 不填 )you met just now is my old friend.【考點(diǎn)三】whose指誰(shuí)的，做先行詞的定語(yǔ)指人時(shí)： whose+名詞=of whom+the+名詞 =the+名詞+of whom指物時(shí)：whose+名詞=of which+the+ 名詞=the+名詞 +of which【基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)】1. I've become good friends with several of the students in my school _ that/who/whom_ I m

10、et in the English speech contestlast year.2. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _ whom left their village homes for a better lifein the city.3. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of thosewhose lives were affected.4. The people _who/that are required to atte

11、nd the meeting should turn up on time.5. The goods_that/which I bought on the Single Day was transported from Beijing.【考點(diǎn)四】which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷訤ootball is a game which is liked by most boys. (注： 填 which、that)Football is a game which most boys like. (注： which/that/ 不填者B 可)注:注前面用一句話做先行詞，用關(guān)系代詞

12、which/as引導(dǎo)(常用在非限制定語(yǔ)從句中)【考點(diǎn)五】as指人或物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)一般不可省略令注：which和as的區(qū)別(1)當(dāng)先行詞有 such、the same修飾時(shí)用asI've never heard such stories as he tells.令 注：such as 與 such that 的區(qū)另U:Tom is such a boy _as_ everyone likes.such.as 弓 I 導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句Tom is such a boy _thai_ everyone likes him. such.that 弓I導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 從句中如

13、果缺成分用I aS,不缺成分用that(2)當(dāng)翻譯成正如”時(shí)，用asHe opposed the idea, as could be expected.(3) as意為"正如，好像“，位置靈活，which位于先行詞后 注：定從中，句首設(shè)空必選as.As we all know/ As is known to us all, Yao Ming is famous for basketball as a basketball player to usYao Ming, As we all know, is famous for basketball as a basketball pla

14、yer to usYao Ming is famous for basketball as a basketball player to us,as/which we all know【基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)】1. The air quality in the city,as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.2. A lot of language learning,as_has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents s

15、houldtalk much to their children during that period.3. Finally he reached a lonely island _ which/that was completely cut off from the outside world.4. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _ whichmade one of the Chinese people'slong held dreams come true.5. He recovers his

16、confidencewhich/that makes him live a better life.【考點(diǎn)六】that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或whom ;指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷訷esterday I received a letter that/which came from Australia.The person (that/whom) you introduced to me is very kind.注：(1)只用that,不用which的情況(最序不表疑，免重人物重)：a、當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)用thatThi

17、s is the most interesting film that I've ever seen.當(dāng)先行詞前有 only、the very、any、few.等修飾時(shí)用thatThis is the very bus that I'm waiting for.He is the only man that I want to marry.b、當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或它前面有序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)用thatThis train is the last that will go to Beijing.c、當(dāng)先行詞是指物的不定代詞everything > anything > noth

18、ing > the one等時(shí)用thatDo you have anything that you want to say for yourself?d、當(dāng)主從句都是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.e、當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)詞 who/which時(shí)用thatWhich is the bike that you lose ?Who is the boy that you want to go together ?f、當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)用thatDo you know the things and persons

19、 that they are talking about.（2）絕不用that:a、prep.（介詞）后絕不用 that,指人用whom,指物用whichb、逗號(hào)后（即非限制定語(yǔ)從句中）絕不用 that*I注：that只用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，可指物/人which用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句中和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，只能指物令注：最?？嫉氖谴咝?恰恰”前提條件：先行詞是物”、缺賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略【基礎(chǔ)演練】1. This is the most amazing park _thatI have ever seen.2.In my opinion, it ' s a rare vase that/whic

20、h most people can ' t afford.3.1 am involved in an activity _ _that/which_ benefits me a lot.3.2 am upset with the peoplethat/who will be late.5.The headmaster recognized the thief that/who/whom/_ _ the police arrested.【題型分類典題精講】【牛刀小試】1、Which of the two sheep you keep produces more milk?A. which

21、B. theyC. whatD. that2、He is not such a man would leave his work half done.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. as3、I want to use the same tools used in your factory a few days ago.A. as wasB. which wasC. as wereD. which4、Researchers are engaged in developing new energy cars are bright with enormousmarket potent

22、ial.A. that are believed B. which the experts believe C. the experts believe that D. the experts believe5、The planes rush us to destinations around the globe contribute to global warming,is often ignored by the publicA. that; whatB. what; whichC. what; asD. that; which6、He talked a lot about things

23、and persons they remembered in the school.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. what7、He is good at English,we all know.A. thatB. asC. whomD. what8、The place interested me most was the Children's Palace.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. in which9、Women drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance o

24、f having heartdisease than those don ' t.A who;/B /; whoC who; whoD /; /【群英薈萃】1、 2013 陜西is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.A. ItB. ThatC. WhatD. As2、2011 陜西The old temple roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.A. whereB. whichC. itsD. whose3、201

25、3 遼寧He may win the competition,he is likely to get into the national team.A.in which caseB.in that caseC.in what case D.in whose case4、2013湖南Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths.A. whomB. whoC. whatD. Which5、 2011 福建She has a gift for creating an atmo

26、sphere for her students allows them to communicatefreely with each other.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. Who【魚目混珠】1、On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park,parents seated together joking.A. theirB. whoseC. whichD. that三、關(guān)系副詞的辨別【知識(shí)清單】【考點(diǎn)一】when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)I still remember the day (whe

27、nl first came tothis school).先行詞.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)I will never forget the days , when we stayed together last yearwhich/that/ 不填 we spent together last year【考點(diǎn)二】where主要用于修飾表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，同時(shí)它在定語(yǔ)從句中用作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)This is the villagewhere he was born. Jthat/which/ 不填 he visited last year .個(gè)注：若先行詞是 situation > case、point時(shí)

28、從句缺少狀語(yǔ)，用where【考點(diǎn)三】why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，注意兩點(diǎn)：1.其先行詞唯一：the reason;2.其替代介詞唯一 ： why=for which Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.I don ' know the reason why he looks unhappy today.【基礎(chǔ)演練】I1. We live in a high-tech age,when previous informa

29、tion is easy to accept.2. It's helpful to put children in a situation _ _where they can see themselves differently.3. He narrowly escaped death in an avalanche(雪崩)where many people couldn ' t survive.4. The reason why he escaped was that he discover explosion.5. He was admitted to the univer

30、sity _where many celebrities once studied.6. I am struggling in the situationwhere I have to choose one between my mother and my girlfriend.7. The reason why he was promoted is that he worked hard.【題型分類典題精講】【牛刀小試】1、 After graduation from high school we will reach a point we have to decide which univ

31、ersityto attend.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. where2、The reason he didn't come was he was ill.A. why; thatB. that; whyC. for that; thatD. for which; what3、Great changes have taken place since then in the factory we are working.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. there4、Do you know the year the Chinese Communis

32、t Party was founded?A. whichB. thatC. whenD. on which5、 Bill Gates has created a wonderful“ window " people can surf the Internet freely.A thatB whichC whereD. when【群英薈萃】1、2013 四川Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment they live.A. whatB. whichC. whenD. where2、2013 新 IIWhen I a

33、rrived, Bryan took me to see the house I would be staying.A. whatB. whenC. whereD. which3、 2013 浙江The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built. A. whatB. whereC. whenD. why4、2011 福建It was April 29,2001 Prince William

34、and Kate Middleton walked into the palacehall of the wedding ceremony.A. thatB. whenC. sinceD. Before【魚目混珠】1、She says that she'll never forget the time she's spent working as a secretary in our company.A. whichB. whenC. howD. where【考點(diǎn)四】介詞+關(guān)系代詞The school (which / that) he once studied in is v

35、ery famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous.1、關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常常由 介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出即：when、where、why都可替換成 介詞+which ”反之則不成立。There is no reason for which(why) we shouldn't be friends.I moved to Japan, in which(where) my grandparents live.There used to be a time at/during which(when) t

36、he Chinese people struggled for freedom.小注：(1)含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的后面如：look for, look after, take care of 等。-This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for.( 正)This is the watch for which I am looking .（ 誤）T The babies （whom / who / that） the nurse is looking after are very healthy.（ 正）L The

37、babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. （誤）（2）若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，只可用w開頭關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)只可用whom,不可用who,that;關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)只可用which,不可用that。T The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor1 正）L The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbor1 誤）T The plane in which we flew to Canada was

38、really comfortable.（ 正）L The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.（ 誤）（3）介詞后的 which、whom雖作賓語(yǔ)，但不可省略E.g: The children, all of whom had played the whole day long, were worn out.【基礎(chǔ)演練】1 .This is the woman _ that/who/whom/ _ we talked about just now.2 . This is the woman aboutwhom we ta

39、lked just now.3 .He was a man as a participant to whom I can turn for help.4 .This is the moviethat/which/_ we talked about just now.5 .This is the movie about _which _ we talked just now.【題型分類典題精講】【牛刀小試】D. from whichD. both of whichD. for which1、This is the magazine I copied the paragraph.A. thatB.

40、 whichC. from that2、I have two grammars,are of great use.A. all of whichB. either of whichC. both of that3、This is the reason he didn't come to the meeting.A. in whichB. with whichC. that4、Last summer we visited the West Lake,Hangzhou is famous in the world.A. for whichB. for thatC. in whichD. w

41、hat5、I lost a book,I can't remember now.A. whose titleB. its titleC. the title of itD. the title of that【群英薈萃】1、2012 四川In our class there are 46 students, half wear glasses.A. in whomB. in themC. of whomD. of them2、2011 江西She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction had taken more

42、 thanthree years.A. for whichB. with whichC. of whichD. to which3、2010 山東Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.A. on whichB. by whichC. to whichD. from which4、2009 陜西Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time.A. of whichB. with whichC. about w

43、hichD. into which5、2009 江西The house I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building.A. in itB. inC. in thatD. in which【魚目混珠】1、He had a lot of friends, only a few of invited to his wedding.A. whomB. themC. whichD. who四、限定性與非限定性定語(yǔ)從句限：無(wú)逗號(hào)與主句隔開定語(yǔ)翻譯時(shí)把從句放在前面說(shuō)從句主語(yǔ)是多個(gè)中的一個(gè)I非：有逗號(hào)與主句隔開翻譯時(shí)按順序說(shuō)主

44、語(yǔ)是唯一的The uncle, who gave me a pen ,is good.（非）叔叔給我買了一支筆，他很好。（一個(gè)叔叔）The uncle who gave me a pen is good.（限）給我買筆的那個(gè)叔叔很好。（很多叔叔）The father, who gave me a pen ,is good.（非）V世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的人或物，只能用非限制性定從The father who gave me a pen is good.（限）xE.g: The school shop _whose customers are mainly students, is closed dur

45、ing the holidays.注：著重強(qiáng)調(diào)，不要見(jiàn)到非限制性定語(yǔ)從句就用which,要看從句是否缺成分【題型分類典題精講】【牛刀小試】1、All the neighbors admire this family,the parents are treating their child like a friend.A whereB whenC whichD that2、He is working hard,will make him pass the final exam.A. thatB. whichC. for whichD. who3、The letter is from my sis

46、ter,is working in Beijing.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. who4、They' ve won their last three matches,I find a bit surprising.A. thatB. whenC. whatD. which5、Is that the small town you often refer to?Right, just the one you know I used to work for years.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. what【群英薈萃】1、2013 新 I &quo

47、t; You can ' t judge a book by its cover, A. as the saying goes old B. goes as the old saying C. as the old saying goes D. goes as old the saying 2、2013 浙江The children,had played the whole day long, were worn out.A. all of whatB. all of whichC. all of themD. all of whom3、 2011 安徽Whatever is left

48、 over may be put into the refrigerator,it will keep for two orthree weeks.A. whenB. whichC. whereD. While4、2008 陜西The man pulled out a gold watch,were made of small diamonds.A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which【魚目混珠】1、If the man is only interested in

49、your looks,just shows how shallow he is.A. asB. whichC. whatD. that五、解題方式【考點(diǎn)U選用哪個(gè)關(guān)系詞，關(guān)鍵看它在定從中做什么成分 He worked in the factory which produces TV sets. He worked in the factory where his father had worded. I like the schoolwhich is near to my home. I like the school where my sister studies.【考點(diǎn)2選用關(guān)系詞的方法：

50、一斷二找三放 This is the school_where I once studied. This is the school_that/which_ is the most famous in the city. I'm studying at a school where my father teaches English.斷：n+（+ V 從）找：先行詞、關(guān)系詞一看指人還是物，二看介詞在何處三看句中作何用，四看是否屬特殊技巧任先行詞f定是人還是物、在從句充1的成分 做主賓表定J關(guān)系代間f、L做狀語(yǔ)一關(guān)系副詞/放：從句+先行詞還原成一句話分別是I once studied a

51、t the school.The school is the most famous in the city.直接放入用關(guān)代，加介詞用關(guān)副My father teaches English at the school.例句： The house I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building.A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which注意：特殊詞 the way,包含 the way that, the way in which, the way 不填的情況：E.g.: The w

52、ay that/which/ 不填 I told you is easy.The way in which/that/ 不填 I solved the problem is easy五、定語(yǔ)從句通關(guān)確?！绢}型一】單項(xiàng)選擇【牛刀小試】1. Is this factory some foreign friends visited last Friday?A. thatB. where C. whenD. the one2. Is this the factory he worked ten years ago?A. that B. where C. whichD. the one3. The wo

53、lves hid themselves in the places couldn 'be found.A. that B. where C. in whichD. in that4. The freezing point is the temperature water changes into ice.A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what5. Who can think of a situation this idiom can be used?A. which B. that C. where D. in that6. That

54、 tree,branches are almost bare, is very old.A. whose B. of which C. in whichD. on which7. I have bought the same dress she is wearing.A. as B. thatC. whichD. what8. Wd realking about the piano and the pianist were in the concert we attended last night.A. which B. whom C. who D. that9. Is there anyth

55、ing to you?A. that belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs10. The train she was traveling was late.A. whichB. whereC. on whichD. in that11. May the fourth is the day we Chinese people will never forget.A. which B. whenC. on whichD. about which12. He must be from Africa,can be seen f

56、rom his skin.A. thatB. asC. whoD. what13. He has two sons,work as chemists.A. two of whomB. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom14. I,your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A. who isB. who amC. that isD. what is15. I don 'like you speak to herA. the wayB. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which16. The two things they felt very proud are Jim ' gold watch and Della ' hairA. about which B. of whichC. in whichD. for which17. Do you know which hotel?A. she is staying B. she is staying in C. is she staying D. is she staying in【略