美增加就業(yè)機(jī)會但2月失業(yè)率不變一托福閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)背景

1、智課網(wǎng)TOEFL備考資料美增加就業(yè)機(jī)會但2月失業(yè)率不變一托福閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)背景 The U.S. economy had a net gain of 227,000 jobs in February, while the unemployment rate held steady at 8.3 percent. Some industry experts say Friday's employment data is the latest in a series of generally upbeat economic reports showing the economy regainin

2、g strength and recovering from the worst recession in decades. But millions of people are still out of work and an economic scholar says the headline unemployment numbers mask some serious continuing problems. 美國經(jīng)濟(jì)2月份凈增添22萬7000個(gè)工作崗位，失業(yè)率依然保持在8.3%。一些業(yè)界專家說，星期五公布的就業(yè)報(bào)告是最近的一系列總體樂觀的經(jīng) 濟(jì)報(bào)告中的最新數(shù)據(jù)，這些數(shù)據(jù)顯示，美國經(jīng)濟(jì)重

3、新獲得動力，正在從數(shù)十年來最嚴(yán)重的衰退中復(fù)蘇。不過美國仍有數(shù)百萬人沒有工作。一名經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)者稱，政府公布 的失業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)掩蓋了一些持續(xù)存在的嚴(yán)重問題。 Friday's closely-watched report from the Labor Department shows strong job growth in February, and indicates job gains in the prior two months were stronger than first reported. Altogether it means that U.S. job growth over

4、the past six months is the strongest since 2006, which was before the financial crisis. 美國勞工部星期五發(fā)布受到密切關(guān)注的就業(yè)報(bào)告，報(bào)告顯示，2月份美國就業(yè)市場保持強(qiáng)勁增長勢頭，修正后的之前兩個(gè)月的就業(yè)增長數(shù)據(jù)高于先前公布的初值。這些數(shù)據(jù)表明，美國過去六個(gè)月的就業(yè)增長是自金融危機(jī)爆發(fā)前的2006年以來最強(qiáng)勁的。 Surveys show the improved job situation is giving consumers more confidence that they will have job

5、s and makes them more likely to purchase appliances, cars or houses, which stimulates the economy - and further boosts employment. That is important because consumer demand drives about 70 percent of U.S. economic activity. 調(diào)查顯示，就業(yè)狀況改善使消費(fèi)者更有信心找到工作，消費(fèi)者更加可能購買電器、汽車或房屋，這將刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)增長并進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)就業(yè)。這一點(diǎn)至關(guān)重要，因?yàn)橄M(fèi)占美國經(jīng)濟(jì)

6、活動的大約70%。 These job gains are also part of an improving economic picture that is encouraging businesses to begin hiring. 就業(yè)增長顯示經(jīng)濟(jì)改善，這鼓勵企業(yè)開始雇傭新員工。 Growing business confidence was evident earlier this week in a survey of financial executives across the nation. Researchers at the American Institute of

7、Certified Public Accountants questioned more than 1,300 key financial managers, including Jim Morrison, chief financial officer of Teknor Apex, a plastics company in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. 本周早些時(shí)候公布的一項(xiàng)對美國企業(yè)首席財(cái)務(wù)官進(jìn)行的調(diào)查顯示，企業(yè)信心明顯增強(qiáng)。美國注冊公共會計(jì)師協(xié)會的研究人員對1300多名美國企業(yè)財(cái)務(wù)經(jīng)理進(jìn)行了問卷調(diào)查，其中包括羅德島州波塔基特的塑料公司Teknor Apex的首席財(cái)

8、務(wù)官吉姆·莫里森。 He says businesses have been reluctant to hire new people and have instead been squeezing more productivity out of their existing workforce. "Nobody wants to be hiring before they are absolutely certain that the economic upturn is here to stay because you dont want to hire people

9、 and then be faced with a layoff when things down turn," Morison said. 莫里森說，一直以來企業(yè)不愿意雇傭新員工，并一直在現(xiàn)有勞動力的基礎(chǔ)上提高生產(chǎn)率。他說：“在絕對確認(rèn)經(jīng)濟(jì)保持回升之前，沒人愿意增加雇員，因?yàn)椴幌牍土诵氯酥?，發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)下滑，又不得不面臨裁員。” But Morrison says companies have already done everything they can think of to boost productivity, from spending more on computers

10、, to asking employees to work more than their normal hours for premium pay. He says hiring is improving because managers are becoming convinced they can not meet growing demand without a growing workforce. 但是莫里森說，企業(yè)已盡一切所能來提高生產(chǎn)率，具體措施包括增加用于電腦方面的開支，讓雇員加班并支付加班費(fèi)。他說，目前雇傭狀況正在改善，因?yàn)樨?cái)務(wù)官們越來越確信，如果不增加雇員，他們將無法滿足增

11、長的需求。 While the outlook is improving, 12.8 million people in the U.S. are still officially counted as unemployed. 盡管就業(yè)前景正在改善，但是官方的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字顯示，美國仍然有1280萬人失業(yè)。 An economic scholar at the American Enterprise Institute says the job situation is actually worse than the headline numbers suggest. 美國企業(yè)研究所的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)者阿帕爾

12、娜·馬瑟說，實(shí)際上就業(yè)狀況比數(shù)據(jù)顯示的糟糕。 Aparna Mathur says an additional eight million want full-time employment but can find only part-time jobs. Another one million out-of-work people are so discouraged that they have given up seeking jobs, believing there is no work available for them. They are not officiall

13、y counted as unemployed unless they have searched for a job in the past four weeks. 馬瑟說，有800萬人想要找全職工作，但只能找到兼職工作。另外有100萬沒工作的人沮喪得已經(jīng)放棄尋找工作，他們認(rèn)為沒有適合他們的工作機(jī)會。這些人不在官方的失業(yè)人口統(tǒng)計(jì)范圍內(nèi)，除非他們在過去四個(gè)星期里曾找過工作。 "If you include all of those people, the marginally attached and the people who are part-time employed, yo

14、u get a number like 14.9 percent today," Mathur said. 馬瑟說：“如果把這些準(zhǔn)待業(yè)人口和兼職工作者都算在內(nèi)，目前的失業(yè)率達(dá)到14.9%?！?Mathur added that is nearly double the official jobless rate. She says besides the problem of millions out of work or working less than they want, the current recession is keeping people out of jobs

15、much longer than in previous recessions. 馬瑟補(bǔ)充說，這將比官方公布的失業(yè)率高出近一倍。她說，除了有數(shù)百萬沒工作或只有兼職工作的人這個(gè)問題外，還有一個(gè)問題是，比起以往的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，這次衰退使人們陷入失業(yè)狀態(tài)的時(shí)間要長得多。 Four out of 10 unemployed people have been out of work for 27 weeks or longer, which hurts their chances of getting new jobs because their unused work skills deteriorate

16、. Mathur says government programs that pay part of the cost of hiring the long-term unemployed have helped manage the jobless rate in other nations. She says Washington could also help businesses by reducing uncertainties about taxes and regulations that make them less willing to take risks on the i

17、nvestments that lead to job creation. 每10個(gè)失業(yè)者中有4個(gè)處于失業(yè)狀態(tài)的時(shí)間達(dá)到27周以上，這會損害他們找到新工作的機(jī)會，因?yàn)樗麄兊墓ぷ骷寄芤蚴I(yè)過久而在退化。馬瑟指出， 其它國家政府推出的為雇傭長期失業(yè)者的雇主提供補(bǔ)貼的項(xiàng)目幫助控制了失業(yè)率。她說，華盛頓也可以通過減少賦稅和法規(guī)方面的不確定性來幫助企業(yè)，這些不確定 性使得企業(yè)不愿意冒險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行能夠創(chuàng)造就業(yè)的投資。 No matter how you help jobless people and measure the unemployment rate, the U.S. economy could encounter some problems in the next few months. Experts cite concerns about rising gasoline prices that could reduce spending on other goods, along with slower expansion in China or a downturn in Euro