高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)解題技巧（課堂PPT）

1、1Proof ReadingProof Reading 短文改錯(cuò)短文改錯(cuò)2命題特點(diǎn)命題特點(diǎn) 用來命題的短文內(nèi)容與學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)生用來命題的短文內(nèi)容與學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)生活非常貼近，好像就是學(xué)生的習(xí)作?；罘浅ＹN近，好像就是學(xué)生的習(xí)作。 長(zhǎng)度均在長(zhǎng)度均在100詞左右。詞左右。 這些材料都是記敘文。這些材料都是記敘文。 新課標(biāo)卷的設(shè)題通常是：新課標(biāo)卷的設(shè)題通常是：1處多處多1個(gè)詞，個(gè)詞，1處少處少1個(gè)詞，個(gè)詞，8處錯(cuò)處錯(cuò)1個(gè)詞。個(gè)詞。3 1） 短文長(zhǎng)度短文長(zhǎng)度 依據(jù)高考近兩年全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷I和和II進(jìn)行分析，特別是2015年，詞數(shù)都是106，故此題的短文長(zhǎng)度應(yīng)在105-110個(gè)詞之間。 行數(shù)：74細(xì)看題目規(guī)范 短

2、文改錯(cuò)（共10小題，每小題一分，滿分10分） 文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。 修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞 51. I can go to home now. 2. I like playing piano. 3. I am fond at English.theWrong wordMissing wordofUnnecessary word高考短文改錯(cuò)的考察方式（格式要規(guī)范）設(shè)疑方式錯(cuò)

3、詞（8）、漏詞（1）、多詞（1）678短文改錯(cuò)應(yīng)注意的問題短文改錯(cuò)應(yīng)注意的問題 四不改四不改: :標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不改。標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不改。大小寫不改。大小寫不改。詞序錯(cuò)誤不改。詞序錯(cuò)誤不改。在綱外生詞不改。在綱外生詞不改。 9Steps of correcting a composition:Steps of correcting a composition:1. Go through the whole passage to get a general idea .(瀏覽全文，掌握大意）瀏覽全文，掌握大意）2. Read the passage sentence by sentence and find

4、 the mistakes.（分句閱讀，逐行找錯(cuò)）（分句閱讀，逐行找錯(cuò)）3. Read the passage for the third time, check the answers and correct the difficult ones.（檢查核對(duì)，攻克難點(diǎn)）（檢查核對(duì)，攻克難點(diǎn)）10動(dòng)詞形，名詞數(shù)動(dòng)詞形，名詞數(shù) 還要注意形和副還要注意形和副 非謂語(yǔ)，細(xì)辨別非謂語(yǔ)，細(xì)辨別代詞格，細(xì)領(lǐng)悟代詞格，細(xì)領(lǐng)悟 A Limerick介詞、短語(yǔ)要記住介詞、短語(yǔ)要記住 冠詞連詞常光顧冠詞連詞常光顧 邏輯錯(cuò)誤理清楚邏輯錯(cuò)誤理清楚11一、動(dòng)詞形一、動(dòng)詞形 主要包括兩類錯(cuò)誤：動(dòng)詞的主要包括兩類錯(cuò)誤：動(dòng)詞

5、的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和和語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤，以及錯(cuò)誤，以及主、謂不一致主、謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。的錯(cuò)誤。We must found ways to protect our environment .2015全國(guó)課標(biāo)卷全國(guó)課標(biāo)卷find缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（尤其缺缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（尤其缺be動(dòng)詞）動(dòng)詞） She afraid of staying at home alone.is12 ： Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish. ： You can sit at the desk and read the daily newspapers, magazines and the othe

6、r books, but you are not permit to take them out. wishespermittedNot only the students but also the teacher like the film.likes13二、名詞數(shù)二、名詞數(shù) 指指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯(cuò)誤。的用法錯(cuò)誤。：Personally, I found most lesson rather uninteresting. lessons 14 錯(cuò)誤類型：名詞單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤；名詞所有格錯(cuò)誤。 改正方法： 分析修飾語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)意義、主謂一致的特點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)境意義可以發(fā)現(xiàn)并改正名詞單復(fù)數(shù)

7、錯(cuò)誤。 分析前后兩個(gè)名詞之間有無所屬關(guān)系可以發(fā)現(xiàn)并改正名詞所有格錯(cuò)誤。常考的不可數(shù)名詞有?？嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞有fun, progress, advice, information, equipment, furniture, news等。等。二、名詞數(shù)二、名詞數(shù)15 在在several, few, many, one of, a couple of, three, one and a half, a large number of, scores of, dozens of等詞語(yǔ)后，或雖沒有這等詞語(yǔ)后，或雖沒有這些詞但語(yǔ)境提示我們，些詞但語(yǔ)境提示我們，本應(yīng)接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞本應(yīng)接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞的，但文中

8、卻用了單數(shù)。如：的，但文中卻用了單數(shù)。如：For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and2014課標(biāo)課標(biāo)IIhours16 像像advice, fun, homework, information, news, progress, equipment, furniture, baggage, luggage, jewellery, clothing等不可等不可數(shù)名詞是數(shù)名詞是沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式的，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式的，但在文中卻用但在文中卻用了復(fù)數(shù)。如：了復(fù)數(shù)。如：It felt very strange to travel witho

9、ut any luggages.2011課標(biāo)課標(biāo). (luggages luggage)17 本應(yīng)用名詞的所有格的，但文中沒有用。本應(yīng)用名詞的所有格的，但文中沒有用。如：如：When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes. 2011課標(biāo)課標(biāo)(my friend my friends)18例例1give me some advices on how to write like a real writer.例例2Christie was one of my best friend at high school.例例3Wh

10、en I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes.例例4I was playing at my cousin house.名詞當(dāng)堂練名詞當(dāng)堂練advicefriendsfriendscousins19三、還要注意形和副三、還要注意形和副 注意注意形容詞和副詞形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯(cuò)題的?？键c(diǎn)。形容詞和法。這也是高考短文改錯(cuò)題的?？键c(diǎn)。形容詞和副詞的副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)也是考察的重點(diǎn)。也是考察的重點(diǎn)。形容詞形容詞在句中作定語(yǔ)在句中作定語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)

11、副詞副詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，整句在句中作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，整句 I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.less20We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! 2014課標(biāo)課標(biāo)IThe fruits are small in size, but juicy （多汁的）（多汁的）and taste. 2014課標(biāo)課標(biāo)ILots of studies have shown that global warming has

12、 already become a veryseriously problem. 2015課標(biāo)課標(biāo)II am awfully tiring. 2013浙江浙江 Dad and I were terrible worried. 2015課課標(biāo)標(biāo)I I wonderfultastyserioustiredterribly21四、非謂語(yǔ)，細(xì)辨別四、非謂語(yǔ)，細(xì)辨別 這是考查最多的錯(cuò)誤形式之一。主要有這是考查最多的錯(cuò)誤形式之一。主要有現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞，在分詞、過去分詞，和和不定式不定式錯(cuò)誤。錯(cuò)誤。 to do 表目的或?qū)肀砟康幕驅(qū)?doing 表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行 done表被動(dòng)完成表被動(dòng)完成2

13、2 一般說來，一般說來，句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，再出，再出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞，現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞，其前面又沒有并列連詞時(shí)其前面又沒有并列連詞時(shí)，該動(dòng)，該動(dòng)詞應(yīng)詞應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。我們應(yīng)根據(jù)該非謂語(yǔ)。我們應(yīng)根據(jù)該非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中所作句子成分，以及它與邏輯動(dòng)詞在句中所作句子成分，以及它與邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系，來確定用具體的形式。主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系，來確定用具體的形式。23After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found that his parents were missing. 2015全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷make their friends

14、hip to last long. 2014大綱大綱A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop. 2015課標(biāo)卷課標(biāo)卷I look forward to see her again in the near future. 2010大綱大綱lookingseeingtold24五五、 代詞代詞格，格，細(xì)領(lǐng)悟細(xì)領(lǐng)悟1人 稱人 稱代詞代詞主格主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they賓格賓格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them2物 主物 主代詞代詞形容

15、詞形容詞性性my, your, his, her, its, our, their名詞性名詞性 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs3 反身代詞反身代詞myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves4 指示代詞指示代詞this, that, these, those, such, some5 疑問代詞疑問代詞who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever6 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代

16、詞that, which, who, whom, whose, as7 不定代詞不定代詞one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little, other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either25 上下文的人稱不一致。如：上下文的人稱不一致。如：Thank you very much for showing them around your city and providing us with the wonderful meals. (them us)

17、 2011大綱大綱26 上下文的單復(fù)數(shù)不一致。如：上下文的單復(fù)數(shù)不一致。如：both of them have similar ideas Otherwise, it is impossible for him to help each other and to make their friendship last long. (him them)2014大綱大綱27 上下文的性別不一致。如：上下文的性別不一致。如：Before her leaving, I prepared a gift to show my best wishes to him. She said (him her) 20

18、10大綱大綱 人稱代詞格的誤用。如：人稱代詞格的誤用。如：Li Mings parents invited I to spend two wonderful weeks in Qingdao with them (I me)2007課標(biāo)課標(biāo)28 人稱代詞、反身代詞、疑問代詞等的人稱代詞、反身代詞、疑問代詞等的錯(cuò)用。如：錯(cuò)用。如：He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others (從句主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)which是指是指the voice, 這種聲音使這種聲音使“他他”與別人分離與別人分離, 故改故改himself為為him)2013課標(biāo)

19、課標(biāo)I29： We must find ways to protect your environment. 2015課標(biāo)課標(biāo) Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. 2015全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷 ourhis30 主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，其主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，其錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種：錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭多詞、少詞和搭配錯(cuò)誤。配錯(cuò)誤。in Sunday afternoon catch a sight oflose my heart in hurry aon六、介詞短語(yǔ)要記住六、介詞短語(yǔ)要記住31 常用介詞的錯(cuò)用。如：常用介詞的錯(cuò)

20、用。如：Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities. 2014課標(biāo)課標(biāo)IIfor32 固定詞組中的介詞誤用。如：固定詞組中的介詞誤用。如：and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes 2014課標(biāo)課標(biāo)Iof33 固定詞組中的介詞漏用。如：固定詞組中的介詞漏用。如：We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music. 2014課

21、課標(biāo)標(biāo)IIto34冠詞冠詞 基本用法：?jiǎn)螖?shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示基本用法：?jiǎn)螖?shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示“一一個(gè)個(gè)/段段/座座/本本.”等時(shí)要用等時(shí)要用a或或an；表示；表示特特指時(shí)指時(shí)用用the。 固定短語(yǔ)中多用，少用或錯(cuò)用冠詞。如：固定短語(yǔ)中多用，少用或錯(cuò)用冠詞。如：As result, the plants are growing everywhere. 2014課標(biāo)課標(biāo)As a result七、冠詞、連詞常光顧七、冠詞、連詞常光顧35例例1Besides, a friend is always good listener when you need one. 例例2Just before I turn

22、ed corner of Park Street, I happened to see an accident.例例3 Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.athean冠詞當(dāng)堂練冠詞當(dāng)堂練36?？嫉腻e(cuò)誤形式有：常考的錯(cuò)誤形式有：連詞連詞but, however, and, or, because, so, when, before, after, which, that, what 的用法錯(cuò)誤的用法錯(cuò)誤 連詞連詞37（1） and與與but用混。這是考得最多用混。這是考得最多的微考點(diǎn)。如：的微考點(diǎn)。如：The mor

23、e friends we have, the more we can learn from one another, but the more pleasure we can share together. 2014大綱大綱( but and，前后沒有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，前后沒有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)38（2） although/though/while不與不與but連用；連用；since /as/because不與不與so連用。如：連用。如：Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have

24、never had any disease 2014課標(biāo)課標(biāo)I(去掉去掉but或改為或改為yet)39 and與與or。Whats more, we can go to work by bike once and twice a week2012大大綱綱 (and or) which與與what。That is which other teachers say. 2013遼寧遼寧(which what)40 so與與or。We were warned not to cheat again so she would need to see our parents. 2013四川四川(so因此因此

25、or否則否則)41 after與與before。Before waiting for about half an hour, I was beginning to get impatient. 2013陜陜西西(Before After邏輯邏輯)42 多用或少用連詞。如：多用或少用連詞。如：With little sleep and hardly any break, so he works from morning till night.2013遼遼寧寧So if they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the pri

26、ze. 2010大綱大綱what43 錯(cuò)用錯(cuò)用that引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。如：如：Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night. 2013課標(biāo)課標(biāo)IIwhich44 八.邏輯關(guān)系 理清楚錯(cuò)誤類型：否定詞特別是not、never等的漏用； 連詞的多用、少用和誤用； 定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的誤用，特別是which與that的誤用； 名詞性從句中連接詞的誤用，特別是w

27、hat和that的誤用。改正方法：在整句理解的基礎(chǔ)上，理清前后句的邏輯關(guān)系，特別注意and、 or、 but、 after、before、 however、 therefore、 besides、 unless 、if等詞的使用是否正確。另外，考生在理解句意的基礎(chǔ)上正確判斷句子結(jié)構(gòu)和層次，判斷定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的使用是否正確。45邏輯關(guān)系當(dāng)堂練邏輯關(guān)系當(dāng)堂練例例1 All I had to do was to write a story or present it.例例2 It turned out to be her own cup, that shed left on the sh

28、elf by mistake. 例例3 In the end, we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear.andwhichuntil/till462 分句閱讀，逐行找錯(cuò)3 檢查核對(duì)，攻克難點(diǎn)4 規(guī)范答題 不超十個(gè)47481. 2015課標(biāo)卷課標(biāo)卷I When I was a child, I hoped to live in thecity. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. andthe thought 49Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the e