(完整版)初中被動語態(tài)講解及練習(xí)

1、被動語態(tài)一、概念： 語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，它表示主語和謂語的關(guān)系。語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。如果主語是 動作的執(zhí)行者，或者是說動作是由主語完成的，要用主動語態(tài)；如果主語是動作的承受者，或者是說動作 不是由主語而是由其他人完成的，則用被動語態(tài)。二、主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳涞牟襟E：1. 把原主動句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z2.把動詞變?yōu)楸粍有问郊碽e +過去分詞， 并注意其人稱和數(shù)隨主語的變化，而動詞的時態(tài)則保持不變。3. 原主動句的主語如需要則放在by 后面以它 的賓格形式出現(xiàn)（注代詞的賓格） ，如不需要則可省略。4. 其它的成分（定語、狀語）不變。三、被動語態(tài)的用法：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成

2、： is / am / are + 及物動詞的過去分詞We clean our classroom every day.My mother asks me to study hard.2. 一般過去時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成： was / were + 及物動詞的過去分詞A new shop was built last year.3. 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成： has / have + been + 及物動詞的過去分詞This book has been translated into many languages.Many man -made satellites have been sent u

3、p into space by many countries.4. 一般將來時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成： will+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞A new hospital will be built in our city.Many more trees will be planted next year.5. 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動詞 + be + 及物動詞的過去分詞Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now.The door may be locked inside.Yo

4、ur homework can be handed in tomorrow.6. 現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成： am / is / are + being + 及物動詞的過去分詞7. 不定式的被動語態(tài)： to + be + 及物動詞的過去分詞There are two books to be read.There are twenty more trees to be planted.3. 感官動詞或使役動詞使用省略 to 的動詞不定式，主動語態(tài)中不帶 to ，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，須加上 to。 例： make somebody do something somebody+ be +made to

5、 do somethingsee somebody do somethi ngsomebody +be +see n to do somethi ngA girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.The boss made the little boy do heavy work.The littmady twato heavy work by the boss.4. 如果是接雙賓語的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時， 可以使用直接賓語也可以使用間接賓語

6、作被動語態(tài)句子的主語。 使用直接賓語 （物 ）作主語時，要在動詞后加上介詞，這個介詞是由與其搭配的動詞決定。He gave me a book.t A book was give n to me by him.He showed me a ticket.t A ticket was shown to me by him.My father bought me a new bike.t A new bike was bought for me by my father.5. 一些動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)時，動詞短語應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。We can' t laugh

7、at him.He can' t be laughed at by us.He liste ns to the radio every day.The radio is liste ned to by him every day.The nurse is tak ing care of the sick man.The sick man is being take n care of by the nu rse.不用被動語態(tài)的情況1）不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態(tài)（即多數(shù)的瞬間動詞）：appear, die（死亡 disappear （消失），end （vi. 結(jié)束）,fail, ha

8、ppen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep sile nee, lose heart, take place.女口： After the fire, very little remained of my house.比較：rise, fall, happen是不及物動詞；raise, seat是及物動詞。（錯）The price has been risen.（對）The price has rise n.（錯）The accide nt was happe ned la

9、st week.（對）The accide nt happe ned last week.（錯）The price has raised.（對）The price has bee n raised.（錯）Please seat.（對）Please be seated.要想正確地使用被動語態(tài)，就須注意哪些動詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動詞往往有 兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過程中多留意積累。2）不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch , agreewith, arriv

10、e at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk in to, belong to 如：This key just fits the lock.被動語態(tài)練習(xí)、選擇題）1.buildin our school last year? A.a new libraryD. Did; buildaccidenton this road last week.Is; built B. Was;bulit C. Does;）2. AnA. has been happened B. was ha

11、ppened C. is happened）3.Cotton in the southeast of China.A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow）4.So far, the moon by man already.A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D.D. happenedwas visited）5.A talk on Chinese history given C. will be given D. gives ）6.How many trees this year?p

12、la nted ）7. A lot of C. has been ）8.Neither of A. is madethi ngsdone D. willthemB. are made）9.Look! A nice pictureA. is drawing B. is being）10. Your shoes. YouA. wear out B. worn outin the school hall next week.A. are planted B.to save the little girlby peoplebe donein China.C. were made D. made for

13、 our teacher.drawn C. has been drawnwill plantnow. A.D .drawsneed a new pair.C. are worn out D. is wornA. is givenB. has beenC. have been planted D.are doing B. are being done( )11.The doctor for yet. A. isn't sent B. hasn't been sent C. won't be sent D. wasn'tsent()12.-When _ this k

14、ind of computers? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is;used D. are; used( )13. The Great Wall all over the world.A. knows B.knew C . is known D. was known ( )14.I in summer.A. born B. was born C. have been born D. am born ( )15.He says that Mr Zhang to the factory next week.A. is sent B. would

15、 send C. was sent D. will be sent( )16.Who this book ? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was;written( )17.Mary show me her new dictionary.A. has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to ( )18.A story by Granny yesterday.A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told u

16、s ( )19.The monkey was seen off the tree.A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( )20.The school bag _ behind the chair.A. puts B. can be putC. can be puttedD. can put( )21.Older people well.A.looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( )22.Our teacher carefully.A. should

17、 be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened 二、將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，每空一詞。1. We can finish the work in two days. The work in two days.2. They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk in Suzhou.3. The children will sing an English song. An English song _ by the children.4. You needn't do it now. I

18、t by you now.5. Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week. A New Year Card her by me last week.6. People use metal for making machines. Metal for making machines.7. He made me do that for him. I that for him.8.I have given this book to the library. This book _ to the library.9. Did they build a bridge

19、here a year ago? a bridge here by them a year ago?10. We'll put on an English play in our school. An English play on in our school.11. More and more farmers buy color TV sets. Color TV sets _ _ _ more and more farmers.12. My brother often mends his watch. His watch by my brother.13. We must wate

20、r the flowers every day. The flowers must _ _ (by us) every day.14. They use knives for cutting things. Knives _ _ for cutting things.15. He made the farmers work for a long time. The farmers for a long time.16. Did he break the window yesterday? the window _ _ yesterday?17. They have sold out the l

21、ight green dresses. The light green dresses out.18. We clean the classroom every day. The classroom every day.19. You must not plant trees in very dry earth. Trees _ in very dry earth.20. You can dig a hole in the earth. A Hole in the earth.第 5 頁用動詞的正確語態(tài)填空。1. The students often (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.2. That play (put) on aga in sometime next mon th.3. The old man is ill. He (must send) to the hospital.4. Vegetables,eggs and fruits (sell)