中考英語語法主謂一致講解及專練

1、中考英語語法：主謂一致講解及專練【考點(diǎn)聚焦】主謂一致是初中階段的重要語法項(xiàng)目之一，從近年來中考的試題來看，對主謂一致的考查主要集中在以下內(nèi)容：1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)；主語為復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。2、由and或bothand連接的并列成分作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。但并列主語如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：The poet and writer has come.3、由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語之前如果分別由each, every, no修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：In our country every boy and e

2、very girl has the right to receive education.4、主語是單數(shù)時，盡管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with ，as well as ，together with along with，like 等引導(dǎo)的介詞短語時 ，謂語動詞與前面的主語一致。例如：The women with two children is my aunt .注意：主語和謂語之間插入了分詞短語，謂語要與主語保持一致。Mr Smith , followed by his wife and three children , has just arrived.5、一

3、些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主語時，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。6、集體名詞family, class, team, group 等看作整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；看作每一個成員時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 7、 當(dāng)表示國家，城市，人名，書名，報紙，雜志，及組織機(jī)構(gòu)等的專有名詞做主語時，作為整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 The New York Times is reading all over the United States . 紐約時報8、 news ，maths，physics ，politics等詞貌似復(fù)數(shù)，實(shí)為單數(shù)，其謂語動詞用單數(shù).9、“t

4、he +形容詞”(如the poor ，the rich ，the young， the old ， the dead ，the sick，the brave 等)作主語，謂語動詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)10、由each, some, any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時，謂語動詞都用單數(shù)。11、有兩部分構(gòu)成的物體的名詞，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。注意：如果這類名詞前用了a pair of等，則謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式往往取決于pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Here are some new pair

5、s of shoes.My new pair of socks is on the bed.12、表時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。13、不定代詞由all, most, more, some, any, none作主語時，也要依這些代詞表示的意義來決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果代詞代表復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果代詞代表單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。All of the work has been finished.All of the people have gone.14、疑問代詞作主語時，其謂語動詞也有兩種情況：主語表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用

6、復(fù)數(shù)；主語表示單數(shù)意義，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Who is your brother?Who are League members?15、分?jǐn)?shù)(百分?jǐn)?shù))+of +名詞做主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后面的名詞的數(shù)。 但要注意population 一詞，用作整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，用其部分做主語時，謂語動詞形式用復(fù)數(shù)。Part of the work has been done by us .Ten percent of the apples were bad .The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70%of the population ar

7、e peasants .16、half, the rest等表示不定數(shù)量的名詞作主語時，如果所指為復(fù)數(shù)意義，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果所指為單數(shù)意義，動詞用單數(shù)。例如：17、由what 引出的從句作主語時，通常謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。但如果所指內(nèi)容為復(fù)數(shù)意義時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。18、由連詞notbut, or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also,等連接的并列主語，如果一個是單數(shù)，一個是復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語動詞按就近一致原則，與最靠近它的主語一致。19、There be句型、以here開頭的句子謂語動詞和靠近的主語一致。 20、a number of后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞

8、，其動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但the number of后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時，其謂語用單數(shù)。 21、“one or two +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”做主語,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。22、 many a 單數(shù)名詞 (許多) ； more than one 單數(shù)名詞(不止一)作主語，盡管意思是復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語動詞還是用單數(shù)。注意： “more than +基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)或“more 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 than one做主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.More than twenty students are playing football on the

9、playground.More members than one are against your plan. 23、this kind of book=a book of this kind(這種書)，作主語，謂語用單數(shù)；this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men(這類人，口語中用)，但this kind of men的謂語用單數(shù)，men of this kind=these kind of men的謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。all kinds of后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。This kind of men is dangerous.Men of

10、 this kind are dangerous.24、在定語從句中主語是關(guān)系代詞who , that , which , 謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)一致。注意：在“one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ who/that/which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，從句謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)取決 于one前是否有the (only)、the very。如果有，從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如沒有the only， 就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.He was the only one of the students wh

11、o was late for school.【技巧點(diǎn)撥】中考主謂一致方面的考題主要考知識的記憶情況。考查主謂一致的常見題型有單項(xiàng)選擇，完型填空，翻譯句子，單句改錯，短文改錯、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換，時態(tài)填空等。做這類題時，必須找出句子的真正主語，然后根據(jù)記憶的知識作出判斷。同時，要遵循三個原則：語法一致、意義一致和就近原則。主謂一致考例剖析【考例剖析】例 1：Each of the students_ a dictionary.(2004資陽)A. have B. is C. are D. has 剖析：此題意思是“每個學(xué)生都有一本字典”，所以先排除B、C 。句中of students作each的定語，真

12、正的主語是each，故又排除A 。答案：D例 2： How time flies! Ten years _ passed. (2004天津)A. have B. has C. is D. are剖析：Ten years通常被看作是一個時間整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。答案：B例 3： Not only his parents but also his brother _to the Summer Palace. They havent been back. (2004南通)A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone剖析：由not onlybu

13、t also連接兩個并列主語，其謂語動詞根據(jù)就近原則同相鄰的主語保持一致，謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。又因?yàn)樗麄冞€都沒有回來，所以用has gone而不用has been。答案：D例 4：Look! There _ playing with the tourists on Dahe Square.(2004包頭)A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deersC. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers剖析：句子的主語a number of deer。當(dāng)a number of + 名詞作主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)

14、。因此首先排除C、D，而deer單復(fù)數(shù)相同，所以B也不正確。答案：A例 5：The Smiths _ sending e-mails _ letters.because it is faster.(2005云南)A.prefer, to writing B.prefer，to writeC.prefers，to writing D.prefers，to write剖析：姓氏名詞用復(fù)數(shù)且前面加上定冠詞時，表示一家人或一對夫婦。作主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。再如：The zhous live upstairs.(姓周的那家住在樓上)。此題答案應(yīng)在A、B中選，而短語prefer to中的to是一個介詞，故又

15、排除B。答案：A例 6：Everyone except Bill and Jim _there when the meeting began.(2005黑龍江)A. was B. is C. are D. were剖析：根據(jù)主、從復(fù)合句時態(tài)一般要一致的原則，本題首先可排除B、C，而主句主語含有except等時，其謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于except前邊的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，所以D答案也不正確。答案：A例 7：Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now.(2005重慶)A.were B.is C.are D. was剖析：根據(jù)就近原則，應(yīng)排除A、C，而題中單詞now表明現(xiàn)

16、在，所以D也不正確。答案：B例 8：Since 2000, Nanchang has become a new city. Everything _.(2005江西)A. are changed B. was changed C. has changed D. had changed剖析：根據(jù)“不定代詞作主語，謂語往往用單數(shù)”這一點(diǎn)，首先可以排除A答案。又由于change屬于不可數(shù)名詞，它沒有被動語態(tài)，所以B也不正確。由since引出的一個含具體過去時間的句子，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時。答案：C主謂一致實(shí)地演練【實(shí)地演練】I. 改錯：1. Both paper and ink is used up.2

17、. Eating too much are bad for your health.3.This pair of shoes are my brother's.4. Each of the boys have a dictionary.5 Every one of the students in Class Two have two books .6.I think maths are very difficult to learn.7. A large number of students has gone to work in Xingjiang.8.The mother with

18、 two children often go to the town. II. 用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空9. _ (be) everything OK?10. Nobody _ (know) the answer to the question.11. Ten divided by two _ (be) five.12. Most of the drinking water _ (be) from the Black River.13. Not only she but also I _ (do) morning exercises every day.14. Either you or sh

19、e _ (have) made a wrong decision.15. The family _(be) spending the weekend together.16. Bread and butter _ (be) her daily breakfast.17. The police _ (be) trying to catch the thief.18. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. . 選擇填空。( )19.There _ many

20、 new words in Lesson One. It is very easy. A. is B. arent C. isntD. are( )20. -These bananas look different and they are sweet. -Right. They _ here from Taiwan yesterday.A. was brought B. were brought C. bring D. are brought( ) 21. The Olympic Games _ held every_ years. A. is，four B. are，four C. is，

21、five D. are，five( ) 22. Look, here come some _. A. dog B. horse C. deer D. cow( ) 23. The injured in the tsunami _ good care of by some medical teams. A. is taken B. are being taken C. are taking D. is being taken( ) 24. It is not J. K. Rowling but her works that _ us excited. A. makes B. is made C.

22、 make D. are made( ) 25. On the closet _ a pair of trousers his parents bought for his birthday. A. lying B. lies C. lie D. is laid( ) 26. Each man and each woman _ asked to help when the fire broke out. A. is B. was C. are D. were( ) 27. About 60 percent of the students _ from the south; the rest o

23、f them _ from the north and foreign countries. A. are; is B. is; is C. is; are D. are; are( ) 28. They said the eighteenth and last lesson _ quite easy. A. is B. was C. are D. were( ) 29. -When are you going to Kumming for your holidays? -I havent decided. _ this Sunday _ next Sunday is OK.A. Both;

24、and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also( ) 30._ Helen _ Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China. A. Neither; nor B. Not only; but also C. Both; and D. A and B( ) 31.The paper for books and new papers _ made of wood. A. are B. is C. has D. have( ) 32. Not only my brothe

25、r but also I_ good at painting. Both of us _good painters. A. are.are B. am.are C. is.is D. are.is( ) 33. _ of them has his own opinion. A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each( ) 34. Are there any _ on the farm? A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep( )35. One-third of the area _ covered with green trees. A

26、bout seventy percent of the trees _ been planted. A. are; have B. is; has C. is; have D. are; has ( ) 36. The number of teachers in our college _ greatly increased last term. A number of teachers in this school _ from the countryside. A. was; is B. was; are C. were; are D. were; is ( ) 37. What _ th

27、e population of China? One-third of the population _ workers here. A. is; are B. are; are C. is; is D. are; is ( ) 38. Not only he but also we _ right. He as well as we _ right. A. are; are B. are; is C. is; is D. is; are( )39. What hed like _ a digital watch. What hed like _ textbooks. A. are; are

28、B. is; is C. is; are D. are; is( )40. My shirt _ white and my trousers _ blue. A. are; are B. are; is C. is; is D. is; are( ) 41.-Two months _ quite a long time.-Yes. Im afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons. A. is B. are C. was D. were( ) 42.He is one of the boys who _ here on time. He is the o

29、nly one of the boys who _ here on time. A. has come; have come B. have come; has come C. has come; has come D. have come; have come ( )43. Either you or he _ interested in playing chess. _ you or he fond of music at present? A. are; Are B. is; Are C. are; Is D. is; Is( )44. Many a professor _ lookin

30、g forward to visiting Germany now. Many scientists _ studied animals and plants in the last two years. A. is; have B. is; has C. are; have D. is; are ( )45. A knife and a fork _ on the table. A knife and fork _ on the table. A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are ( )46. Her family _ much larger

31、 than mine four years ago. Her family _ dancing and singing when I came in last night. A. were; was B. was; were C. was; was D. were; were ( )47.The box of rubbers _ white. A.is B.are C.be D.were( )48._ he or you to come home? A.Is B.Are C.Will D.Can( )49.The writer and teacher _ coming now. A.is B.

32、are C.has D.have ( )50.The old man has two children but _ of them lives with him. A. both B. none C. neither D. all( )51.Our knowledge of computer _ growing all the time. A. be B. is C. are D. were( )52.How and why Jack came to China _ not known. When and where to build the new library _ not been de

33、cided. A. is; has B. are; has C. is; have D. are; have( )53.Now Tom together with his classmates _ football on the playground. A. play B. are playing C. plays D. is playing( )54.Two hundred and fifty pounds _ too unreasonable a price for a second-hand car. A. is B. are C. were D. be( )55.All but Dic

34、k _ in Class Three this term. A. are B. is C. were D. was( )56.Soon after the earthquake, every man, woman and child _ about it. A. were talking B. was talking C. talk D. talks( )57.We each _ strong points and each of us on the other hand _ weak points. A. have; have B. has; have C. has; has D. have; has( )58.Everyone except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began. A. is B. was C. are D. were( )59.Most of the house