被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),主謂一致

1、GRAMMAR Paris is visited by more than eight million tourists every year. The Sagrada Familia was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi. Florences most beautiful paintings and sculptures were produced by great artists . Athens is known as the birthplace of western civilisation. The Parthenon

2、was built during this period.(1)PASSIVE VOICEGRAMMAR(1)PASSIVE VOICE About a million tourists visit Florence every year. Ten million people visited London last year. Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa. Picasso didnt paint the Mona Lisa. Thousands of workers built the Great Wall of China. Make t

3、he following sentences passive.GRAMMAR(1)PASSIVE VOICEFlorence is visited by a million tourists every year.London was visited by ten million people last year.The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci .The Mona Lisa was not painted by Picasso. The Great Wall was built by thousands of workers.語(yǔ)態(tài)(

4、Voice)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，它表示句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。語(yǔ)態(tài)通常分為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(Passive Voice)表示句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。其句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是：be + v-ed形式。由于語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，它只表示句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系，它沒(méi)有表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間和方式，因此，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式的句子，仍然有各種時(shí)態(tài)變化。由于構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的行為動(dòng)詞變成了動(dòng)詞-ed形式，所以，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子的時(shí)態(tài)都要體現(xiàn)在助動(dòng)詞be上。1 1被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成be + v-ed1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) am/is/are + v-ed Youre wanted on t

5、he telephone. 有人給你打電話(huà)。2）一般過(guò)去時(shí)）一般過(guò)去時(shí) was/were + v-ed The book was finished last week. 這書(shū)是上周寫(xiě)完的。3）一般將來(lái)時(shí)）一般將來(lái)時(shí) will be + v-ed Youll be allowed to go out tomorrow. 明天讓你出去。4）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) The building is being built. 這幢樓正在建設(shè)之中。The bikes were being repaired. 那時(shí)正在修自行車(chē)。5）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)This book has been translat

6、ed into English. 這本書(shū)已被譯成英語(yǔ)。The car had been repaired. 這時(shí)汽車(chē)已修完了。2 2被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法1) 我們不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí) 行者是誰(shuí)(這時(shí)都不帶由by引起的短語(yǔ))。 The book is written for teachers. 這種書(shū)是為教師寫(xiě)的。2) 動(dòng)作的承受者是談話(huà)的中心(這時(shí)可帶 由by引起的短語(yǔ))。 The shop is run by a young man. 這家商店是由一個(gè)年輕人經(jīng)營(yíng)的。3 3學(xué)習(xí)、使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)注意下面幾點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)、使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)注意下面幾點(diǎn)1) 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，要保持短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的

7、完整性，動(dòng)詞后面的介詞或副詞切記不可遺漏。These books must be taken good care of. 這些書(shū)必須好好保管。The children were well looked after. 孩子們受到了良好的護(hù)理。2) 帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：(give, send, take, bring, teach, tell, offer, sing, buy, promise, make, write, ask, lend, show, pay等)將其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變成主語(yǔ)，另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)作為保留賓語(yǔ)，或變?yōu)榻樵~賓語(yǔ)，作狀語(yǔ)。We gave him some picture-bo

8、oks.He was given some picture-books.Some picture-books were given to him. 我們給他一些圖畫(huà)書(shū)。3) 有些動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)如：sell, wash, wear, 等。The book sells well. 這本書(shū)暢銷(xiāo)。Silk wears well. 絲耐穿。This cloth washes well. 這種布料耐洗。4) 不及物動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)如：happen, take place 等。5）感官動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)如 feel,taste,smell 等。4. Practice:1“Town Hal

9、l is the tallest building in the city.” “ _ from here?” A. Can it seeB. Can it be seen C. Can be seen itD. Can see答案答案 B。 Town Hall (市政廳市政廳)應(yīng)當(dāng)是被看應(yīng)當(dāng)是被看見(jiàn)，所以應(yīng)在見(jiàn)，所以應(yīng)在B和和C中選擇。又因這是一個(gè)中選擇。又因這是一個(gè)問(wèn)句，故選問(wèn)句，故選B。 2“The ceremony has already started.” “Look! The flag is _ now.”Abeing raised BrisenCbeing rose Draisi

10、ng答案答案 A。 rise vi.升起，不能有被動(dòng)形式，升起，不能有被動(dòng)形式，故故B, C不能選用。不能選用。 raise vt.舉起，升起。舉起，升起。后要接賓語(yǔ)，后要接賓語(yǔ)，故故 D不適用。不適用。 being raised正在被升起，正符合題意。正在被升起，正符合題意。 3The crime_ millions, because the speech was on television. A. was seen by B. was saw by C. seen by D. was seen for答案答案A。根據(jù)題意：根據(jù)題意：犯罪行為被數(shù)百萬(wàn)人所看見(jiàn)，故選犯罪行為被數(shù)百萬(wàn)人所看見(jiàn)，故

11、選A。 4. The things talked about in this report _ over a year ago. A. had taken place B. took place C. have taken place D. were taken place答案答案B。take place, occur, happen發(fā)生，發(fā)生，均為不及物動(dòng)詞詞組，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。均為不及物動(dòng)詞詞組，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 5The anti-Japanese War _ in 1937 and it _ eight years. Awas broken out; lasted Bbroke out;

12、lasted Cbreak out; lasts Dbroke out; was lasted答案答案 B。 break out, last 均為不及物動(dòng)詞均為不及物動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)），沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。（短語(yǔ)），沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。6Come and sit down by the fire. Your hand _ . Afeels so cold Bis felt so coldly Cfeels so coldly Dfeel so cold答案答案 A。 feel（摸起來(lái)有（摸起來(lái)有的感覺(jué)）的感覺(jué)）seem, sound, look 等作為系動(dòng)詞使用，系表結(jié)構(gòu)沒(méi)等作為系動(dòng)詞使用，系表結(jié)構(gòu)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

13、。有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 7I need one more stamp before my collection _ .(94)Ahas completed BcompletesChas been completed Dis completed我所集的郵票還差一張才能成整套。我所集的郵票還差一張才能成整套。答案答案D。before引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)，而，而collection與與complete之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。8In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. (93) Ai

14、s serving Bis served Cserves Dserved在世界上一些地區(qū)，人們飲茶時(shí)都加牛奶在世界上一些地區(qū)，人們飲茶時(shí)都加牛奶和蔗糖。和蔗糖。答案答案B。本題敘述的是一般的情況，常。本題敘述的是一般的情況，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，答案可在用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，答案可在B和和C中選中選擇。擇。serve意思是意思是“供給供給”或或 “送上送上”，此處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。此處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。9Hell be an astronaut by the time he _ thirty.(93) Ais Bhad been Cwill be Dis going to be到他三十歲時(shí)，他就會(huì)成為一名宇航員。到

15、他三十歲時(shí)，他就會(huì)成為一名宇航員。答案答案 A。主句中用的是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，。主句中用的是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，by the time引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中用現(xiàn)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)。在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)。GRAMMAR My family lives in Cardiff. Our soccer team is fantastic. The whole class is here. Neither Amy nor Helen is English. None of them has arrived yet. Each of them has a capital city. Neither of the

16、m is English.(2)SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENTGRAMMAR The police are searching for him. Some sheep are over there. Five minutes is enough to do this exercise. More than one student has seen this film. Many a ship has been damaged in the storm. Men of this kind are dangerous. Between the two windows hang

17、s a picture.(2)SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT1. everyone of one of each of either of neither of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 Each of the students has a book. Each of the girls likes dancing. One of them has been abroad. Neither of the two boys is good at English.2. each/every/no/many a + 單數(shù)名詞 and each/every/no/many a

18、 + 單數(shù)名詞 作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Each book and each paper is foundin its place. Every boy and every girl has the rightto receive education. Many a boy and many a girl has seenthese painting. Every hour and minute is important.第二個(gè)each, every, no, many a可以省略。none of.結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)指代不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；指代不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；指代復(fù)

19、數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)全體，謂語(yǔ)指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)全體，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)更好一些；用復(fù)數(shù)更好一些；著重個(gè)別，則用單數(shù)較好。著重個(gè)別，則用單數(shù)較好。None of the money is yours.None of us havehas ever been abroad.3. all, none, some, any 等不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，等不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定。根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定。 All are present . All the food tastes good. 4. more than one/many a + 單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，意義上是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常作主語(yǔ)，意義上

20、是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。用單數(shù)。(形單意復(fù)形單意復(fù))More than one student has tried.Many a student and teacher is watching the football match.Many a man has died in the war.5. 集體名詞集體名詞class, family, army, team, club, population, party, crowd, majority, audience, government, public, group, 等作主語(yǔ)。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體用單數(shù)，指?jìng)€(gè)體成員用復(fù)數(shù)。 His family i

21、s in Harbin. His family are music lovers.The committee was made up of 10 members.The committee were in the hall. 1His family _ a small one2His family _ fat and short A. is, is B. are, are C. is, are D. are, is 此題應(yīng)選此題應(yīng)選 。family是一個(gè)集合名詞，是一個(gè)集合名詞，具有單數(shù)具有單數(shù)(側(cè)重指整體側(cè)重指整體)和復(fù)數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)(側(cè)重指?jìng)?cè)重指?jìng)€(gè)體個(gè)體)兩種可能。兩種可能。6. Not onl

22、y he but also I am invited. I or his brothers were to blame.Neither I nor he is to attend the meeting.Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.2)當(dāng)當(dāng) there be/ here be 句型的主語(yǔ)是一句型的主語(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保系列事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。持一致。 1. There is a pen, a knife and several books on the

23、desk. 2. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 3. Here is a letter and a book for you.4. There are three chairs, two tables and a bike in the house.主語(yǔ)后跟主語(yǔ)后跟結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般和前面的結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般和前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。主語(yǔ)保持一致。(就遠(yuǎn)原則就遠(yuǎn)原則） 1. The teacher with a number of students is in the cla

24、ssroom.2. Tom, as much as you, was responsible for the loss. 3. He more than you is anxious to go there.8. “theadj./v-ed/v-ing”作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ) the + dying, young, old, blind, rich, sick, wounded, poor及及dead等詞，等詞，相相當(dāng)于復(fù)數(shù)名詞，代表整個(gè)類(lèi)別，故作當(dāng)于復(fù)數(shù)名詞，代表整個(gè)類(lèi)別，故作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。The old in China are living a happy life.The

25、wounded have been saved.The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.9. 表示時(shí)間、距離、錢(qián)額、重量、空間、體積等意義的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。 Eight hours of sleep is enough. A hundred miles is a long distance. Ten pounds was missing from my pocket. Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown. 10. population 做主語(yǔ)指

26、人口做主語(yǔ)指人口,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；指人的行為、居民等，謂語(yǔ)常用復(fù)數(shù)；指人的行為、居民等，謂語(yǔ)常用復(fù)數(shù)；分?jǐn)?shù)分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)百分?jǐn)?shù)+ of the population做主語(yǔ)，謂做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。The population of the village is 538.One third of the population here are workers.11. the Olympic Games, the Asian Games 做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。The Olympic Games are held every four years.12. 動(dòng)名詞、不定

27、式、從句做主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞、不定式、從句做主語(yǔ)1).單個(gè)動(dòng)名詞或不定式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)單個(gè)動(dòng)名詞或不定式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。用單數(shù)。 Making speeches is not her strong point.Growing flowers needs constant watering.2). 由由and連接的兩個(gè)連接的兩個(gè)(或多個(gè)或多個(gè))動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞或不定式作主語(yǔ)不定式作主語(yǔ) 如果并列的動(dòng)名詞或不定式語(yǔ)義相同如果并列的動(dòng)名詞或不定式語(yǔ)義相同或相似，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；或相似，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)； 如果語(yǔ)義不一致，則謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。如果語(yǔ)義不一致，則謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。Lying and stealing are not

28、right.To love and to be loved is sweet thing.13. 由and連接的并列成分但指的是同一概念或一個(gè)人的雙重身份時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)，但由and連接的兩個(gè)并列成分表示兩個(gè)不同的概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The worker and writer is from Beijing. (那個(gè)工人兼作家) The worker and the writer are from Beijing. (那位工人和那位作家)14. a+單數(shù)名詞+and a half, a+單數(shù)名詞+or two 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 A year and a half has pas

29、sed. A day or two is enough.one or two +復(fù)數(shù)名詞, one and a half +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。One or two boys know it.One and a half months have passed since I saw him.A month and a half has passed since I saw him. 15. “a number of復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)， 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù); “許多許多” “the number of復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)?！暗臄?shù)量的數(shù)量”

30、The number of traffic accidents has increased.A number of children like this song.the quantity of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。a quantity of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。 a quantity of +不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù).quantities of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。Quantities of tea were sold last month.A lar

31、ge quantity of beer was sold out. The quantity of books in the library is amazing. 16. Quantity/ies of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和 of 之后的名詞保持一致。 17.The rest of the people present are against the plan.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by sea.Over twenty percent of the city was destr

32、oyed in the war.Forty-five percent of the doctors were women.Only 40 percent of the students in the class are boys.1. _ you or he the teacher of English? Neither my sister nor my mother _ present at the meeting. A. Are, was B. Is, were C. Are, are D. Is, is 2. When and where to build the new factory

33、_ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided析析: 當(dāng)當(dāng)when和和where加不定式指的是加不定式指的是同一件事時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。同一件事時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 A3. One or two days _ enough to see the city A. is B. are C. am D. be4. Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind A. is B. are C. am D. be5. Not the teacher, but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film A. is B. are C. am D. be6. His “Selected Poems” _ first published in 1965. A. were B. was C. has been D. have been7. A woman with some chi