出國留學(xué)英語術(shù)語的說法

1、出國常用術(shù)語的說法Today,when I am chatting with one of my classmates,encounter it,so I googled more about it:-How to say 師兄During a delightful meeting with some readers last week at Beijing Institute of Technology, a student from Renmin University of China asked: How to say 師兄/師姐 in English? Thats a good que

2、stion.師兄/師姐, or 師弟/師 妹，is from Chinese martial arts culture. Fellows learning from the same master (師 父) are senior/junior male /female fellow apprentices. As the saying goes, The master teaches the trade, but the apprentices skill is self- made (師父領(lǐng)進門，修行在個人).On campus these words refer to students

3、whore studying in or have graduated from the same major at the same university. Alumnus (校 友) may be the closest word in English. But a sentence like John and I are both alumni of Ohio University indicates both John and the speaker have graduated.So, to translate 師兄師姐 into English, we have to descri

4、be instead of using single words.Several suggestions are:* Were both majoring in business at Ohio University. (我們是在俄亥俄大學(xué)學(xué)商務(wù)的同門。)* She shares the same major as me but is senior/junior to me. (她是跟我同專業(yè)的師姐/師妹。)* Hes in my same major but a year ahead. (他是跟我同專業(yè)的上屆師兄。)* Hes in my major but a year below/beh

5、ind me. (他是跟我同專業(yè)的下屆師弟。)-師兄shxingsenior fellow apprentice稱先與自己從同一個師父學(xué)習(xí)的人the son of ones master (older than oneself)稱師父的兒子中年齡比自己大的人fathers apprentice (older than oneself)稱父親的徒弟中年齡比自己大的人a polite form of address to a monk舊時對和尚的尊稱but sb said that its called senior apprentice or senior shoolmate,I think e

6、ither is ok,because it just be a word of Chinese English.-導(dǎo)師的英語表達：supervisor(論文導(dǎo)師）, 注意tutor是不對的！tutor在大學(xué)里面相當于國內(nèi)的輔導(dǎo)員，比助教還低一個檔次的教師。sometimes use the word advisor,but supervisor is formal.助教： tutor 講師 lecturer 教授 professor 導(dǎo)師supervisor 博士生導(dǎo)師：doctoral supervisor或者是PHD supervisor另：博導(dǎo) Ph.D supervisor ; do

7、ctoral advisor 導(dǎo)師：supervisor， advisor 來自中國日報常用詞匯表常用教育詞匯英譯人才枯竭 exhaustion of human resources 輟/失學(xué)青少年 school dropout/leaver 基金會 foundation 服務(wù)性行業(yè) service trade 在職培訓(xùn) on-the-job/in-service training 國際勞工組織 International Labor Organization 基礎(chǔ)科學(xué) the fundamentals 學(xué)分制 the credit system 三學(xué)期制 the trimester syst

8、em 雙學(xué)士制 a double BA degree system 主副修制 a system of a major field of specialization plus a minor field 教學(xué)、科研、生產(chǎn)的三結(jié)合 3-in-1 combination involving teaching,research, and production 三結(jié)合聯(lián)合體 tripartite complex 定向招生 students are admitted to be trained for pre-determined employers 包分配 guarantee job assignme

9、nts 燎原計劃 the Prairie Fire Program 示范試點 demonstration pilot project 結(jié)合、使加入 incorporate 動員 mobilize 稅收 tax revenue 多學(xué)科的 multi-disciplinary 重點大學(xué) key university 授予（學(xué)士）confer 被授權(quán) be authorized to do 博士后科研流動站 center for post-doctoral studies 專業(yè) speciality 愛國人士 patriotic personage 國家發(fā)明獎 National Invention

10、Prize 國家自然科學(xué)獎 National Prize for Natural Sciences 國家科技進步獎 National Prize for Progress in Science and Technology 學(xué)術(shù)報告會，專題討論會 symposium 記者招待會 press conference 國家教委主任 Chairman of the State Education Commission 國家統(tǒng)計局 the State Statistical Bureau 國家教育經(jīng)費 national expenditure on education 財政撥款 financial al

11、location 半文盲 semiliterate; functional illiterate 畢業(yè)論文 thesis; dissertation 畢業(yè)實習(xí) graduation field work 畢業(yè)設(shè)計 graduation design 畢業(yè)典禮 graduation ceremony; commencement 畢業(yè)證書 diploma; graduation certificate 畢業(yè)鑒定 graduation appraisal 博士生導(dǎo)師 Ph.D advisor; doctoral advisor(supervisor) 授予某人學(xué)位 to confer a degre

12、e on sb. 升級 to be promoted to a higher grade 留級 to repeat the years work; to stay down 補考 make-up examination 升學(xué)t o go to a school of a higher grade; to enter a higher school 升學(xué)率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade 獎學(xué)金 scholarship （國家）助學(xué)金 (state)stipend/subsidy 領(lǐng)取助學(xué)金的學(xué)生 a grant

13、-aided student 學(xué)費 tuition (fee) 伙食費 board expenses 伙食補助 food allowance 占百分比 account for .% 專任教師 full-time teacher 資料中心 data center 國際文化交流 intercultural communication 教育方針 guideline(s)/guiding principle(s) for education 教育必須為社會主義現(xiàn)代化服務(wù)，必須同生產(chǎn)勞動相結(jié)合，培養(yǎng)德智體全面發(fā)展的建設(shè)者和 接班人。 Education must serve the needs of s

14、ocialist modernization, be integrated with productive labor, and train builders and successors who are well developed morally, intellectuall and physically. 適應(yīng)社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)需要，面向二十一世紀，具有中國特色的社會主義教育體系。 a socialist education system with distince Chinese characteristics that meets the needs of socialist mod

15、ernization and is oriented to the 21st century 堅持社會主義方向 to keep to the socialist orientation 身體好，學(xué)習(xí)好，工作好。Keep fit, study hard and work well. 德才兼?zhèn)?to combine ability with character; equal stress on integrity and ability 成為有理想，有道德，有文化，守紀律的勞動者 to become working people with lofty ideals, moral integrity

16、, education and a sense of discipline 教育要面向現(xiàn)代化，面向世界，面向未來 Gear educaiton to the needs of modernization, the world and the future 愛國主義教育 education in patrotisem 國際主義教育 education in internationalism 集體主義教育 education in collectivism 共產(chǎn)主義教育 education in communism 共產(chǎn)主義道德品質(zhì) communist ethics 政治思想教育 politica

17、l and ideological education 五愛（愛祖國、愛人民、愛勞動、愛科學(xué)、愛護公物） Five Love: love the motherland, the people, labor, and science and take good care of public property. 教書育人 to educate the person as well as impart book knowledge 培養(yǎng)獨立分析問題和解決問題的能力 to cultivate the ability to analyze and solve concrete problems inde

18、pendently 啟發(fā)學(xué)生獨立思考的能力 to help develop the ability of the students to think things out for themselves 培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自學(xué)能力 to foster the students ability to study on their own 發(fā)揮學(xué)生主動性、創(chuàng)造性 to give scope to the students initiative and creativeness 自學(xué)成才 to become educated through independent study 啟發(fā)式 elicitation m

19、ethod (of teaching); heuristic method 填鴨式教學(xué)法 cramming/forced-feeding method of teaching 普及教育 universal education 義務(wù)教育 compulsory education; free education 學(xué)前教育 preschool education 初等教育 elementary education 中等教育 secondary education 高等教育 higher/tertiary education 普遍教育 general education 成人教育 adult educ

20、ation 職業(yè)技術(shù)教育 vocational and technical education 高等學(xué)校 institution of higher education 綜合性大學(xué) comprehensive university 文科大學(xué) university of liberal arts 文科院校 colleges of art 理工科大學(xué) college/university of science and engineering 師范大學(xué) normal university; teachers university 師范學(xué)院 teachers college 工業(yè)大學(xué) polytech

21、nical university 工業(yè)學(xué)院 engineering institute 農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué) agricultural university 農(nóng)學(xué)院 agricultural college 醫(yī)科大學(xué) medical university 醫(yī)學(xué)院 medical college/school 中醫(yī)院 institute of traditional Chinese medicine 音樂學(xué)院 conservatory of music 美術(shù)學(xué)院 academy of fine arts 體育學(xué)院 physical culture institute 分校 branch school 重點學(xué)

22、校 key school 業(yè)余學(xué)校 spare-time school 業(yè)余職工大學(xué) spare-time college for staff and workers 電視廣播大學(xué) television and radio broadcasting university 函授學(xué)院 correspondence school 教師進修學(xué)校 teachers college for vocational studies 成人夜校 night school for adults 業(yè)余藝術(shù)/體育學(xué)校 amateur arts/athletic school 半工半讀學(xué)校 part-work and p

23、art-study school 中等專業(yè)學(xué)校 secondary specialized school; polytechnic school 中等技術(shù)學(xué)校 secondary technical school; technical secondary school 職業(yè)學(xué)校 vocational school 附中 attached middle school 在職進修班 in-service training course 進修班 class for advanced studies 短訓(xùn)班 short-term training course 專修科 special (training

24、) course 自學(xué)考試 self-taught examination 教職員 teaching and administrative staff 教學(xué)人員 the faculty; teaching staff 中、小學(xué)校長headmaster/headmistress; principal 大專院校校長 president; chancellor 教務(wù)長 dean of studies （系）主任 chairman; chairperson 副主任 vice-chairman 教授 professor 副教授 associate professor 客座教授 visiting prof

25、essor; guest professor 講師 lecturer 助教 assistant 專職教師 full-time teacher 兼職教師 part-time teacher 輔導(dǎo)員 assistant for political and ideological work 教研室/組 teaching and research section/group 教學(xué)組 teaching group 教員休息室 staff room; common room 母校 Alma Mater 校友 alumnus; alumna 學(xué)生會 students union/association 高年

26、級學(xué)生 upper/higher grade pupil/student; pupil/student in senior grades 低年級學(xué)生 lower grade pupil/student; pupil/student in junior grades 走讀生 day student; non-resident student 住宿生 boarder 旁聽生 auditor 研究生 graduate student; post-graduate (student) 應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生 graduating student/pupil; this years graduates 聽課 to

27、visit a class; to sit in on a class;p to attend a lecture 公開課 open class 課程 course; curriculum 必修課 required/compulsory course 選修課 elective/optional course 基礎(chǔ)課 basic course 專業(yè)課 specialized course 課程表 school timetable 課外活動 extracurricular activities 課外輔導(dǎo) instruction after class 課外閱讀 outside reading 課堂討論 class discussion （大學(xué)的）研究小組；討論會 seminar 教學(xué)大綱 teaching program; syllabus 教學(xué)內(nèi)容 con