膜技術和環(huán)境保護中的水處理英文翻譯

1、ApplicationofmembraneinwatertreatmentApplicationofmembraneinwatertreatmentTheapplicationofmembraneinwatertreatmentdependsonitseffectivenessofseparationandcostofprocess.Asanadvancedseparationtechnology,itisendowedwithmanyadvantages:highselectivity,applicabilityunderambienttemperaturewithoutphasechang

2、e,lowcostofenergy,highlevelofautomation,lowpollutionandetc.1 1DesalinationofseawaterandblackwaterDesalinationofseawaterandblackwaterROisthemosteconomicalwayforthedesalinationofseawaterandblackwater.Theenergyconsumptionislessthan5kWh/tforseawateror0.53kWh/tforblackwater.ThebiggestplantofROforseawater

3、desalinationcanproducewater2.1105m3/d,forblackwateris1.3105m3/d.ItseemsthatROisthebestmethodtosolvetheproblemofdrinkingwaterandindustrialwaterinthedraughtareas.ItcanbeverifiedbythefactthatmostofthelargestdesalinationplantsarelocatedinMiddleEastasshownintab.23.2 2PurificationofdrinkingwaterPurificati

4、onofdrinkingwaterMembraneisthebesttoolforthepurificationofdrinkingwaterbecauseitcanremovethesuspendedsubstance,bacteria,toxicmetalliccomponentsandorganiccomponentstoimprovethewaterquality.90%ofthecitywaterisproductivewater,only9%suppliedwateristhedomesticwaterandonly1%isdrinkingwater.Tosupplywaterse

5、paratelyfortheresidentzonesisaneffectivewaytoimprovethequalityofdrinkingwater.Supplyingwaterseparatelyistotreatthe1%suppliedwaterwithmembraneforspecialpurpose.SeparatesupplysystemhasbeenbuiltinsomeresidentzonesofBeijingandShenyang,whichmainlyuseROmembrane.Tab.2Tab.2Thelargestfivedesalinationplantsin

6、theworldCountryProductioncapacity(m3/d)UnitnumberWorkyearMembranecompanySaudiArabia128000151998TOYOBOSaudiArabia90909151999DUPONTSaudiArabia56800101989TOYOBOSaudiArabia56800101994TOYOBOSpain56400101998DUPONTTheworldtotalcapacityofdesalinationin1998is22735000m3/d.3 3ReuseofmunicipaldomesticsewageReus

7、eofmunicipaldomesticsewageCitysewageisanimportantpotentialwaterresource.Recycledwaterfordifferentpurposescanbeproducedfromthedomesticsewagewithmembrane.Itisaneffectivewaytosolvetheshortageofwaterresource.Thereare3domesticsewagetreatmentfactoriesinBeijing,andanother4areunderconstruction.Inaddition,15

8、morearetobebuilt.Thesewagetreatratiowillmountto80%in2006.Twomilliontonsofthetreatedwaterwillflowoutfromthesewastewatertreatmentfactories.Aftertreatedwithmembrane,thewatercanbereusedforindustrialpurpose,greenareaandotherfields.Inthisway,themunicipalsuppliedwatercanbereduced,andthewaterresourcecanbefu

9、llyutilized.Ifthemembranetechnologyisappliedinthedeeptreatmentofthecitysewage,morethanonemilliontonsofdischargedwastewaterwillbereducedeverydayonlyinBeijing.Atthesametime,morethanonemilliontonsofthewaterresourcecanbesaved.Soitwouldretrench0.36billiontonsofwaterperyear.Thismethodcanreducethewaterpoll

10、ution,aswellpreservethewaterresource.4 4TreatmentofindustrialwastewaterTreatmentofindustrialwastewaterIndustrialwastewaterhasmanytypesinlargequantityanditisveryharmful.Ifthewastewatercanbetreated,itwouldnotonlypreservetheresource,butalsoprotecttheenvironmentbecausethewastewatercontainssomedeleteriou

11、ssubstancessuchasoil,metallicions,phenolandetc.Themembranetechnologybearssplendidsignificanceintheindustrialwastewatertreatment.Inearly1970s,ROmembranebegantomaketheelectricplatingwastewaterrecycled;ChargedUFmembraneturnedtheelectrocoatingsysteminautomaticcompanyintocleanproducingline.Thewastewatert

12、reatmentwithmembranerecycledthewastewaterindyeingprocess;UFmembraneisakeytechnologyforthereuseofoilwastewater.4Futureofmembraneapplicationinwatertreatment4FutureofmembraneapplicationinwatertreatmentTheessenceofmembranetechnologyisahighlyeffectivematerial.Thematerialshouldprovidehighflux,highselectiv

13、ityandsoon.Inthewastewatertreatment,weoftenencounterhazardouscondition.Undersuchkindofcircumstances,organicmembranesometimescannotmeettherequirement.Consequently,moreattentionispaidtotheinorganicmembranenowthathasfulf川edaconsiderableprogressintheseyearswitharateof30%.CurrentlyChinacanproducetubecera

14、micmembraneonindustrialscale.Withthedecreaseofwaterresourceandtheincreaseofwaterpollution,itisdefinitelythatthemembranetechnology,theseparationtechnologyofthelowestenergycost,willrealizeabrilliantfuture.RO,NF,UF,MF,ion-exchange,dialysisetcwhicharemainlyusedinwatertreatmentwillbethecenterofmembranete

15、chnology.Chinaisacountrywithalargepopulationofnearly1.3billionpeople,whichcoversonefifthoftheworldpopulation,butthewaterresourceisonly1/20ofworld.Thereforethewaterresourcepercapitaisonly1/4ofthatoftheworld.Membraneisaneffectivemeanstosolvewaterproblem.Theadvantageofmembraneinwatertreatmentismoreandm

16、oreobviouswhileitsapplicationiswiderandwider.ThemembraneindustryofChinamarchesrapidlyatarateof30%annually.However,thedifferencefromthedevelopedcountryisstillbig.Themembraneoutputpercapitaismerely1/32ofthatofUSAand1/12ofthatoftheworld.ThemembranemarketinChinaishugewithabrightoutlook.Toenhancetheappli

17、cationofmembraneinwatertreatment,weshould:oPromotetheapplicationofmembranetechnology.oDevelopnew-fashionmembrane.膜技術和環(huán)境保護中的水處理任建新1張保成21中國藍星化學清洗總公司,中國北京朝陽區(qū)北土城西路9號,1000292.意大利都靈理工大學化工系,CorsoDucadegliAbruzzi24,Torino10129,意大利膜技術在水處理中的應用膜技術在水處理中的應用決定于其別離效率和過程本錢.作為一種先進的別離技術,擁有許多的優(yōu)點：高選擇性,適用環(huán)境溫度下無相變,能耗低,自動

18、化程度高,低污染等.1 1海水淡化和處理含細菌腐蝕產(chǎn)物的水反滲透膜是淡化海水和處理含細菌腐蝕產(chǎn)物的水最為經(jīng)濟的方法,淡化海水的能源消耗小于5kWh/t,處理含細菌腐蝕產(chǎn)物的水的能源消耗為0.53kWh/t.最大的應用反滲透膜急性水處理的公司每天的淡化海水量為2.1x105m3/d,處理含細菌腐蝕產(chǎn)物的水量為1.3X105m3/do反滲透似乎是解決干旱地區(qū)飲用水和工業(yè)用水在這個問題最好的方法.這是已經(jīng)驗證的事實,大多數(shù)最大坐落在中東的海水淡化工廠都可以到達這個標準,具體數(shù)據(jù)參照表2.32 2凈化飲用水膜是凈化飲用水最正確的工具,由于它能去除懸浮物質、細菌、有毒金屬成分和有機成分,提升水的質量.9

19、0%的城市用水是生產(chǎn)用水,只有9%的供水是生活用水,只有1%的是飲用水.對居民區(qū)用水進行區(qū)分供給是提升居民飲用水質量的有效途徑.區(qū)分供水是用利用膜技術對這1%的飲用水進行特殊處理,單獨供給.這種居民用水分別供給的系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)應用在北京和沈陽的一些居民區(qū),主要應用的是反滲透膜.3 3市政污水的回用城市污水是一種重要的潛在的水資源.用膜把各種不同的回收水進行處理,用作生活用水.這是一種解決水資源短缺的有效方法.北京有已建的3座、4座正在建造中生活污水處理工廠,而將要建設的有15座.到2006年,污水處理的比例會提升到80%.這些廢水處理工廠的處理量將到達2億噸.水經(jīng)過膜處理后,可以到達重復使用的目的,

20、如用作工業(yè)用水、綠化用水以及其他的領域.以這種方式,市政用水供給量可以降低,而水資源也能夠得到充分的利用.如果膜技術應用在城市污水深度處理,僅在北京每天就將減少超過100萬噸的污水排放,同時,也就節(jié)約了超過100萬噸的水資源.這樣每年就可以每年減少3.6億噸水的水費開支.這種方法能減輕水污染,保護水資源.表.2 2世界五大海水淡化廠國家處理量m3/d單位數(shù)目起運作年份膜技木公司沙特阿拉伯128000151998東洋紡沙特阿拉伯90909151999杜邦沙特阿拉伯56800101989東洋紡沙特阿拉伯56800101994東洋紡西班牙56400101998杜邦1998年世界海水淡化的總容量為22735000m3/d4 4處