精品2019年GMAT語法考試中的一種超難題型——獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)題型

1、GMAT 語法考試中的一種超難題型獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)題型GMAT 考試中如果遇到獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)這種類型，就一定是屬于難度系數(shù)很高的題型，獨(dú) 立主格結(jié)構(gòu)我們一般在寫作中很少會用，但是看到這種句子，大家基本都能看懂，但是一 旦到 GMAT 考試中，如何辨別，就很困難，怎么選擇也是難點(diǎn)。在講獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)之前。下面來看看這樣幾道 GMAT 考試題，讓我們對獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)找點(diǎn)感覺：1. Scientists have observed large concentrations of heavy-metal deposits in the upper twenty centimeters of Baltic Sea

2、 sediments, which are consistent with the growth of industrial activity there.A. Baltic Sea sediments, which are consistent with the growth of industrial activity thereB. Baltic Sea sediments, where the growth of industrial activity is consistent with these findingsC. Baltic Sea sediments, findings

3、consistent with its growth of industrial activityD. sediments from the Baltic Sea, findings consistent with the growth of industrial activity in the areaE. sediments from the Baltic Sea, consistent with the growth of industrial activity there這道題應(yīng)該選 D2. Floating in the waters of the equatorial Pacifi

4、c, an array of buoys collects and transmits data on long-term interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere, interactions that affect global climate.A. atmosphere, interactions that affectB. atmosphere, with interactions affectingC. atmosphere that affectsD. atmosphere that is affectingE. atmosp

5、here as affects這道題應(yīng)該選 A3. Sixty-five million years ago, according to some scientists, an asteroid bigger than Mount Everest slammed into North America, which, causing plant and animal extinctions, marks the end of the geologic era known as the Cretaceous Period.A. which, causing plant and animal ext

6、inctions, marksB. which caused the plant and animal extinctions markingC. and causing plant and animal extinctions that markD. an event that caused plant and animal extinctions, and it marksE. an event that caused the plant and animal extinctions that mark這道題應(yīng)該選 E4. Sound can travel through water fo

7、r enormous distances, prevented from dissipating its acoustic energy as a result of boundaries in the ocean created by water layers ofdifferent temperatures and densities.A. prevented from dissipating its acoustic energy as a result ofB. prevented from having its acoustic energy dissipated byC. its

8、acoustic energy prevented from dissipating byD. its acoustic energy prevented from being dissipated as a result ofE. preventing its acoustic energy from dissipating by這道題應(yīng)該選 C5. For protection from the summer sun, the Mojave lived in open-sided, flattopped dwellings known as shades, each a roof of p

9、oles and arrowweed supported by posts set in a rectangle.A. each a roof of poles and arrowweedB. each a roof of poles and arrowweed that are beingC. with each being a roof of poles and arrowweedD. with roofs of poles and arrowweed to beE. with roofs of poles and arrowweed that are這道題應(yīng)該選 A以上的這些例子都是屬于

10、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的題型，大家目前應(yīng)該都有點(diǎn)感覺，但具體獨(dú)立主 格結(jié)構(gòu)是什么，該怎么樣判斷和使用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，相信大家一定還不是非常清楚。這個(gè)專題，夏老師就告訴你們怎么樣判斷獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，甚至我們在 GMAT 寫作中也能 自由使用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)這種高級技巧，相信這種技巧使用起來就像籃球場上的 crossover, 或者足球場上的馬賽旋轉(zhuǎn)一樣，引來一片尖叫。先看看我給獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)下的定義： 所謂獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)( absolute construction )，是指句法上游離于句子主體之外，跟主 句沒有任何句法以及語法方面的聯(lián)系；但其在意義上卻與主句緊密聯(lián)系在一起，共同構(gòu)成 一個(gè)完整的語義環(huán)境。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

11、沒有謂語，只有邏輯上的主語，因此，它在句法上不 是句子，而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立于句子成分之外的獨(dú)特結(jié)構(gòu)形式。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可置于句首、句 尾，用逗號與主句隔開。這句話很抽象，我們來看幾個(gè)具體的例子：I heard that she got injured in the accident， my heart full of worry 我聽說她在這場事故中受了傷，內(nèi)心充滿擔(dān)憂。He stood silent in the moon-light， his door open 月光下，門開著，他默默地站立在那。Winter coming ，it gets colder and colder 冬天來了，天氣越來越

12、冷了。More time given ，we should have done it much better如果給我們更多的時(shí)間，我們會做得更好。The boy stood there ， his right hand raised 那個(gè)男生站在那里，右手高舉。Here are the first two volumes， the third one to come out next month這是前兩卷，第三卷將于下月問世。The huntsman entered the forest，gun in hand 那位獵人手里提著槍走進(jìn)了樹林。Nobody in ，the thief took

13、a lot of things away由于沒有人，小偷拿走了許多東西。Lunch over ， he left the house 午飯結(jié)束，他離開屋。He fought the wolf ，a stick his only weapon 他和狼搏斗著，唯一的武器是一根棍 棒。發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律了沒有？還沒發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律嗎？ 以上這些句子，都是以逗號隔開的，其中一個(gè)部分是主句，主謂賓成分完美無缺，但另外 一個(gè)部分似乎不是個(gè)完整的句子，缺少了啥？對，缺少了一個(gè) be 動詞。也就是說，如果 我們把 be 動詞加到這個(gè)部分中，這個(gè)句子就是一個(gè)完整的句子，完美無缺。而且和主句 在邏輯上是有聯(lián)系的，所以我們可以用分號

14、連接它們。比如：I heard that she got injured in the accident， my heart full of worry I heard that she got injured in the accident; my heart was full of worryHe stood silent in the moon-light， his door open He stood silent in the moon-light; his door was openWinter coming ，it gets colder and colder Winter is

15、 coming; it gets colder and colderMore time given ，we should have done it much betterMore time is given; we should have done it much better The boy stood there ， his right hand raised The boy stood there; his right hand was raisedHere are the first two volumes， the third one to come out next monthHe

16、re are the first two volumes; the third one is to come out next monthThe huntsman entered the forest，gun in hand The huntsman entered the forest，gun was in hand Nobody in ，the thief took a lot of things awayNobody was in; the thief took a lot of things awayLunch over ， he left the houseLunch was ove

17、r; he left the houseHe fought the wolf ，a stick his only weapon He fought the wolf; a stick was his only weapon這個(gè)規(guī)律簡單到了極點(diǎn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了沒有。給獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)加上 be 動詞以后，這個(gè)句子就是 個(gè)完整的句子，從邏輯上來說，這個(gè)句子和主句可以是各種關(guān)系，比如可以是并列，轉(zhuǎn) 折，因果，伴隨等等。使用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)以后，那些表示它們之間關(guān)系的連詞也沒了。但 讀者一定能理解。這樣我們自己也可以造句了，自己設(shè)計(jì)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，只要把其中的一個(gè)句子的 be 動詞 去了就行，比如說His work i

18、s done; he sat down for a cup of tea.His work done, he sat down for a cup of tea.Hong Kong was beautiful, because thousands of lights were on at nightHong Kong was beautiful, thousands of lights on at night.是不是非常簡單非常方便？ 但是，細(xì)心的同學(xué)會問，如果那句話里面沒有 be 動詞怎么辦呢？問得好，如果這句話沒 有 be 動詞，我們就給他加上 be 動詞，然后變成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)候再把這

19、個(gè) be 動詞 給刪了，有人說，你這不啥都沒做嘛。錯(cuò)，加了 be 動詞后其他地方是需要有變化的。 比如： The rain has stopped ；he went out for a walk.把這前半部分加入 be 動詞怎么辦，就是 The rain is having stopped （ 不像個(gè)句子，但 沒辦法， be 動詞后面的動詞一定都是要加 ing 的） ，然后再把 be 動詞刪了這個(gè)句子就 是 : The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk.到此為止， 80% 的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)情況，你都能掌握了，但是還有 20% 是什么呢？ 另外 20%