從婦女主義的視角分析《紫顏色》中茜麗的成長

1、從婦女主義的視角分析紫顏色中茜麗的成長【作者】 曹姍姍；【導(dǎo)師】 岑瑋；【作者基本信息】 山東師范大學(xué)， 英語語言文學(xué)， 2008， 碩士【副題名】從婦女主義的視角分析紫顏色中茜麗的成長歷程【摘要】 非洲裔美國黑人女作家艾麗斯沃克對(duì)當(dāng)代美國女性文學(xué)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。她一直致力于探尋和創(chuàng)造新的文學(xué)形象。當(dāng)代黑人女作家,如托尼莫里森,通過塑造普通黑人婦女復(fù)雜的生活狀況對(duì)她的文學(xué)方法做出呼應(yīng)。沃克的作品對(duì)種族、性別、階級(jí)等問題做出了進(jìn)一步的闡釋。它們都無一例外的有一個(gè)共同的目標(biāo):塑造黑人婦女在雙重壓迫下的遭遇以及她們尋找一種新的生存方式。沃克許多作品舉世聞名,紫顏色是其代表作。該小說 1983

2、 年連獲美國普利策文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)、全國圖書獎(jiǎng)和全國書評(píng)家協(xié)會(huì)獎(jiǎng)三項(xiàng)大獎(jiǎng)。中國著名學(xué)者陶潔在紫顏色漢譯本的扉頁上寫到“紫顏色的成功之處不僅僅在于故事動(dòng)人,手法新穎。更重要的是這本小說探索了當(dāng)代美國社會(huì)的一些重大問題,是近年來美國黑人文學(xué)和婦女文學(xué)的一部代表作?！?紫顏色,前言 p.1)婦女主義是沃克在其散文集尋找我們母親的花園中提出的一個(gè)新的概念。1983 年,艾麗斯沃克創(chuàng)造出“婦女主義”一詞來代替“女權(quán)主義”,表達(dá)了她對(duì)女性的欣賞以及對(duì)女性這一性別的詮釋。從婦女主義的定義中,我們可以看出一個(gè)婦女主義者必備的品質(zhì)是:熱愛黑人,尤其是黑人婦女;欣賞自然美;珍愛黑人傳統(tǒng);為自己的尊嚴(yán)和幸福而奮斗。從以上可以

3、推出婦女主義具備三個(gè)特點(diǎn):反種族,反性別和非洲中心主義。本文通過分析婦女主義的三個(gè)特征,描繪了主人公,茜麗,的成長過程,主要分為三個(gè)章節(jié):第一章主要關(guān)注茜麗的反種族意識(shí)的覺醒。她的反種族意識(shí)主要從三個(gè)方面表現(xiàn)出來:茜麗對(duì)索菲亞被打事件的態(tài)度;茜麗對(duì)其繼父的態(tài)度;茜麗對(duì)上帝的態(tài)度。當(dāng)索菲亞被打并囚禁時(shí),茜麗對(duì)此事件的反映暗示出她對(duì)索菲亞的同情以及對(duì)白人的憤怒。正是白人和種族主義的存在,索菲亞才被迫入獄的。茜麗的繼父,逼死其生父迫害其他黑人,是白人的走狗,黑人的敗類。自始至終,茜麗都對(duì)其繼父充滿了鄙視之情。同時(shí),她對(duì)上帝態(tài)度的變化也反映出茜麗的反種族意識(shí),上帝在茜麗頭腦中一直以又高又大的白種人形象

4、出現(xiàn)的,但是在莎格的幫助下,茜麗逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到上帝既不是白種人也不是黑種人,而是代表萬物。第二章主要分析了茜麗的反性別意識(shí)。在茜麗的信中,她用一種特別的方式來稱呼男性形象,她稱呼她的丈夫?yàn)椤翱瞻紫壬?而不直呼其名艾爾伯特;稱呼她的繼父“他”而不稱其為父親,等等。這種奇特的男性形象命名方式反映了茜麗對(duì)男性的不滿和對(duì)他們的憤恨。本章的第二部分著重寫茜麗對(duì)紫顏色的追求,在小說的開始部分,茜麗不敢追求自己最喜愛的顏色紫色,然而,隨著她的成熟,她開始了對(duì)紫顏色的追求,這說明她開始打破男性的枷鎖追求自己的全新的生活。整篇小說由一封封的信件組合而成。這種書信體形式為茜麗表達(dá)自我提供了很大的空間。幾乎所有茜麗寫

5、給上帝的信后面都沒有簽名,而名字是一個(gè)人存在的標(biāo)志,不簽署自己的姓名反映出茜麗地位地下以及對(duì)自我的否定。她只是把自己當(dāng)成男人的附屬品。然而,最后在她給耐蒂的信中,她簽上了自己的名字“你的姐姐,茜麗”,這種變化反映出她對(duì)自己的認(rèn)可以及對(duì)男性形象的反抗。茜麗自信與語言的復(fù)得都取決于小說中其他女性形象的幫助,尤其是莎格。第三章主要關(guān)注茜麗對(duì)黑人傳統(tǒng)文化的珍愛。主人公茜麗所有的信件都用黑人俗語書寫而成。這并不是因?yàn)檐琨惒欢畼?biāo)準(zhǔn)英語,從小說中我們可以得知茜麗和耐蒂一起在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)多年,所以她肯定懂得并會(huì)使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語。她對(duì)黑人俗語的使用表達(dá)了她對(duì)非洲傳統(tǒng)的尊敬。手工勞動(dòng)是非洲傳統(tǒng)的文化遺產(chǎn),在這篇小說中通過

6、縫被子和做褲子表現(xiàn)出來。通過縫被子,茜麗和小說中的女性形象建立了深厚的友誼,她們幫助她成為一個(gè)真正的女人。通過做褲子,茜麗擁有了一家屬于自己的公司,成為了一個(gè)獨(dú)立的、充滿自信的新女性。通過以上分析,艾麗斯沃克指出了一條黑人婦女的解放之路:同男權(quán)統(tǒng)治及種族主義做斗爭(zhēng);黑人女性間的團(tuán)結(jié)互助和互相扶持;維護(hù)黑人的傳統(tǒng)文化遺產(chǎn)。黑人婦女最迫切要做的事情就是認(rèn)識(shí)到自己存在的價(jià)值,保持精神上的獨(dú)立和完整,從經(jīng)濟(jì)和意識(shí)上徹底擺脫男性的控制。 更多還原【Abstract】 Alice Walker is a distinguished African American femalewriter, who ex

7、erts a great impact on contemporary American literature.She has been one of the pioneering figures and creates a new voice inthe field of literature. Contemporary black women writers such asToni Morrison respond to her literary approach by portraying thecomplex existence of ordinary black women. Her

8、 writings give furtherdefinition to the issue of race, class and gender. All of them havethe same goal: to portray the plight of black women under doubleoppression and their search for survival.Walker has written manyfamous works represented by The Color Purple which received thePulitzer Prize, the

9、American Book Reward and National Book CriticCircle Award in 1983. Chinese scholar Tao Jie writes in the Prefaceto The Color Purple in Chinese version,“The success of The ColorPurple lies not only in the moving story and fresh writing style butalso and most importantly in that the novel involves fun

10、damentalAfro-American and woman issues in present-day American society. It isa representative work in current Afro-American literature and womenliterature.”1Womanism is a new concept put forward by AliceWalker in her essay collection In Search of Our MothersGardens(1983). In this book, Alice Walker

11、coins the term“womanism”toreplace the word“feminism”and to express her appreciation of womenand to interpret her knowledge of female gender. In the light of thedefinition of womanism, we can infer that a womanist is sure to loveblack people, especially black women, appreciate natural beauty,treasure

12、 black tradition and culture, and strive for self-esteem andhappiness. Through the above analysis, we can see that womanism iscolored by three kinds of features: anti-racism (loving black people),anti-sexism (loving black women, and striving for self-esteem andhappiness), and afracenterism (treasuri

13、ng black traditions).Thisthesis will be divided into three chapters to investigate the growthof Celie (the protagonist) through exploring the three features ofwomanism, each developing its own topic but all echoing eachother.Chapter one deals with Celies growing in her consciousness ofanti-race. It

14、is reflected in three aspects: her attitudes towardsSofia, towards Alphonso (her stepfather) and towards God. When Sofiais beaten and prisoned, Celies reaction reveals her sympathytowards Sofia and her outrage towards the whites. It is the whitesand racial discrimination that put Sofia into the pris

15、on. Celiesstepfather Alphonso, hounding Celies biological father to death andpersecuting other blacks, is not only the degenerate of the black butalso the flunky of the white. Celie always feels antipathetic to him.Meanwhile, her attitude towards God also reflects her consciousnessof anti-race. At f

16、irst, Celie regards God as“big and old and talland greybearded and white. Sort of bluish-grey. Cool. Big though.White lashes.”In her opinion, God is unquestionably a white personinstead of a black one. However, with Shugs help, her attitudetowards God changes and regards God as“everything”.Chapter t

17、wounfolds Celies growth in her consciousness of anti-sex. In Celiesletters, instead of calling the black men by names, she calls them ina unique way: she calls her husband“Mr._”instead of his real nameAlbert; she calls her stepfather“He”instead of father, etc. Theunique way of naming male characters

18、 reflects Celiesdissatisfaction with men and her hatred for them. The second part ofthis chapter runs down Celies pursuit of the color purple, whichrepresents true beauty and self-esteem, true beauty of spiritual andcreative nature, indomitable female spirit and female dignity andhappiness. At the b

19、eginning of the novel, Celie dares not to pursuethe color purple which she likes most, however, with her growth andmaturity, she has the courage to pursue her happiness and herfavourite colorpurple. This novel is organized in a unique andfemale formepistolary form, which furnishes Celie a stage toex

20、press herself. The whole story is written by letters, almost allthe letters that Celie writes to God have no signature, whichreflects Celies inferiority and unawareness of her existencebecause name is a sign of a persons existence. She just thinksherself as an appendant of men. However, at the end o

21、f the story, shesigns her signiture in her letters to Nettie,“Your sister, Celie”,which mirrors her regain of herself and her fight against maledomination. Celies regain of confidence and voice all thanks to thehelp of other female characters, especially Shug Avery.Chapter threefocuses on Celies con

22、sciousness of cherishing the unique blackcultures. Celie uses black vernacular to write all her letters. It isnot because Celie does not know Standard English. We can see from thenovel that Celie has studied for several years in school with Nettie,so it is sure that she can use the Standard English.

23、 Her usage of theblack vernacular reflects her respect for African traditions.Handiwork is traditional female heritage of Africa, represented byquilting and making pants in this novel. Through quilting, Celiemakes profound friendship with the female characters who help her tobe a real human being. T

24、hrough making pants, Celie has her owncompany and becomes an independent and confident woman.Through theabove analysis, Alice Walker provides a way for black womensindependence and liberation: they must fight against males and racialdiscrimination, unite each other and preserve their traditionalheri

25、tage. The most important thing the black women should do is torealize the value of their own existence, keep independence andspiritual wholeness, and break away from the control of men from theaspects of economy and spirit. 更多還原【關(guān)鍵詞】 紫顏色； 婦女主義； 黑人女性的成長；【Key words】 The Color Purple； womanism； black w

26、omens growth；參考文獻(xiàn)：由紫色看艾麗絲沃克的生態(tài)女性主義意識(shí)艾麗斯沃克在書信體小說紫顏色中描述了父權(quán)制社會(huì)中黑人女性生活的痛苦,表達(dá)了對(duì)同樣遭遇迫害的自然乃至地球的愛與憐憫。本文從紫色文本入手借由生態(tài)女性主義文學(xué)理論分析了作者的生態(tài)女.收錄數(shù)據(jù)庫：中文科技期刊數(shù)據(jù)庫 來源：劍南文學(xué)：下半月 2011 年第 9 期 作者：張婉華 機(jī)構(gòu)：蘭州教育學(xué)院 甘肅蘭州 730000受縛之娥,翩翩化蝶之旅談紫顏色中西麗的獨(dú)立之路本文將西麗的成長過程分為三個(gè)階段,清晰地刻畫了西麗在自身努力和姐妹情誼的幫助下從一個(gè)受種族、父權(quán)和男權(quán)壓迫的黑人女性到一個(gè)在人格、物質(zhì)和精神方面實(shí)現(xiàn)完全獨(dú)立的個(gè)體的過程。

27、西麗的認(rèn)命.收錄數(shù)據(jù)庫：中文科技期刊數(shù)據(jù)庫 來源：電影文學(xué) 2011 年 第 21 期作者：卓楊 張嚴(yán)秋 機(jī)構(gòu)：長春大學(xué) 吉林長春 130022從女性主義看陶潔漢譯紫顏色本文以陶潔翻譯的艾麗斯沃克具有女性特色的小說紫顏色（1998）漢譯本為研究對(duì)象。在性別視角下，分析陶潔如何彰顯她的性別意識(shí)。同時(shí)在對(duì)陶譯本研究分析的基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用女性主義翻譯理論對(duì)比.收錄數(shù)據(jù)庫：中文科技期刊數(shù)據(jù)庫 來源：劍南文學(xué)：經(jīng)典閱讀 2011年 第 10 期 作者：肖海艷 巫丹 機(jī)構(gòu)：湖南信息科學(xué)職業(yè)學(xué)院 湖南長沙410151【作者】 曹姍姍；【導(dǎo)師】 岑瑋；【作者基本信息】 山東師范大學(xué)， 英語語言文學(xué)， 2008，

28、碩士【副題名】從婦女主義的視角分析紫顏色中茜麗的成長歷程【摘要】 非洲裔美國黑人女作家艾麗斯沃克對(duì)當(dāng)代美國女性文學(xué)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。她一直致力于探尋和創(chuàng)造新的文學(xué)形象。當(dāng)代黑人女作家,如托尼莫里森,通過塑造普通黑人婦女復(fù)雜的生活狀況對(duì)她的文學(xué)方法做出呼應(yīng)。沃克的作品對(duì)種族、性別、階級(jí)等問題做出了進(jìn)一步的闡釋。它們都無一例外的有一個(gè)共同的目標(biāo):塑造黑人婦女在雙重壓迫下的遭遇以及她們尋找一種新的生存方式。沃克許多作品舉世聞名,紫顏色是其代表作。該小說 1983 年連獲美國普利策文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)、全國圖書獎(jiǎng)和全國書評(píng)家協(xié)會(huì)獎(jiǎng)三項(xiàng)大獎(jiǎng)。中國著名學(xué)者陶潔在紫顏色漢譯本的扉頁上寫到“紫顏色的成功之處不僅僅在于

29、故事動(dòng)人,手法新穎。更重要的是這本小說探索了當(dāng)代美國社會(huì)的一些重大問題,是近年來美國黑人文學(xué)和婦女文學(xué)的一部代表作?！?紫顏色,前言 p.1)婦女主義是沃克在其散文集尋找我們母親的花園中提出的一個(gè)新的概念。1983 年,艾麗斯沃克創(chuàng)造出“婦女主義”一詞來代替“女權(quán)主義”,表達(dá)了她對(duì)女性的欣賞以及對(duì)女性這一性別的詮釋。從婦女主義的定義中,我們可以看出一個(gè)婦女主義者必備的品質(zhì)是:熱愛黑人,尤其是黑人婦女;欣賞自然美;珍愛黑人傳統(tǒng);為自己的尊嚴(yán)和幸福而奮斗。從以上可以推出婦女主義具備三個(gè)特點(diǎn):反種族,反性別和非洲中心主義。本文通過分析婦女主義的三個(gè)特征,描繪了主人公,茜麗,的成長過程,主要分為三個(gè)章

30、節(jié):第一章主要關(guān)注茜麗的反種族意識(shí)的覺醒。她的反種族意識(shí)主要從三個(gè)方面表現(xiàn)出來:茜麗對(duì)索菲亞被打事件的態(tài)度;茜麗對(duì)其繼父的態(tài)度;茜麗對(duì)上帝的態(tài)度。當(dāng)索菲亞被打并囚禁時(shí),茜麗對(duì)此事件的反映暗示出她對(duì)索菲亞的同情以及對(duì)白人的憤怒。正是白人和種族主義的存在,索菲亞才被迫入獄的。茜麗的繼父,逼死其生父迫害其他黑人,是白人的走狗,黑人的敗類。自始至終,茜麗都對(duì)其繼父充滿了鄙視之情。同時(shí),她對(duì)上帝態(tài)度的變化也反映出茜麗的反種族意識(shí),上帝在茜麗頭腦中一直以又高又大的白種人形象出現(xiàn)的,但是在莎格的幫助下,茜麗逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到上帝既不是白種人也不是黑種人,而是代表萬物。第二章主要分析了茜麗的反性別意識(shí)。在茜麗的信中,

31、她用一種特別的方式來稱呼男性形象,她稱呼她的丈夫?yàn)椤翱瞻紫壬?而不直呼其名艾爾伯特;稱呼她的繼父“他”而不稱其為父親,等等。這種奇特的男性形象命名方式反映了茜麗對(duì)男性的不滿和對(duì)他們的憤恨。本章的第二部分著重寫茜麗對(duì)紫顏色的追求,在小說的開始部分,茜麗不敢追求自己最喜愛的顏色紫色,然而,隨著她的成熟,她開始了對(duì)紫顏色的追求,這說明她開始打破男性的枷鎖追求自己的全新的生活。整篇小說由一封封的信件組合而成。這種書信體形式為茜麗表達(dá)自我提供了很大的空間。幾乎所有茜麗寫給上帝的信后面都沒有簽名,而名字是一個(gè)人存在的標(biāo)志,不簽署自己的姓名反映出茜麗地位地下以及對(duì)自我的否定。她只是把自己當(dāng)成男人的附屬品。

32、然而,最后在她給耐蒂的信中,她簽上了自己的名字“你的姐姐,茜麗”,這種變化反映出她對(duì)自己的認(rèn)可以及對(duì)男性形象的反抗。茜麗自信與語言的復(fù)得都取決于小說中其他女性形象的幫助,尤其是莎格。第三章主要關(guān)注茜麗對(duì)黑人傳統(tǒng)文化的珍愛。主人公茜麗所有的信件都用黑人俗語書寫而成。這并不是因?yàn)檐琨惒欢畼?biāo)準(zhǔn)英語,從小說中我們可以得知茜麗和耐蒂一起在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)多年,所以她肯定懂得并會(huì)使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語。她對(duì)黑人俗語的使用表達(dá)了她對(duì)非洲傳統(tǒng)的尊敬。手工勞動(dòng)是非洲傳統(tǒng)的文化遺產(chǎn),在這篇小說中通過縫被子和做褲子表現(xiàn)出來。通過縫被子,茜麗和小說中的女性形象建立了深厚的友誼,她們幫助她成為一個(gè)真正的女人。通過做褲子,茜麗擁有了一家屬

33、于自己的公司,成為了一個(gè)獨(dú)立的、充滿自信的新女性。通過以上分析,艾麗斯沃克指出了一條黑人婦女的解放之路:同男權(quán)統(tǒng)治及種族主義做斗爭(zhēng);黑人女性間的團(tuán)結(jié)互助和互相扶持;維護(hù)黑人的傳統(tǒng)文化遺產(chǎn)。黑人婦女最迫切要做的事情就是認(rèn)識(shí)到自己存在的價(jià)值,保持精神上的獨(dú)立和完整,從經(jīng)濟(jì)和意識(shí)上徹底擺脫男性的控制。 更多還原【Abstract】 Alice Walker is a distinguished African American femalewriter, who exerts a great impact on contemporary American literature.She has bee

34、n one of the pioneering figures and creates a new voice inthe field of literature. Contemporary black women writers such asToni Morrison respond to her literary approach by portraying thecomplex existence of ordinary black women. Her writings give furtherdefinition to the issue of race, class and ge

35、nder. All of them havethe same goal: to portray the plight of black women under doubleoppression and their search for survival.Walker has written manyfamous works represented by The Color Purple which received thePulitzer Prize, the American Book Reward and National Book CriticCircle Award in 1983.

36、Chinese scholar Tao Jie writes in the Prefaceto The Color Purple in Chinese version,“The success of The ColorPurple lies not only in the moving story and fresh writing style butalso and most importantly in that the novel involves fundamentalAfro-American and woman issues in present-day American soci

37、ety. It isa representative work in current Afro-American literature and womenliterature.”1Womanism is a new concept put forward by AliceWalker in her essay collection In Search of Our MothersGardens(1983). In this book, Alice Walker coins the term“womanism”toreplace the word“feminism”and to express

38、her appreciation of womenand to interpret her knowledge of female gender. In the light of thedefinition of womanism, we can infer that a womanist is sure to loveblack people, especially black women, appreciate natural beauty,treasure black tradition and culture, and strive for self-esteem andhappine

39、ss. Through the above analysis, we can see that womanism iscolored by three kinds of features: anti-racism (loving black people),anti-sexism (loving black women, and striving for self-esteem andhappiness), and afracenterism (treasuring black traditions).Thisthesis will be divided into three chapters

40、 to investigate the growthof Celie (the protagonist) through exploring the three features ofwomanism, each developing its own topic but all echoing eachother.Chapter one deals with Celies growing in her consciousness ofanti-race. It is reflected in three aspects: her attitudes towardsSofia, towards

41、Alphonso (her stepfather) and towards God. When Sofiais beaten and prisoned, Celies reaction reveals her sympathytowards Sofia and her outrage towards the whites. It is the whitesand racial discrimination that put Sofia into the prison. Celiesstepfather Alphonso, hounding Celies biological father to

42、 death andpersecuting other blacks, is not only the degenerate of the black butalso the flunky of the white. Celie always feels antipathetic to him.Meanwhile, her attitude towards God also reflects her consciousnessof anti-race. At first, Celie regards God as“big and old and talland greybearded and

43、white. Sort of bluish-grey. Cool. Big though.White lashes.”In her opinion, God is unquestionably a white personinstead of a black one. However, with Shugs help, her attitudetowards God changes and regards God as“everything”.Chapter twounfolds Celies growth in her consciousness of anti-sex. In Celies

44、letters, instead of calling the black men by names, she calls them ina unique way: she calls her husband“Mr._”instead of his real nameAlbert; she calls her stepfather“He”instead of father, etc. Theunique way of naming male characters reflects Celiesdissatisfaction with men and her hatred for them. T

45、he second part ofthis chapter runs down Celies pursuit of the color purple, whichrepresents true beauty and self-esteem, true beauty of spiritual andcreative nature, indomitable female spirit and female dignity andhappiness. At the beginning of the novel, Celie dares not to pursuethe color purple wh

46、ich she likes most, however, with her growth andmaturity, she has the courage to pursue her happiness and herfavourite colorpurple. This novel is organized in a unique andfemale formepistolary form, which furnishes Celie a stage toexpress herself. The whole story is written by letters, almost allthe

47、 letters that Celie writes to God have no signature, whichreflects Celies inferiority and unawareness of her existencebecause name is a sign of a persons existence. She just thinksherself as an appendant of men. However, at the end of the story, shesigns her signiture in her letters to Nettie,“Your

48、sister, Celie”,which mirrors her regain of herself and her fight against maledomination. Celies regain of confidence and voice all thanks to thehelp of other female characters, especially Shug Avery.Chapter threefocuses on Celies consciousness of cherishing the unique blackcultures. Celie uses black vernacular to write all her letters. It isnot because Celie does not know St