初中語(yǔ)法數(shù)詞通講

1、初中語(yǔ)法數(shù)詞通講 (一) 知識(shí)概要數(shù)詞用來表示人或物的數(shù)目多少和順序。所以數(shù)詞主要有兩種：基數(shù)詞，用于計(jì)數(shù)，如：one, two而序數(shù)詞用于表示位置先后或次序，臺(tái)：first second其構(gòu)成法如下：阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字 基數(shù)詞 序數(shù)詞 簡(jiǎn)寫序數(shù)詞 1 one first 1st 2 two second 2nd 3 three third 3rd 4 four fourth 4th 5 five fifth 5th 6 six sixth 6th 7 seven seventh 7th 8 eight eighth 8th 9 nine ninth 9th 10 ten tenth 10th 11

2、eleven eleventh 11th 12 twelve twelfth 12th 13 thirteen thirteenth 13th 14 fourteen fourteenth 14th 15 fifteen fifteenth 15th 16 sixteen sixteenth 16th 17 seventeen seventeenth 17th 18 eighteen eighteenth 18yh 19 nineteen nineteenth 19th 20 twenty twentieth 20th 21 twenty-one twenty-first 21st 30 th

3、irty thirtieth 30th 40 forty fortieth 40th 50 fifty fiftieth 50th 60 sixty sixtieth 60th 70 seventy seventieth 70th 80 eighty eightieth 80th 90 ninety ninetieth 90th 100 a(one)hundred hundredth 100th 104 one hundred and four hundred and fourth 104th 1000 a(one) thounsand thounsandth 1000th 10000 ten

4、 thounsand ten thounsandth 10000th 1000000 one million millionth 1000000th 基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞都有一定的構(gòu)成方法，但都有特殊例外的幾個(gè)字，所以除了要學(xué)會(huì)一般構(gòu)成法之外，還要特別記熟一些例外。因它們?cè)诳荚囍谐霈F(xiàn)的頻率很高。1 基數(shù)詞構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)2199的兩位數(shù)字，在10位和個(gè)位之間加連字符構(gòu)成，如89-eighty-nine.的三位數(shù)字，由hundred 加and 再加二位數(shù)或未位數(shù)字，如： 101-one hundred and one, 223-two hundred and twenty-three.四位以上數(shù)字，應(yīng)從個(gè)位起

5、向前數(shù)三位加逗號(hào)，讀作thousand,再數(shù)三位加第二個(gè)逗號(hào)，讀作million,再數(shù)三位加逗號(hào)，讀作billion，其讀法如下：1001-one thousand and one-five thousand, three hundred and eightysix要注意的是hundred, thousand, million與billion的用法。前面有別的基數(shù)詞時(shí)，即若干個(gè)百、千、百萬、十億時(shí)，其本身都不要加s，如：three hundred students。 若表示成百，成千或數(shù)百，數(shù)千時(shí)，前面不能有基數(shù)詞，但其本身要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，然后+of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)。如：thousands and t

6、housands of。 (成千上萬)2 序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成法序數(shù)詞除first, second, third 以外，其余一般在詞尾加th構(gòu)成，除一般略有差異的各別數(shù)詞外，很容易掌握。其二位數(shù)或多位數(shù)只將后面的個(gè)位數(shù)字改為序數(shù)詞，其前面各位數(shù)字均不改變，都用基數(shù)詞。3 其他數(shù)字表示法小數(shù)的小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作point，零讀作o或zero,小數(shù)點(diǎn)后面的數(shù)字按個(gè)位基數(shù)詞依次讀出。分?jǐn)?shù)分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，當(dāng)分子大于1時(shí)，分?jǐn)?shù)要在序數(shù)詞上加s，但用one half, 1 4 用a quarter. 讀作one third而 讀作two thirds。百分?jǐn)?shù)(%)，讀作per cent (percent),但

7、不論是多少均用作單數(shù)形式不能加s。表示日期有兩種說法和四種寫法，如：2月1號(hào)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)法為：the first of February而美語(yǔ)為February (the) first,但其書寫上可有四種寫法February 1 February 1st 1st February 1/2。倍數(shù)的講法有所不同。兩倍用twice,而三倍以上用序數(shù)詞加times,如：He has three times as many books as I have. (二) 正誤辨析 誤 1107 should be read as a thousand a hundred as seven. 正 1107 shou

8、ld be read as one thousand one hundred and seven. 析 在讀數(shù)字時(shí)，如：and前只有百或千時(shí)，用one hundred/ one thousand 還是a hundred /a thousand全是可以的。但如果文有百又有千時(shí)，則只能用one不要用a。 如果沒有and時(shí)，如：1100也只能讀作one thousand one hundred 或eleven hundred. 誤 I drove about half mile. 正 I drove about half a mile. 析 半小時(shí)為half an hour, 半天為half a d

9、ay, 半鎊為half a pound, 盡量避免用half a year, half a month, 要用six months, two weeks 或 fifteen days 要注意的是Half of the work is done Half of the books are sold. 當(dāng)Half 作名詞時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要看of后面的名詞而定。如名詞是不可數(shù)名詞則用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如是復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，則要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。要注意的是一個(gè)半的表達(dá)法，如：One and a half apples is left on the table.其名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則要用單數(shù)。 誤 60 stu

10、dents are playing on the ground. 正 Sixty students are playing on the ground. 析 在句首的數(shù)字要用文字而不要用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字，如數(shù)字過大則應(yīng)放于句中，用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字。如： There are 166 students playing on the ground. 誤 He became famous around fifty years old. 正 He became famous in his fifties. 析 in his fifties 50多歲時(shí)，而in the fiflies 在50年代。 誤 There a

11、re about two thousands workers in our factory. 正 There are about two thousand workers in our factory 析 幾千，幾百的表達(dá)法是基數(shù)詞加thousand或加hundred,而且均不要加s。這樣的單位還有dozen(打)， score (20年)等。 誤 In the morning there are hundred of old people walking in the park. 正 In the morning there are hundreds of old people walkin

12、g in the park. 析 當(dāng)表達(dá)數(shù)百，數(shù)千時(shí)，要用hundreds of和thousands of 這一結(jié)構(gòu)。 誤 The class begins at eight a. m. 正 The class begins at 8 a. m. 析 與符號(hào)或與縮寫的字母連用時(shí)一定要用數(shù)字，如：43%， 67, No.2 誤 Twofifth of the books are sold out. 正 Twofifths of the books are sold out. 析 分?jǐn)?shù)表示法，分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，但分子大于1時(shí)，分母要在序數(shù)詞后加s。 誤 Tom was born on J

13、uly eighteen. 正 Tom was born on July eighteenth. 析 月日的表達(dá)法有美語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)兩種。 美語(yǔ) July 18 讀作 July eighteenth 英語(yǔ) July 18th 讀作 July the eighteenth 誤 I'll go to school at 7 a. m. in the morning. 正 I'll go to school at 7 a. m/ at 7 in the morning. 析 a. m 即表達(dá)在早上之意，不要再用in the morning. 誤 The film will begin at

14、 three quarters past one. 正 The film will begin at one quarter to two. 析 大于30分鐘時(shí)不要使用past，而要用差多少不到幾點(diǎn)的to來表達(dá)。 誤 Three time three is nine. 正 Three times three is nine. 析 times 此處作為"乘"講一定要加s。 英語(yǔ)中乘除法表達(dá)式如下： 算法 種類 例 句 加法 一般 Five and six is eleven. 正式 Five plus six is (equals) eleven. 減法 一般 Eight t

15、ake away four leaves (is) four.Four from Eight leaves (is) four. 正式 Eight minus four equals (is) four. 乘法 一般 Three fours are twelve 3×4=12 正式 Three times four equals (is) twelve. 一般 Two in to four is two. 正式 Four divided by two equals two. (三) 例題解析1 - How many students are there in your school,

16、 Mike?- There are over students in our school.A. two thousands B. two thousands of C. two thousand D. two thousand of 答案 C. 析 有基數(shù)詞在前面時(shí)thousand， hundred 等詞不能加s，也不能加of結(jié)構(gòu)，只有在thousands of時(shí)才可以使用。2 John lives on floor. He doesn't use a lift to go up and down.A. nineB. the ninthC. ninthD. a ninth 答案 B.

17、 析 序數(shù)詞前加定冠詞，nine 與 ninth 的拼寫上有一個(gè)e字母相差別。3 Wu Dong won the girls' race in the school sports meeting last week.A. 100 metresB. 100metresC. 100 metreD. 100metre 答案 D. 析 數(shù)詞、名詞、形容詞等詞用連字符連接成的形容詞中，名詞都不要加s，如： I have to write a twothousandword report.而且由連字符組成的形容詞只能放于名詞前，不能放于名詞后，作后置定語(yǔ)，或用在be動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)。4 There a

18、re students in our school.A. four hundred twentyB. four hundred and twentyC. four hundreds twentyD. four hundreds and twenty 答案 B.5 - How many days are there in a year?- There are .A. three hundreds and sixtyfiveB. three hundreds sixtyfiveC. three hundred and sixtyfiveD. three hundred sixty five 答案 C.6 We have learned about English words.A. nine hundredsB. nine hundredC. nine hundred ofD. nine hundreds of 答案 B.7 Autumn is season o