人才培養(yǎng)模式改革和開放教育試點

1、人才培養(yǎng)模式改革和開放教育試點 寧波廣播電視大學(xué)開放教育英語本科教學(xué)實踐設(shè)計 學(xué) 校 專業(yè)傾向 姓 名 學(xué) 號 年 級 指導(dǎo)教師 年 月 日Motivating Students Through Brief DrawingsInvestigator: Wang LeiSubmitted on June 2nd, 2001In fulfillment of the course Practical Project DesignAcknowledgementsI am mostly grateful to my supervisor Professor Wang Duqin, without wh

2、ose support and patience this project would not even have got off the ground. I am grateful to Professor Gu Yueguo for editing us such a good course. No amount of thanks will be adequate for my students without whose willing participation in the project implementation it would have remained on paper

3、. Last but not the least, big thanks to my colleagues and classmates for their time spent on brainstorm as well as their support and help.AbstractThis study presents a detailed report of the project implemented to foster students motivation in English learning, through brief drawing instruction. Bas

4、ed on the assumption that brief drawing can help the students understand teaching materials quickly and easily and thus motivate the students to learn English happily, a twelve-week program was adopted. Data were collected through questionnaires, analysis and discussion of which shows that brief dra

5、wing really contributes to students motivation in language learning. However, the program seems to be powerless to a certain number students. Further research is needed for her measures to motivate the learners. Main Headings of the Project Report1 Introduction2 Problem analysis3 Possible solutions4

6、 Project objective5 Project hypothesis6 Project rationale7 Research design7.1 subjects7.2 Procedure7.3 Principles to follow7.4 Techniques for Data collection8 Project implementation8.1 Demonstrate the pronunciation essentials by brief drawings8.2 Use brief drawings to teach vocabulary8.3 Use brief d

7、rawings to teach sentence patterns8.4 Use brief drawings to teach dialogues9 Data analysis9.1 Data from the questionnaire9.2 Data from tests10 Conclusion11 ReferencesAppendix A Questionnaire 1 for problem analysisAppendix B Questionnaire 2 The post-trial questionnaire Motivating the Students through

8、 Brief Drawings1. IntroductionAs is commonly accepted, motivation is the key to success, and interest is the best teacher. What the teacher is to do in class is to provide conditions for learning to take place. I am now teaching junior grade one students. After one semester, I found that the classro

9、om atmosphere was getting less and less active. A quite part of students idled in class. They were taking a less active role in classroom activities. A few students even dropped out. Based on some approaches that I have learned form “English Language Teaching Methodology”, and considering the charac

10、teristics of my students, I decided to adopt brief drawings in my lessons to motivate the learners, and help them keep up their English learning.2. Problem AnalysisTeaching which appeals to learners needs can facilitate learning. It is necessary to investigate why the students were showing less and

11、less interested, and devoting less and less effort. So interviews were held and questionnaires were issued. It is found that: a. Those poor learners report that, due to their lack of vocabulary， cannot follow the teacher in class, and many times cant complete the tasks.b. Some good students report t

12、hat vocabulary instruction tends to be so mechanical. And it is this mechanical practice, in which the students were asked to read and re-read, write and re-write the new words and expressions that deprived the students of their motivation.c. Quite a number of students report that they are afraid of

13、 being criticized and thus withdraw from classroom activities.d. The teachers methods lack variety. 3. Possible SolutionsTaking the above factors into consideration, the following solutions were proposed:a. Employing interesting brief drawings to help the students understand and learn new knowledge.

14、b. Organizing interesting activities to motivate the students to memorize the words and review the texts.c. Creating the comfortable safe classroom atmosphere and a good teacher-student relationship.d. Employing interesting brief drawings to help the students understand and learn new knowledge.e. Or

15、ganizing interesting activities to motivate the students to memorize the words and review the texts.f. Creating the comfortable safe classroom atmosphere and a good teacher-student relationship.4. Project ObjectiveThis project is aimed to motivate the students in English learning through the brief d

16、rawings.5. Project HypothesesConsidering the age factors of the students, brief drawings can help students understand teaching materials quickly and easily and thus motivate the students to learn English happily.6. Project RationaleAccording to Williams and Robert Burden, motivation refers to “a sta

17、te of longitude and emotional arousal which leads to a conscious decision to act, and which gives rise to a period of sustained intellectual and physical effort in order to attain a previously set goal.” Motivation is one of the most important factors in learning a foreign language. As Darwin said “

18、Just as eating without liking does harm to ones health, learning without liking harms memory and retains nothing it takes in.” Former experiments show that among the factors contributing to success of learners, motivation accounts for about 35%. Psychological studies indicated that human beings main

19、ly depend on eyes and ears to obtain information. Experiments indicate that the information received by ear will remain 60% in memory after 3 hours and only 40% after 3 days, while the information obtained both by ear and eye will remain 90% in memory after 3 hours and still 75% after 3 days. Anothe

20、r study indicated that the development of humans ideation is a process from thinking in images to abstraction. The teenagers in middle school have developed thinking more in images than in abstraction. Application of brief drawings in English teaching will create language circumstances for students

21、and mobilize their enthusiasm in thinking in images, for the abstract language materials to turn into concrete images. Hence the brief drawings are suitable for the psychological development of teenagers. It is not only a better way to motivate the students, but also helpful to their memory. 7. Rese

22、arch Design7.1 SubjectsFor this research, I chose the two classes of my students as subjects, one as the Experimental Group, the other as the Control Group. The experimental and control groups were randomly selected by drawing lots. Throughout the project, the Experimental Group will receive special

23、 designed brief drawing instruction, while the control group goes on with its routine instruction. 7.2 ProcedureThis project lasted two months from March to May. 7.3 Principles to followa. Accord the students interest and practicability with the contents of the teaching materials and the age of the

24、students.b. Adapt the brief drawings to students range of knowledge.c. Create a good teacher-student relationship, motivate and encourage them without forcing.d. Provide a stress-free and learner-centered environment.7.4 Techniques for Data CollectionDuring this research two techniques were adopted,

25、 namely questionnaire and test. To gather information for the design of the research and to test whether the research is effective, two questionnaires will be issued, one at the beginning of the research and the other at the end. Two tests will be included (one as the pretest, the other as the post

26、test for comparison) to test the co-efficiency between motivation and school recording.8. Project Implementation8.1 Demonstrate the pronunciation essentials by brief drawingsThe students always feel dull and difficult when they first learn the phonetic symbols. This time, I gave students some exampl

27、e of antithesis, and let them realize the characteristic of the pronunciations. Example 1: Use a pair of profiles on blackboard to demonstrate the shape of the mouth when rpouncing m and n.From the profiles the students can see clearly how m and n is produced, which saves much effort on the part of

28、the teacher to explain.Example 2: Many students sound v as w. A pair of profiles on blackboard will help them distinguish between v and w.8.2 Use brief drawings to teach vocabularyFor the students of the first year, the biggest problem is vocabulary. Teaching vocabulary with brief drawings can motiv

29、ate students and make them learn English with interest. 8.2.1 Use brief drawings to present vocabularyExample 1: When teaching “ mouse” and “elephant”, I drew on the blackboard the outline of the two animals like the following Then I pointed to the drawings and asked them what they are. In this way,

30、 I presented “mouse” and “elephant”, without drawing upon English explanation or Chinese translation. And this helps students acquire the vocabulary learning strategy of imaging. fat thinExample 2: For words like “fat” and “thin”, it is also very convenient to use sketches. First, I asked the studen

31、ts to draw in their paper the images of a fat man and a thin man. Then I selected one of the best drawings from the students to present on the blackboard. Then we talked about the images of the two men. The student said that in the word “fat” is the letter “a”, which like a man with big belly, while

32、 there is the letter “i” in the middle of the word “thin”, which looks like a slim person.The wonderful idea of this student attracted others greatly. All the students smiled and memorized the words in a relaxed atmosphere.8.2.2 Use brief drawings in vocabulary revisionTo revise the words about colo

33、rs, a game was designed with brief drawings. In class, the students were divided into 2 groups, a boy group and a girl group, each group telling the teacher the things they want. The students were asked first to draw what they want in colors and then present them to the class. One of them was asked

34、to report according to the pictures like the following: I like a red apple / a yellow pear / a white egg / a brown cake / a green ruler / a blue book / a black pen / an orange pencil-box 8.2.3 Use brief drawings to help distinguish conceptsStudents in the junior middle school often confuse meanings

35、of some words，for example prepositions of place. With the brief drawings, the meaning will be easy to express. Example 1: When prepositions “in”, “on”, “under” and “by” were taught, brief drawings were applied. The following drawing clearly demonstrated the concept of each preposition.Example 2: For

36、 another example, the students tend to be confused about “in front of “ and “in the front of”. So in classroom instruction, I used brief drawings to demonstrate their differences.From the drawings the students found that the boy is in front of the car. That is very danger, so the driver, who is in t

37、he front of the car, is criticizing him. The differences between the two phrases are clearly demonstrated.Example 3: Chinese students usually feel puzzled about “on”, “over” and “above”. In classroom instruction, I first drew three pictures on the blackboard. Then asked the students to observe the t

38、hree pictures and find what are the differences. Then I gave them three sentences without preposition and asked them to complete the blanket with the words “on”, “over” and “above”.There is a bridge ( ) the river. (over)There is a cup ( ) the desk. (on)There is a bird ( ) the house. (above)When the

39、students had finished, I asked a student who did correctly to tell the class why he filled in the answers. The student explained his thinking: “The bridge is over the river, because the bridge is over the water; the cup is on the desk and the cup touches the desk; the bird is flying over the house b

40、ut not stop on it, so the bird is above the house.”8.3 Use brief drawings to teach sentence patternsEnglish is full of sentence patterns. If the students only look at the book and read the sentences after the teacher, which is what I used to do, they can hardly be motivated and the structures will b

41、e difficult to master. When the brief drawings were applied in sentence-patterns instruction, the situation was changed.Example: When teaching the JEFC Book 1 L21, I adopted the brief drawing approach to explain the new sentence patterns.First several brief drawings were drawn on the blackboard. The

42、n the students listened while looking at the drawings.“Who is this?”“Hes Li Lei.”“How old is he?”“He is twelve.”After listening for several times, the students were invited to speak aloud themselves according to the drawings. All the students could concentrate their attention in class and everyone s

43、poke boldly. Within only several minutes, all the students were able to utter these sentence partners, including the worst students.8.4 Use brief drawings to teach dialoguesAlmost every unit of the JEFC Book 1 has a dialog, and every dialog is designed in a small scene. Integrating the dialog with t

44、he brief drawings will produce a wonderful effect.Example: During the research, when teaching L46, I designed 4 brief drawings, each of which includes relevant information. Looking at these drawings, the students could easily associate the contents of the dialogue and make dialogues freely.9. Data A

45、nalysisIn order to assess the effectiveness of the above-mentioned solutions, data were gathered mainly from two sources: two questionnaires and two tests at different times, which will be analyzed respectively in this section. 9.1 Data from the questionnaireTwo questionnaires were issued in this re

46、search, one at the beginning of the project, the other at the finish of the project. Questionnaire II was designed partly based on questionnaire I so that comparisons could be made to see the improvement after the implementation.9.1.1 Question 1: The attitude towards the English lesson.In both quest

47、ionnaires, the students were requested to answer questions concerning their interest in English lessons. It is found that 15% of them were afraid of English before the implementation of the research, while only 3% of them had the same idea after it. From Table 1, we can see more clearly that the stu

48、dents feeling changed after the application of the new designed learning procedures. Table 1-comparison of students interest in learning English （要置于表格上面）Degree of interestLike a lotlikeLike a littleNot like Before the research5%44%35%15%After the research26%63%7%3%Figure 1- comparison of students i

49、nterest in learning EnglishNote: 1= like a lot 2= like 3= like a little 4= not likeFrom Figure 1, we can see 89% of the subjects liked learning English. The number of the students who were interested in English increased by 40%. This to a certain extent implies that brief drawings instruction in voc

50、abulary teaching really contributed to students motivation and confidence.9.1.2 Question 2: Effectiveness of brief drawing in digestion of English lesson This question is to check if the brief drawings are helpful to the students in learning English.Figure 2-Effectiveness of brief drawing in digesti

51、on of English lesson Note: 1= excellent 2= good 3= fair 4= badFrom Figure 2, it can be seen that the brief drawing instruction is very helpful to the students. The number of the students who report to be able to digest what they have learnt in English lesson in class has distinctly increased, from 4

52、 and 8 to 8 and 16. Only a small number of students report they cannot digest the contents of lessons. This indicates the effectiveness of the solution. In order to obtain more detailed data, I sum up the students comments on the helpfulness of the brief drawings. It is summarized in the following p

53、ie chart to show the effectiveness:Pie chart 1- students attitudes on the functions of brief drawingsFrom the above pie chart, it can be concluded that most of the students have positive attitudes towards games and activities. There is none who thinks the brief drawings is “no useful at all”. This r

54、esult tallies with my original assumption.9.2 Data from Tests Two tests were administered in both classes, one at the beginning of the program, the other at the end, with the same format. The means of the two tests in the two classes were calculated and listed in the following table: Table 2-Means o

55、f tests before research objectclassRate of passing（%）Rate of Excellence（%）Rate of no passing（%）Control Group834317Experimental Group92648Table 3-Means of tests after research objectclassRate of passing（%）Rate of Excellence（%）Rate of no passing（%）Control Group907010Experimental Group886112The above tables show clearly that the students have been making steady progress during the action research. In the Experimen