01_CAP5 OSG Chapter 18 Outline FINAL 11.21.11

1、1. Which of the following was one of the new forms of wealth in latenineteenthcentury America? a. Propertyb. Livestockc. Paper securitiesd. Buildings2. What was the approximate railroad mileage in the United States in 1900? a. 5,000 milesb. 18,000 milesc. 100,000 milesd. 190,000 miles3. Why did rail

2、road owners set up “pools“ in the latter part of the nineteenth century? a. Railroad operators were a closeknit social circle.b. Railroad owners wanted to eliminate unions.c. Railroad operators were suffering from cutthroat competition.d. Railroad owners shared resources such as tracks to offer bett

3、er service.4. How did electricity change the face of the American city around the turn of the century? a. Urban dwellers became accustomed to the comforts of air conditioning.b. City folk were able to listen to their own radio receivers at home.c. Cities now had to accommodate large powergenerating

4、facilities in their layout.d. Electric lights illuminated homes, factories, and the streets.5. What type of competitive system existed in the steel industry after the formation of U.S. Steel in 1901? a. Oligopolyb. Social Darwinismc. Monopolyd. Capitalism6. What political purpose did the theory of s

5、ocial Darwinism serve in the late nineteenth century? a. Social Darwinism justified economic inequality and curbed social reform.b. It increased Americans interest in electing wellqualified men to political office.c. Social Darwinism inspired interest in reform and social equality.d. It spurred effo

6、rts to fund education for the poor.7. According to advocates of laissezfaire economics, what was the governments only role in the economy? a. To help the needyb. To protect private propertyc. To oversee the banking systemd. To provide infrastructure8. For what purpose did the Supreme Court draw on t

7、he Fourteenth Amendment in a series of decisions in the 1880s and 1890s? a. To protect racial minorities from discriminationb. To help consumers in their battle against monopoliesc. To protect labor unionsd. To protect corporations9. High voter participation and party loyalty, both common in the Gil

8、ded Age, were secured by a. quality voter education programs.b. patronage.c. multilingual ballots.d. loyalty oaths.10. Why were Democrats able to attract workingclass Catholic and Jewish immigrant voters in the cities of the Northeast? a. Democrats were consistent critics of racism in American socie

9、ty.b. Democrats were strong advocates of national labor legislation.c. Democrats criticized heavily Republican immigration reform.d. Democrats did not push moral reforms that attacked immigrant culture.11. What helped the American Tobacco Company dominate the industry? a. High tariffs against French

10、 importsb. A ban of the cigar makers unionc. The invention of a cigarette rolling machined. The expiration of health regulations on tobacco products12. What was the outcome of Ida B. Wellss 1890s campaign against lynching? a. Passage of Congressional antilynching legislationb. Increased awareness of

11、 southern racial violencec. The overturning of Democratic control of the Southd. The end of lynching by the time of her death in 193113. Why were the presidents who served in the last part of the nineteenth centuryRutherford B. Hayes through William McKinleylargely forgotten men? a. These men were l

12、argely incompetent presidents.b. They were controlled by powerful state governors, who were more important.c. They performed valuable service but were frequently misunderstood by those who wrote about them.d. These presidents were overshadowed by business developments and party politics at state and

13、 local levels.14. What did the “Mugwumps“ of the Gilded Age stand for? a. The defense of the spoils systemb. The defeat of civil service reformc. A resumption of radical reconstructiond. The introduction of civil service reform15. What major reform was enacted during Stalwart Chester A. Arthurs pres

14、idency? a. The Pendleton Civil Service Actb. The Sherman Antitrust Actc. Tariff reformd. Railroad reform16. Why did Irish Catholic voters fail to turn out for James G. Blaine in 1884? a. Blaine was a Presbyterian, a denomination particularly hostile to the Catholic Irish.b. Blaine came from a Scotch

15、Irish Protestant family.c. Blaine had openly ridiculed Democrats as the party of “Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion.”d. Blaine had failed to distance himself from the antiCatholic statement of a prominent supporter.17. Which groups were the most enthusiastic supporters of the tariff in the late nineteent

16、h century? a. Industrialists and Westerners who traded in wool, hides, and lumberb. Southern and midwestern farmersc. Plantation owners, who were suffering the economic consequences of emancipationd. Advocates of free trade18. States attempts to regulate the railroads ultimately failed because the S

17、upreme Courts 1886 Wabash v. Illinois decision ruled that a. states had no regulatory powers.b. railroads that crossed state boundaries fell outside state jurisdiction.c. the states regulations were too expensive to enforce.d. the states regulations undermined property rights.19. The Sherman Antitru

18、st Act of 1890 stated that a. holding companies were illegal.b. unions were protected.c. railroads could be regulated.d. pools and trusts were illegal.20. What was the central issue addressed by the Greenback Labor Party? a. The visual representation of American workers on U.S. currencyb. The ethnic

19、ities and nationalities of farm workers in the United Statesc. The coinage of free silverd. The issuance of paper currency not tied to the gold supplyChapter 18Step OneRead the Chapter and Take Notes As You Go This outline reflects the major headings and subheadings in this chapter of your textbook.

20、 Use it to take notes as you read each section of the chapter. In your notes, try to restate the main idea of each section. CHAPTER 18: BUSINESS AND POLITICS IN THE GILDED AGE, 18651900I. Old Industries Transformed, New Industries BornA. Railroads: Americas First Big Business1. Expanding on a nation

21、wide scale 2. Jay Gould 3. Big business tycoons4. The communication revolution 5. Business failures and public reaction B. Andrew Carnegie, Steel, and Vertical Integration1. Andrew Carnegie and Carnegie Steel 2. Vertical integration 3. Cutthroat practices C. John D. Rockefeller, Standard Oil, and th

22、e Trust1. Oil competition 2. Rockefellers Tactics 3. A new corporate structure 4. Holding companies5. Tarbells expos D. New Inventions: The Telephone and Electricity1. Alexander Graham Bell 2. Thomas Alva Edison 3. Corporate dominance II. From Competition to ConsolidationA. J. P. Morgan and Finance

23、Capitalism1. The “money trust” 2. Reorganizing the railroads 3. Challenging Carnegie 4. A new corporate worldB. Social Darwinism, Laissez-Faire, and the Supreme Court1. Comparing business to nature 2. Justifying inequality 3. “The gospel of wealth” 4. Laissez-faire government 5. A conservative court

24、 III. Politics and CultureA. Political Participation and Party Loyalty1. Patronage politics 2. Party loyalty 3. Religion and ethnicity in politicsB. Sectionalism and the New South1. The solid South? 2. The New South 3. Northern control of southern industry 4. Industrial illusions C. Gender, Race, an

25、d Politics1. Limited access to the public sphere 2. Cross-racial alliances 3. Ida B. Wells and the antilynching movement D. Womens Activism1. The National Woman Suffrage Association 2. Womens clubs 3. Temperance 4. The limits of womens politics IV. Presidential Politics A. Corruption and Party Strife1. Reforming the spoils system 2. Repu