八年級上學(xué)期的英語語法總結(jié)

1、八年級上學(xué)期的英語語法總結(jié)(全部!一、只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞語有:many, many a(n, a good / great many, a (great / large number of, scores of, dozens of等。例如:Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening.開張后的頭幾天,很多人去了那兒。I have been there dozens of times.我已去過那兒很多次了。Therere a number of students reading English in t

2、he classroom.教室里有許多學(xué)生在讀英語。Many a student has(=many students havevisited the Great Wall.(謂語動詞用單數(shù)很多學(xué)生都游覽過長城。In winter, a good many animals sleep under the snow.冬天很多動物在雪下冬眠。注意: many所修飾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前若有限定詞,many 后面要接of, 表示中的很多。例如:A great many(of the graduates have found jobs.畢業(yè)生中很多人已經(jīng)找到了工作。二、只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞語有:much, a

3、 great deal of, a great / large amount of等。例如:Is there much water in the bucket?桶里有很多水嗎?He always has a great amount of work to do.他總是有很多工作要做。三、既能修飾可數(shù)名詞又能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞語有:a lot of, lots of, plenty of (以上三個詞語后謂語動詞的數(shù)依of 后的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定,a great / large quantity of (其后謂語用單數(shù),quantities of (其后謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:There is stil

4、l lots of snow in the garden.花園里還有許多雪。There is plenty of rain here.這兒的雨水很多。A great quantity of flowers was placed in the hall.大廳里放了很多鮮花。There are large quantities of food in the cupboard.櫥柜里有許多食物。在所有這些表示很多的詞語中many, much 是最常用的詞,它們既可以用于肯定句,也可以用于疑問句和否定句。例如:Are there many people in the street?街上有很多人嗎?Th

5、ere isnt much time left.剩下的時間不多了。其它的詞語都用于肯定句,日常會話中常用lots of, a lot of 或plenty of; 正式文體中常用a great many, a (large number of, a great deal of, scores of 或dozens of 等。但若肯定句中有too, so, as, very或how 等詞修飾時,則必須使用many, much。例如:The number of the people who lost their homes reached as many as 250,000.無家可歸的人數(shù)多達(dá)2

6、50,000人。There is too much work to do.要做的工作太多了?；蛘呤沁@樣的,你自己看下,哪Unit 1 How often do you exercise?Grammar: 特殊疑問句:wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。特殊疑問句的構(gòu)成及用法:結(jié)構(gòu):特殊疑問詞+ 一般疑問句,即:特殊疑問詞+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語+謂語/表語(+其他疑問代詞:1 Who:誰。做主語,用來指人Who is the boy under the tree?2Whom 誰,做賓語,用來指人Wh

7、om are you writing to?3 Whose 誰的,用來指所屬關(guān)系,如果做定語,一般后接名詞Whose pen is this?4 Which 哪個,哪些,用來指對人或物在一定范圍之內(nèi)進(jìn)行選擇Which grils wil l in the sports meeting? Which pen is Lilys?5What什么,通常指物,也可指人,一般用在沒有指出范圍的情況下What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now?疑問副詞:When:何時,詢問時間When will she come back?Where何地,

8、詢問地點,Where do you come from?Why為什么,詢問原因,Why are you late for school?How 如何,詢問手段、方式、工具以及程度等How do you usually go to school?How old多大,詢問年齡,How old is Jims little brother?How many/much多少,詢問數(shù)量How many birds are there in the tree?How far多遠(yuǎn),詢問距離,How far is it form your home to school?How long多長,多久,詢問時間的長度

9、或距離How long will you stay in Beijing?How often多長時間按一次,詢問頻率How often do you go to see your grandparents?How soon多久,詢問時間How soon will you come back?頻率副詞:表示動作發(fā)生的頻率,never, sometimes, often, usually, always.Unit 2 Whats the matter with you?Grammar:1. 用have 來描述身體不適have/have got a +疾病名字;得了病2.情態(tài)動詞should,情態(tài)動

10、詞should,can, may, must沒有人稱和時態(tài)的變化,后接動詞原形Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?Grammar:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表將來一般將來時表示將要做某事或計劃打算做某事要用到句型be+doing其中be是助動詞,它有人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)的變化。Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的形式,但用于表示將來。用進(jìn)行時表將來,常用于表示即將來臨的未來預(yù)定要做的事情,一般指個人計劃要做的事。用于此情況的動詞一般是表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞,如,go, come, leave, start, arrive, move等。一.肯定句中

11、,結(jié)構(gòu)為be+doing.I am going shopping this afternoon.二.否定句是在be之后加not. Im not going to shopping this afternoon.三.一般疑問句是將be置于句首Are you going shopping this afternoon?Yes, I am/ we are. No, Im not./ We arent.四.特殊疑問句疑問詞+一般疑問句語序。What are you doing for vacation? When is he going camping? Who are you going there

12、 with? Where is she going?Unit 4 How do you get to school?Grammar: How引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句:是指以How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等詞開頭的疑問句。How does he get to shool?- He takes the train to get to shool.How long does it take to walk? -It takes about 35 minutes to walk.How far is it from your home to

13、 school? Its four miles f rom my home to school.How old is he now? She is twelve years old now.How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks. How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan.特殊疑問句的簡略結(jié)構(gòu):how about?+ 名詞或動詞-ing形式,用于提出建議、請求或征求意見、詢問消息等。如:How about playing tennis?Unit 5 Can you come

14、to my party?Grammar:情態(tài)動詞can及邀請句式及其問答情態(tài)動詞can的用法:Can 是最長用的情態(tài)動詞,其后跟動詞原形,can的否定形式為cannot,cant.can表能力,意思是:能,會I can paly basketball,but I cant swim.can表示能力時可和be able to 互換,be able to有更多的時態(tài),常被用來表示can所不能表示的將來或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months. 表示可能性,意思是:可以,可能。That

15、 big cinema can seat 5,000 people.表示允許,意思是可以能夠You can have the book when I have finished it.表示驚訝、不相信等(用于疑問句、否定句或感嘆句中。意思是會、可能。This cant be true. Can it be true?如何發(fā)出、接受和謝絕別人的邀請表達(dá)邀請的常用句型:Can you come to?Could you come to?Would you like to come to?Do you want to come to?接受邀請的常用句型:Sure. Certainly. OK. Id

16、 love to.謝絕邀請的常用句型:Im sorry, I cant. I have toIm afraid I cant. I have toI dont think I can. I have toUnit 6 Im more outgoing than my sister.Grammar:形容詞的比較級規(guī)則變化、不規(guī)則變化(課本P93形容詞比較級前,有時可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times等詞來修飾。Much 和far表示得多,much better好得多,a little, a bit表示稍微,一些,一點。a little sh

17、orter, 稍微矮點;even表示甚至,更加,還要even bigger還要大些, three times表示三倍,如three times bigger than 比大三倍Very絕不可以用來修飾比較級,very,so,too, quite 修飾原級Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake?Grammar: 可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞一.可數(shù)名詞英語中的物質(zhì)名詞大體上可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞指物體的數(shù)量可數(shù)。其單數(shù)形式可在名詞前加a或an,表示一個,如a pear. 其負(fù)數(shù)形式要在詞尾加-s,或-es(特殊情況除外,如two bananas,

18、three tomatoes. Many many applesa few students few bags二.不可數(shù)名詞1.不可數(shù)名詞指物體的數(shù)量不可數(shù)。不可數(shù)名詞沒有單復(fù)數(shù)之分,也不能在詞前直接加冠詞a 或an.表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量時可在不可數(shù)名詞前加相應(yīng)的由量詞構(gòu)成的短語。如a bag of2.常見的量詞短語有:a piece of a cup of a teaspoon of a bottle of3.不可數(shù)名詞還可以用下面的詞表示數(shù)量:much much rain a little little4.既可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞有:Lots of= a lot of許

19、多,大量some一些(用于肯定句any一些(用于否定句和一般疑問句Unit 8 How was your school trip?Grammar:一般過去時:指在過去某一時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常和表示過去意義的時間狀語連用。如:yesterday, lastyear(week,month,two years ago, in2006等。有時也可用when,after,before, as soon as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。該時態(tài)在句中的體現(xiàn)是謂語動詞用過去式。謂語be動詞was/were 否定:wasnt /werentBe動詞句型一般疑問句:was/were +主語特殊疑問句:疑問詞+

20、was/were+主語陳述句:主語+was/were+(肯定句 否定句:主語+wasnt/werent+行為動詞句型(當(dāng)句中的動詞為行為動詞時,要借助動詞did構(gòu)成一般疑問句和否定句肯定式:主語+動詞過去式否定式:主語+didnt+動詞原形一般疑問句:Did +主語+動詞原形特殊疑問句:Did+主語+動詞原形Unit 9 When was he born?Grammar: 一般過去時的特殊疑問句一般過去時的特殊疑問句的變法同一般現(xiàn)在時一樣,不同之處在于須將be動詞或助動詞改為過去時態(tài),即特殊疑問詞+were或was(第三人稱單數(shù)+主語+(表語+其他成分或特殊疑問詞+助動詞did+主語+實義動詞

21、+其他成分。以when引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句,對某人的出生年月進(jìn)行提問,句型是:When was/wereborn? was/were born in +時間When was David beckham born? 大衛(wèi).貝克漢姆是什么時候出 生的？He was born in 1975. 二以 how long 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，對表示某一短時間的狀語 進(jìn)行提問。句型是： How long did + 主語+動詞？ How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months. 三When did he star

22、t hiccupping? 他什么時候開始打嗝？ When +did+主語+動詞？ Unit 10 Im going to be a basketball player. Grammar:一般將來時 表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)， 也表示將來經(jīng)常 或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。 1. be going to + 動詞原形 Sunday? 2. will/shall + 3.be +v.ing 動詞原形 I will go to my hometown next week. What are you going to do next The Greens are mo

23、ving to another city the day after tomorrow. 4. be +動詞不定式 You are to be back by 10 oclock. 5. be + about + 動詞不定式 The meeting is about to begin. Unit 11 Could you please clean your room? Grammar:情態(tài)動詞 11 情態(tài)動詞，表示說話者對某一動作的看法和態(tài)度，包括可能、懷 疑、 允許、 愿望、 必要、 猜測等。 Can(能、 會,may( 可以,must( 必 須、一定等。 情態(tài)動詞的特點：(1情態(tài)動詞有一定

24、詞義，但不能單獨作謂語， 必須和另一個動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語，且沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now. (2變否定句時，直接在情態(tài)動詞后面加 not,無需加助動詞。He cant play the guitar well. He cant answer the question. You mustnt be late. (3含有情態(tài)動詞的句子變一般疑問句時，須將情態(tài)動詞提前。 Can you help me? Must I go there at once? (4can 可表示能力、允許、可能性、懷疑猜測，意為“能，會， 可以?！眂ant,