完形填空技巧及應(yīng)用MicrosoftWord文檔

1、完形填空解題技巧與應(yīng)用新課標(biāo)規(guī)定的閱讀技能測(cè)試要點(diǎn)如下： 1.理解主旨大意； 2.尋讀具體信息； 3.理解細(xì)節(jié)； 4.根據(jù)上下文提供語境推測(cè)生詞詞義，進(jìn)而加深對(duì)文段的理解； 5.簡單的判斷和推理； 6.理解文段的基本邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)； 7.解作者的意圖和態(tài)度； 8. 理解文段的文化信息。 測(cè)試方式共有11種，而其中的完形填空也是歷屆高考必有的題型之一，所占分值比例較大，并且由于在試卷中所處的位置較前，因此如何能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)更好的完成這類試題對(duì)考生的影響較大：完形填空做得好，則考生對(duì)后面的試題就越有信心。 完形填空解題技巧 （一）前后呼應(yīng)法 做完形填空時(shí)，要始終抓住文章本身，聯(lián)系“雙語境”來判斷，既大語境

2、全文中心和基調(diào)，小語境空格前后句子所構(gòu)成的語境；再根據(jù)前有伏筆后有呼應(yīng)的思路來做題。1）)如： In the depths of my memory, many things I did with my father still live. These things come to represent, in fact, what I call _21_and love. 21A. desire B. joy C. anger D. worry 第21題 B，根據(jù)后面作者所回憶的事情來判斷，他的父親帶給他的應(yīng)是愛與歡樂，所以選B:joy ，而其他選項(xiàng)都沒有給出相應(yīng)的事情來呼應(yīng)。 2） But

3、I loved being in the swimming pool close to my fathers office and _29_those summer days with my father, who _30_ come by on a break. I needed him to see what I could do. My father would stand there in his suit,30A. should B. would C. had to D. ought to 第30題 B，由后面兩句可得知父親會(huì)在休息時(shí)過來看“我”，特別后面提到“My father w

4、ould stand there in his suit, ” 同樣這兒用would更合理。 3）A poet once said, “We look at life once, in childhood,; the rest is _39_.” And I think it is not only what we “l(fā)ook at once, in childhood” that determines our memories, but _40_, in that childhood, look at us. 39A. memory B. wealth C. experience D. pr

5、actice第39題 A，作者認(rèn)為不僅是我們童年所看到的事物決定了我們的記憶，而且還包括那時(shí)關(guān)愛我們的人。所以詩人所說的“the rest”就應(yīng)該是memory與下一句的“determines our memories”相呼應(yīng)。 （二）But 轉(zhuǎn)折法 在完形填空題中，but 一詞前后通常會(huì)設(shè)題。文中一出現(xiàn)but，應(yīng)該馬上想到前后語意有轉(zhuǎn)折，只要知道其中一方的語意，就可以推出另一方的意思，所以在做題時(shí)，遇到類似but的詞，如：however, nevertheless, whereas, yet等，也可以同樣處理，以便于從文中找到解題的依據(jù)。如: The family were enjoying

6、 the trip._ about three hours later things began to change.A. And B. But C Or D. Even根據(jù)上下文的句意，可以判斷故事情節(jié)有所變化。所以表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選項(xiàng)為B. But（三）絕對(duì)矛盾法 絕對(duì)矛盾法是從選項(xiàng)著手分析，若四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)是絕對(duì)矛盾和對(duì)立，那么正確選項(xiàng)大多在這兩個(gè)對(duì)立項(xiàng)之間產(chǎn)生。二者必居其一.至于究竟是兩者中的哪一個(gè)，則需要進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的語境來判斷。例如 1）Most computers have a memory(存儲(chǔ)器). They can work millions of times _

7、3_ than man. That means information can be put in _4_ and be taken out any time when needed. 第3題的選項(xiàng)分別是A.slow B. slower C. fast D. faster 據(jù)觀察應(yīng)選用比較級(jí)，所以先排除A和C，在根據(jù)后面的一句及我們的常識(shí)可知，電腦的工作效率要比人快，所以在B，D這兩個(gè)對(duì)立項(xiàng)中，自然就可以很輕松地把正確答案D選出來了。 2）又如 The Great Wall, one of the greatest wonders of the world, was enlisted in t

8、he World Heritage in 1987. Just _1_ a dragon, it winds its way from east to west of China. With a history of more than 2000 years. Some sections are now in ruins or even entirely_2_ . 第2題的選項(xiàng)分別是A.appeared B. missed C. went D. disappeared 顯然A和D 是對(duì)立項(xiàng)，根據(jù)題意可知長城的一些部分已經(jīng)破敗不堪，甚至完全消失，故答案就是D. disappeared 。 還有完

9、形填空中有一部分是這樣的： 3）Jazz is Americas contribution to _5_ music. Compared to classical music, which _6_ formal European traditions, jazz is a free form. 第5題的選項(xiàng)分別是 A. classical B. scared C. popular D. light 其中A與C相對(duì)立，通過后一句“Compared to classical music,”可知正確選項(xiàng)為C。 （四）同義復(fù)現(xiàn)法 同義復(fù)現(xiàn)是英語中常見的一種現(xiàn)象。為強(qiáng)調(diào)某一意思，但又不想重復(fù)使用某個(gè)詞或

10、短語。在完形填空題中，同義詞或同義短語的位置多半比較靠近，很容易找到，所以同義復(fù)現(xiàn)法是很好的解題技巧。無須過多的推理，只需確定是哪里使用了同義復(fù)現(xiàn)，然后從選項(xiàng)中找出與之相符合的一項(xiàng)即可。 1）如2007學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末考試樣卷（湖州市）高一英語完形填空的第三段： That night he wrote a seven-page paper describing his _45_ of someday owning a horse ranch. He wrote his dream in great detail and _46_ drew a diagram of a 200-acre ran

11、ch _47_ the locaion of everthing important there. 第45題的選項(xiàng)分別是A. mind B. chance C. goal D. design 正確答案C：goal與下一句中的dream同義，并且結(jié)合上下文得出他寫了37頁紙來描述他自己的目標(biāo)，也就是他的夢(mèng)想。 2）高中學(xué)習(xí)叢書英語高一（Book1,2）第82頁的完形填空最后一段： I was worried and I sank in my thoughts. I didnt even _19_ that the coffee was bad, _20_ Steven didnt notice

12、there was a person next to him. 第19題的選項(xiàng)分別為A. pretend B. understand C. insist D. realize 第20題的選項(xiàng)分別為A. as if B. just as C. just after D. even though 第20題的正確選項(xiàng)為B. just as。由此可知第19題的正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)與由“just as”引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞“notice”同義，故選D. realize。 （五）單句分析法。 這是完形填空考查項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)最簡單的一種。它相當(dāng)于一道單項(xiàng)選擇題，它不需要通過上下文，而是讀它本句即能判斷出正確答案。例如：M

13、ET90完形填空中的第一句 While my father was an officer of the British army in South Africa, we lived in a 41_ house.四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別為：A. two-storeyed B. two storeyed C. two-storeys D. two storeys 只要學(xué)過構(gòu)詞法，考生很容易就能選出正確答案是A。不過該考查項(xiàng)在完形填空的設(shè)計(jì)中所占的比例很小。 通過文章深層意義的理解選擇答案。 六）深層意義理解法 它要求考生不僅要有廣博的知識(shí)、豐富的生活經(jīng)歷，還要求學(xué)生們能夠駕馭全文，不僅理解文章的表層意義，而

14、且要弄清文章的深層意義。如NMET94完形填空的第一句： It was an early morning in summer. In the street, sleeply-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their 41 A. jobs B. homes C. buses D. offices 從信息詞“early morning”和“sleepy-eyed”來判斷，B. homes不符合邏輯，按生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他們是去上班。這時(shí)有些考生就會(huì)認(rèn)為，既然上班，就要去“擠公交車”或“去辦公室”。但上班的人也有步行的、騎車的或坐地鐵的，也

15、有自己開車去的。人們上班有去農(nóng)場、煤礦，露天碼頭，還有工廠車間，不一定去辦公室。因此，C. buses和D. offices不符合現(xiàn)實(shí)生活，只有A. jobs最合乎生活實(shí)際，人們起床后，各自奔向自己的工作崗位。 下面請(qǐng)同學(xué)們?cè)囍凑绽蠋煹慕忸}提示去完成下面這篇完形填空Life is not always smooth. There was a man who had 36 numerous failures in his life. But he said, “One success is 37 for me!”When he was five years old, his father di

16、ed of illness without leaving him any 38 . Since then, his mother worked outside 39 he had to stay at home and take care of his siblings. He learnt cooking since then.When he was fourteen, he dropped 40 and began his life of loving.When he was eighteen, he married a girl, who, 41 , sold out all his

17、properties and went back to her home several months after their marriage. When he was twenty, he 42 his job from electrician to ferry staff to railway worker. All his jobs were 43 for him.When he was thirty-five, misfortune again 44 on him. When he was driving across a huge bridge, the steel ropes a

18、long the edge of the bridge were broken and he fell into the river with his car. He suffered such severe injuries that he could no longer continue his 45 .When he was 46 , he opened a gas station in a town. However, he 47 dispute (爭端) because he beat his competitors 48 the billboard hanging problems

19、.When he was forty-seven, he 49 his second wife, which had 50 stricken his three children.When he was sixty-six, he made a living by 51 his chicken-frying techniques to various restaurants in different places.When he was seventy-five, he felt 52 to maintain his company, so he transferred his brand a

20、nd patent to others. The new owner suggested giving him ten thousand stock shares as part of the purchasing price. But he 53 the suggestion. Later the price of the stocks of the company soared and he lost the chance of being a billionaire.When he was eighty-eight, he achieved great success and becam

21、e well-known to the whole world.He was exactly the founder of Kentucky Fried Chicken, Ha Lunda Sandoz. He often said, “People always complain about the bad 54 . Actually it is not bad at all. As long as you are 55 and confident all the time, you will have a good weather every day. ”36. A. achieved B

22、. undergone C. tried D. undertook37. A. greatB. important C. valuable D. enough38. A. words B. money C. property D. families39. A. while B. but C. when D. so40. A. in B. out C. down D. up41. A. meanwhile B. moreover C. however D. therefore42. A. started B. took C. lost D. changed43. A. fit B. tough

23、C. unusual D. adequate44. A. fell B. hit C. put D. rested45. A. life B. major C. job D. education46. A. forty B. thirty-five C. fifty-three D. seventy47. A. went through B. came into C. came about D. went against48. A. contributing to B. judging from C. owing to D. leading to49. A. changed B. marrie

24、d C. missed D. divorced 50. A. deeply B. highly C. generally D. thickly51. A. learning B. promoting C. developing D. teaching52. A. powerless B. depressed C. disappointed D. hopeless53. A. turned up B. turned to C. turned down D. turned in54. A. difficulties B. misfortune C. life D. weather 55. A. h

25、ard-working B. brave C. cautious D. optimistic 同學(xué)們 通過這次的練習(xí)，你有進(jìn)步嗎？ 加油！下去以后多多練習(xí)?！敬鸢浮?6-55 BDCAB CDBAC ABCDA BACDD解題指導(dǎo) 無論是哪種形式的閱讀技能檢測(cè)，只有在平時(shí)的課堂教學(xué)中扎實(shí)學(xué)生的語言基礎(chǔ)，才使學(xué)生穩(wěn)步提高用英語獲取信息，處理信息，發(fā)現(xiàn)問題和解決問題的能力。無法想象一位詞匯貧乏，語法不通，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不清的學(xué)生能在完形填空題中得高分。所以作為教師的我們有義務(wù)從小處著手，從細(xì)節(jié)做起，逐漸地培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的解題能力。具體可以從以下幾點(diǎn)做起： （一） 詞匯分類 可以單元或模塊為單位，把其中的近義詞，反義詞等歸類，這樣就能使學(xué)生在遇到有同義反復(fù)或絕對(duì)矛盾題型時(shí)，更快地找到正確的答案。 如在Book 1里就有這樣一些近義詞或詞組：opinion, view; destroy, damage; as if, as t