材料概論ppt問題及其答案

1、說明：以下問題由老師所給的上課問題整理所得，其中Q -ADD是個(gè)人所加，答案并不完整且不完善，還望諸位共同合作Q11. Which glass is widely used in our ordinary life?More than 90% of the glass in us is based on oxides and in particular silica.2. Please give the main compositions of bio-glass? Calcium phosphate Silica3. How to prepare silicophosphate glasse

2、s?Sol-gel route4. Please list the general properties of glass? Lack of the periodic order of a crystal Metastability No fixed melting temperature IsotropyQ21. What is the role of C3S in Portland cement?2. How to delay the rapid setting of C3A2? Add some gypsum3. Please describe the properties of the

3、 reaction between Portland cement and water.4. Describe the abbreviations of SEM, TEM and XRD? SEM scanning electron microscope XRD X-ray diffractionQ31. Please list the properties of ceramics used in electrical applications. Semi-conducting, superconducting, piezoelectric, magnetic2. Please give th

4、e application of ceramics in medical. Repair and replacement of human hips, knees and other body parts Imaging system3. What is the wear resistance? The resistance of the removal of surface material4. What is the thermal shock? Which factors can affect the thermal shock resistance of materials? Ther

5、mal shock is a mechanism that can produce mechanical failure in materials. Factors: porosity, dispersions, noncrystal-linity, grain size, grain boundaries, pores and micro cracks.5. What are CVD and CVI? CVD is a process in which a mixture of gases is passed across a heated surface.CVI is somewhat r

6、elated to CVD, the major difference being that the deposition occurs insides a porous perform rather than only on a surface.Q41. What features do glasses have?2. 玻璃的組分可分為哪幾類？3. 下面哪種方法較容易制備出含硅的磷酸鹽玻璃 （ C ） (A) 高溫熔融淬冷法 (B) 低溫熔融淬冷法 (C) 溶膠-凝膠法 (D) 化學(xué)氣相法Q51. What factors will affect the refractive index o

7、f glasses?They are the wavelength of light, the density, temperature, thermal history, stress and composition of the glass.2. Please list the major techniques for glasses formation？ They are blowing, compression, drawing, floating method, rolling, and casting, respectively.3. What is the nature of g

8、lass lacking electronic conductivity?Without free electron movement.4. Please give examples about the application of glass. For example: application in architecture, in anti-solar, in fiber optics5. Please list the recent topics about glass in optoelectronics field.Blue and green light sources, host

9、-guest stems for non-linear optics, up-conversion glasses, optical switches, optical fibers.Q61. Please define brass and bronze? Brass: The copper-zinc alloys Bronze: The copper-tin alloys2. Which structure do zinc and copper adapt? Zinc: hexagonal-close-packed structure Copper: face-centered cubic

10、structure3. Please list three Refractory Metals. Chromium Tantalum Vanadium etc4. Please give the characteristics of titanium? Light weight Silvery color Blue grinding sparksQ71. Please list several chemical processes for powder preparation. (1) a cold step, in which the ceramic part is formed or sh

11、aped into a green part or preform (2) a hot step, in which the green compact is first subjected to heat to dry up any liquid phase formed during the processing and then subjected to higher heating, known as firing, sintering, or densification.2. What is vapor process for advanced ceramics and give s

12、ome examples? Vapor process, including heating a solid substance to a temperature that transforms the solid into a vapor, which is then deposited onto a surface. Some examples: PVD, CVD, CVI, MBE, LPE etc.3. Please describe the mechanical properties. (我個(gè)人認(rèn)為這里所指的是陶瓷的機(jī)械性能) Good in compressionVery high

13、 hardness Great stiffness Brittleness etc4. List some applications of ceramics? Refractories Use in the construction industry Lighting electrical Electrical application CommunicationMedicalEnvironmental and space applicationQ81. What is a key factor for preparing glasses?Cooling temperature2. Please

14、 give explanations about following scheme?Figure 4.2 Variation of volume of a simple glass forming melt along with that of the crystal. The cooling rate for curve a is higher than that for curve b (schematic). P1443. Please list the major techniques for glasses formation？ 4. 例舉玻璃的結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)說? Continues ran

15、dom network model Random close packing model5. How to decide whether the glass is amorphous? P136 6. What is the main usage for chalcogenide glasses? Infrared window7. What is the role of silica in glasses? Glass forming material8. What chemical types do glasses formation occurs?Q91.試計(jì)算體心立方鐵受熱而變?yōu)槊嫘牧?/p>

16、方鐵時(shí)出現(xiàn)的體積變化。在轉(zhuǎn)變溫度下,體心立方鐵的點(diǎn)陣參數(shù)是 0.2863nm，而面心立方鐵的點(diǎn)陣參數(shù)是0.3591nm。 體心立方晶胞的體積= (ab)3=(0.2863)3=2.3467×10-4面心立方晶胞的體積= (af)3=(0.3591)3=4.6307×10-4但是面心立方晶胞含有4個(gè)原子，而體心立方晶胞只含有2個(gè)原子。兩個(gè)體心立方晶胞才含有4個(gè)原子，總體積為2 ×2.3467×10-4=4.6934×10-4體積變化= (4.6934-4.6307)/4.6934=-1.34%這表明鐵在加熱時(shí)出現(xiàn)收縮 Q-ADD1. What is Ceramic compounds? Inorganic compounds made by heating clay or other mineral matter to a high temperature at which they partially melt and bond together. 2. Please give some traditional ceramics? 3. What are differences between traditional Ceramic and advanced ceramics? A