主謂一致講解及練習(xí)附答案

1、主謂一致【考綱說明】1)掌握主謂一致三大原那么：語法一致、意義一致和就近一致原那么2)學(xué)會(huì)分析句式,排除干擾,分清主謂,明了句子的主謂關(guān)系3)本專題以單項(xiàng)選擇、單詞拼寫和詞形轉(zhuǎn)換的考查為主,分值為 1 2分.【知識(shí)梳理】一、 定義：謂語受主語支配,須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,這叫做主謂一致.主謂一致一般遵循三條原那么：語法一致原那么,意義一致原那么和就近一致原那么.二、語法一致原那么概念：即在謂語和主語在語法形式上取得一致.如：主語為單數(shù)形式,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；主 語為復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語動(dòng)詞也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式.但須注意以下幾種情況：1)以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語或從句作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)

2、詞用單數(shù).To start smoking is quite easy, but to give it up needs courage.開始吸煙很容易,但是要戒煙卻需要勇氣.Reading is learning.讀書就是學(xué)習(xí).What you need most is to_have a good sleep.你所需要的就是好好睡一覺.【注意】：由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句,后面的謂語動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式.但假設(shè)表語是“復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).What I bought is three English books.我買的是三本英語書.What

3、 I say and do are helpful for you.我所說的和做的對(duì)你是有幫助的.2)由and或both.and來連接并列主語時(shí),謂語用復(fù)數(shù).John and Ann are good friends.約翰和安都是好朋友.Both Lucy and Lily are students.露西和莉莉都是學(xué)生.【注意】：由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別被no, each, every , every and(every) , each - and (each) , no - and (no) , 或 many a , many a and (many a) , more than

4、 one,修飾時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.Each boy and each girl was given a new book.每一個(gè)男孩和每一個(gè)女孩都給了一本書.More than one student is interested in the book.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生對(duì)這書感興趣.3) 如果主語后接 with,together with , along with , as well as, like, but, except, besides , including, no less than, rather than ,as much as, more than , 等介詞短語,其謂語動(dòng)

5、詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定.An English teacher together with somestudents has climbed to the top of the mountain.一位英語老師和幾個(gè)學(xué)生已經(jīng)爬到了山頂.She, like you and Tom, is very_tall.像你和湯姆那樣她很高.4) 不定代詞 each, each one , either, neither 和由 some, any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合 代詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).Each of the students has a book.每個(gè)學(xué)生都有一本書.5) “

6、 a lot of (lots of , plenty of , a head of , heaps of , the rest (majority ) of , some (many, anymore, most, all等)of + +名詞構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí),其謂語 動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與of后面的名詞(短語)保持一致.Some of the sugar is wet.有些糖是濕的.Most of the students in our class are league.我們班上大多數(shù)學(xué)生是團(tuán)員.Half of the apples are given to the children.半的蘋果送給孩

7、子們.6) “a number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；"The number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.A large number of buildings were burnt down.許多樓房被毀了.A number of trees are cut down.許多樹被砍倒了7)由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of +名詞(或代詞)構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與 of后面的名詞(短語)保持一致.Two thirds of the country is dry ordesert.這個(gè)國家的三分之二的地方氣候枯燥或者是沙漠地區(qū).Two third

8、s of the people present are againstjhe plan.在場(chǎng)的三分之二的人反對(duì)這個(gè)方案.More than 70 percent of the surface of our earth is covered by water.我們地球的70%勺外表被水所覆蓋.8) 如果主語是由 “ a kind of, 或 this/that kind of, a series ( a species) of , a pairof等+名詞構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式.This kind of men is dangerous.這種人是危險(xiǎn)的.Is this kind of car

9、 made in Shanghai ?這種汽車是上海制造的嗎【注意】"these/those kinds of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞"作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù).Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day.每天能制作 15 雙鞋.9)某些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞( clothes , trousers, shorts, shoes, gloves.)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.My shoes were worn out.我的鞋子穿壞了.三、意義一致原那么概念：意義一致原那么,即謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語所表達(dá)的內(nèi)在涵義.用法：1)由and連接的兩個(gè)名

10、詞,如果是指同一概念(即 and后無冠詞),那么謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形 式.The manager and secretary is absent at the meeting.經(jīng)理兼書記沒有出席會(huì)議.The manager and the secretary are busy now.經(jīng)理和書 t己現(xiàn)在者 B 彳艮忙.Their teacher and friend is Mr. LL他們的老師和朋友是李先生.2)表示總稱意義的形單意復(fù)的名詞,如 people, police, cattle等作主語時(shí),只當(dāng)作復(fù)數(shù)看待,謂語在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù).The police are searching fo

11、r a murderer in that mountain.警察正在山中搜尋一名殺人犯.3)表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語,表達(dá)一個(gè)整體概念時(shí),謂語用單數(shù). Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.他離開家鄉(xiāng) 20年了.Five dollars is enough. 5 美元就夠了.4) 以集體名詞 army, class, enemy, family, government, group, team, crew , crowd,public等集體名詞作主語時(shí),謂語應(yīng)視其情況而用不同形式：當(dāng)作主語被看作一個(gè)整體時(shí),謂語用單數(shù),

12、如果被看成是其中的個(gè)體成員時(shí),謂語就用復(fù)數(shù).Our class is _ better than any other classes at playing basketball in ourschool.在打籃球方面,我們班勝過我們學(xué)校的任何一個(gè)班.Our family is not poor any more.我們家已經(jīng)不再貧困了.【注意】population單獨(dú)使用作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；而前面有some, most或與分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)連用作主語時(shí),那么謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.Most of the population of the city are workers.這個(gè)城市人 口的大多數(shù)是工

13、人.The population in our country is_ very large, and eighty percent of the population are farmers.我們國家人口眾多,而80%勺人口是農(nóng)民.5數(shù)詞作主語時(shí),謂語用單數(shù),但在四那么運(yùn)算中,表示加法和乘法時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞單、復(fù)數(shù)均可,表示減法和除法時(shí)必須用單數(shù).Ten is_a round number.十是個(gè)整數(shù).Ten times five is/are fifty.十乘五等于五十.6表示數(shù)量的短語“one and a half+名詞復(fù)數(shù)"及"a+單數(shù)名詞+ and + a half &

14、quot;作主語時(shí),謂語用單數(shù).One and a half cakes are a good meal for the monkey.A cake and a half is a good meal for the monkey.一個(gè)半蛋糕對(duì)猴子來說是一頓美餐.四、就近一致原那么概念：就近一致原那么,即謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)隨最近的主語而定,又稱為毗鄰一致原那么.用法：1 當(dāng) or, either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also., not.but.,whether.or.等連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于最靠近于它的名詞或代詞.Not only the

15、mother but also the children are there. 不但母親在那里,而且孩子們也在那里.2在倒裝句中如一個(gè)句子由there或here引起,而主語又不止一個(gè),謂語動(dòng)詞往往與最鄰近的一個(gè)主語保持一致.There is_a desk,a table and three chairs in the room.房間里有一張書桌,一張桌子和三把椅子.【趣味鏈接】符合就近原那么的結(jié)構(gòu)有 there be, not but ,not only - but also ,or or , neither nor 記憶：就近有個(gè)人在叫賣,不是老頭而是老太；不僅賣瓜而且賣菜,或者現(xiàn)錢或者放債

16、,既沒有車也不用秤,只要你笑她就白送.【經(jīng)典例題】【例 1 】【2021 廣東深圳 】一He, together with his parents going to visitShanghai in July. How about you?一I'm afraid I have to stay at home . A. are; on my own B. is, by myself C. is; by my own D. are; on myself【解析】：B主語后接together with 時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定,而真正的主語是 he.應(yīng)選B例 2【2021 四

17、川資陽】Each of the girls here to the West Lake twice.A. have gone B. have been C. has gone D. has been【解析】D去過用have been ,不定代詞each做主語謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).應(yīng)選 D【例 3】【2021 河源】The number of teachers in our school greatly increased last term.A number of teachers in this school from the countryside.A.was;is B.was;are C.we

18、re;are D.were;is【解析】答案：B"a number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；"The number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.【例 4】【2021 廣安市】How much is the pair of shoes?一Twenty dollars enough.A. is B. are C. am【解析】A【例 5】【2021 山東 】-What can you see in the picture?-I can see a farm. And there a lot animals on it.A. is B. are

19、 C. will be D. be【解析】B , there be 句型,遵循就近原那么,后面 animals為復(fù)數(shù),應(yīng)選B【例 6】【2021 黑龍江齊齊哈爾】This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but alsoI good at drawing.A. is B. am C. are答案：B , not only.but also.遵循就近原那么,I與am連用,應(yīng)選B【例 7】【2021 湖南衡陽 】一Do you like your new T - shirt? Yes. Not only I but also my mother it.A

20、. likesB. likeC. doesn' t like答案：A, not only.but also.遵循就近原那么,mother為第三人稱單數(shù)【課堂練習(xí)】A.【2021 江蘇南通】Linda, with her parents,_ theWolf Hill, and they will be backthis afternoon.A. has gone to B. have gone to C. has been to D. have been to2.【2021 四川資陽】 Each of the girls here to the West Lake twice.A. ha

21、ve gone B. have been C. has gone D. has been3.12021 烏魯木齊】There _ going to be a basketball match this afternoon.A. are B. is C. have D. Will4.【2021 廣東深圳】一 He, together with his parents going to visit Shanghai inJuly. How about you?一I'm afraid I have to stay at home _ _.A. are; on my own B. is, by

22、 myself C. is; by my own D. are; on myself5.【2021 湖南岳陽】There a football match on CCTV-5 at nine tomorrow evening.A. will have B. is going to be C. is having 6.12021 廣東河源】The number fo teachers in our school greatlyincreased last term. A number of teachers in this school fromthe countryside.二、was; is

23、 B. was; are C. were; are D. were; is7.12021 齊齊哈爾】This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I good at drawing.3 . isB. amC. are8 .【2021 四川廣安】 How much is the pair of shoes?一Twenty dollars enough.A. is B. are C. am9 .【2021 浙江衢州】 One of my friends moved to America. I miss her so much.A. has

24、B. have C. is D. are10 .【2021 湖北黃岡】Which would you like, tea or coffee?-Either OK, but I prefer coffee milk.A. is; with B. is; to C. are; with D.are; to11 .【2021?貴州銅仁】 Neither my father nor my mother rock music. They think thatit ' s too.A. like; noise B. likes; noise C. like; noisy D. likes; no

25、isy12 .12021 湖南衡陽】一 Do you like your new T - shirt?Yes. Not only I but also my mother it.1. likes B. like C. doesn' t like13.12021 山東】-What can you see in the picture?-I can see a farm. And there a lot animals on it.A. isB. areC. will beD. Be14 .【2021 湖北黃石】The head teacher with his students Tean

26、chengshan Parkif it tomorrow.A. is going to; isn ' t rainy B. are going to; isn' t rainyC. is going to; won ' t rain D. are going to; doesn' t rain15 .12021 廣東】一David, there a dictionary and some books onyour desk. Please put them away.OK. Mum. I ' ll do it right away. A. isB. ar

27、eC. hasD. Have16.【2021 四川德陽】一 Physics more difficult than Chinese, do you think so?-Yes, I think so.A. is B. are C. HasA.【2021 上海】 There _ still some milk in the fridge. It' s not necessary to goto the store today.A. am B. is C. are D. Be【課后作業(yè)】1. 12021 四川綿陽】 The number of books in the bookshop i

28、s about 10,000 and a number of themabout science.A. is B. was C. are D. Were2. 【2021 四川涼山】 Ten minutes ago, there an eraser, a pen and some bookson the desk.A. wasB. wereC. is3. 【2021 重慶江津】There only one doctor in the hospital today.A. isB. hasC. haveD. Are4. 【2021 黑龍江龍】I can ' t afford the car,

29、 five thousand dollars toomuchfor me.A. isB. areC. be5. 【2021 河北省】 There lots of people at the restaurant when 1 got there.A. is B. was C. are D. Were6. How time flies! Ten years passed.A. haveB. hasC. isD. are7. Not only his parents but also his brother to the Summer Palace. Theyhaven ' t been back.A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone8. Neither my father going to see the patient.A. nor I am B. nor I areC. or me are D. or me is9. 【2004 包頭Look! There playing with the tour