初中英語閱讀理解和完形填空解題技巧及練習(xí)

1、閱讀理解也是中考英語題的必考題目之一,本題型旨在考查學(xué)生閱讀,理解的能力,幾年來,中考英語題中的閱讀理解材料新,題材豐富,考查學(xué)生綜合推斷能力,根據(jù)語篇猜單詞意思的能力的力度加大,也考查學(xué)生關(guān)注細(xì)節(jié)的能力。所以學(xué)生往往要么沒能正確理解語篇中某些句子的意思,在細(xì)節(jié)題上丟分,要么就是對語篇的整體把握不夠,在綜合題或者推斷題方面丟分。那么到底怎么做好閱讀理解這一題型呢?我將從以下三個(gè)方面談?wù)撨@個(gè)問題:一、解題思路(一先讀問題,弄清考查要點(diǎn),以便能帶著問題看文章,這樣會心中有數(shù),有的放矢。在讀題的時(shí)候劃出題目的關(guān)鍵詞。(二快速瀏覽全文,掌握全貌,注意發(fā)現(xiàn)與問題有關(guān)的信息,如果時(shí)間緊,至少要掃視一下起首

2、段和尾段。再把標(biāo)題和文章內(nèi)容結(jié)合起來想一想,這樣全文大意便清楚了。此時(shí),不要忙于答題。(三細(xì)讀原文,捕捉相關(guān)信息詞,掌握短文細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。這是解題的關(guān)鍵,應(yīng)特別注意以下幾點(diǎn):1.抓住四個(gè)"W"和一個(gè)"H",就是邊讀邊用鉛筆做些標(biāo)記,把What (事件,When (時(shí)間,Where(地點(diǎn),Why(原因,How(經(jīng)過劃出來。抓住了四個(gè)“W”和一個(gè)“H”,就抓住了文章的全貌,一些直接性的問題便可解決。2.抓住連接詞及起關(guān)鍵作用的副詞、代詞、介詞、插入語等。因?yàn)檫@些詞具有因果,讓步,遞進(jìn),轉(zhuǎn)折,指代,列舉及承上啟下等各種連接上下文的特殊功能。這對考生分清文章層次,辨

3、明各種關(guān)系,了解人物心理,推斷作者意圖,進(jìn)行邏輯推理等手段來分析難點(diǎn),都具有舉足輕重的作用。3.注意領(lǐng)會文章的寓意。4.根據(jù)題意,初選答案。這一步須仔細(xì)審題,領(lǐng)會測試要求,確定解題方法。對那些明顯的,有把握的題可以斷然確定,不必把其余三個(gè)答案再作推敲而浪費(fèi)時(shí)間:有些略難的題,應(yīng)再查閱短文(不是重讀一遍,迅速找出依據(jù),予以排除。常用的解題方法有如下幾種:直接解題法。即從原文中直接找出答案。歸納解題法。對于不能從原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和線索的前題下進(jìn)行概括、歸納得出正確答案。綜合推理法。讀者需統(tǒng)觀全文,認(rèn)真分析,綜合推理及至計(jì)算,最后歸納出正確答案。題干中有"suggest

4、, conclude, conclusion, probably, reason, because, according to“等字眼時(shí),屬于推斷概括型,考查內(nèi)容著眼于全篇,考生應(yīng)具備一定的分析歸納,推理等邏輯思維能力。捕捉關(guān)鍵詞。在閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)該注意與問題相關(guān)的同義詞,近義詞,反義詞或同位詞等信息詞來得出正確答案。同意轉(zhuǎn)換法。即原文這么說,而在問題和所選項(xiàng)中則用另外的詞去轉(zhuǎn)換一種說法,但仍表示同一含義。排除法。根據(jù)語言,句法結(jié)構(gòu),信息詞和常識,在沒有把握的選項(xiàng)中用排除法得出正確答案。四、重讀原文,仔細(xì)斟酌核對答案。在解完最后一道題后,如果時(shí)間允許,再將原文讀一遍;用全文的主題思想統(tǒng)率各思考題,研

5、究其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和邏輯關(guān)系,目的在于對所做答案進(jìn)一步審查,推出未解答的題,以便減少失誤。從近幾年的中考閱讀理解情況看,短文體裁多樣,題材各異,文章涉及科學(xué)知識、社會文化、政治歷史、人文環(huán)境和日常生活等方面,充分體現(xiàn)其時(shí)代性、實(shí)用性。短文難度逐年加大。常見題型有主旨題、細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題、猜測詞義題和正誤判斷題。做閱讀理解練習(xí)應(yīng)先看問題,弄清考點(diǎn)。在閱讀短文之前,快速瀏覽問題,以便在閱讀短文時(shí)做到心中有數(shù),快速、準(zhǔn)確地捕捉所要信息。先易后難。做題時(shí)不必拘泥于書中所呈現(xiàn)的語篇順序,應(yīng)遵循先易后難的原則。如可先做細(xì)節(jié)題再做推斷題,因?yàn)榧?xì)節(jié)題大多能直接從文中找到答案,而推斷題則需對短文進(jìn)行深層理解,再作判斷。

6、(一主旨題此類題型用以考查學(xué)生對文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)會和理解能力。其中一類題型為主旨問題。1、主旨大意題題干常見的問句形式1主旨句設(shè)問類型What is the main idea of this passage?What does the passage maily talk about?We can conclude / learn from the passage that 2最佳標(biāo)題選擇類型The best title for this passage is 3作者主旨意圖類型What does the writer want to tell us?Which can express

7、 the purpose of the writer according to the passage?2、主旨大意題的解題方法主旨大意題一定要注意文章的首尾兩段。如果首尾兩段的主旨表達(dá)是一致的,那么文章的主旨便是兩段重復(fù)表明的語句內(nèi)容表達(dá)。找出選項(xiàng)中與歸納的主旨表達(dá)重復(fù)最多的選項(xiàng)即為最佳答案。如果首尾兩段的主旨表達(dá)不一致,則需要觀察文章的段落篇幅量是傾向于首段或是尾段,從而確定主旨段落。在此過程中,觀察篇幅量只需跳讀文章段落的首句尾句即可,無需細(xì)讀段落內(nèi)容,以節(jié)省時(shí)間。如果文章只有一段,則注意文章的首兩句及尾句,然后用以上的方法確定主旨句。此外,標(biāo)題選擇即為主旨句的壓縮表達(dá),注意抓住主旨句進(jìn)

8、行主要詞匯的提煉,把一個(gè)句子提煉為幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞,即是對主旨大意進(jìn)行概括歸納的標(biāo)題。而作者意圖表達(dá)必須通過歸納中心主題才能找到,通常體現(xiàn)為advise,convince, present,purpose,warn等。(二細(xì)節(jié)題1、細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題題干常見的問句形式1True or NOT true 是非判斷類型Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? Which of the following statements is NOT true? Which of the following is NOT considered as? A

9、ccording to the passage,which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the reasons for?2特殊疑問詞提問類型How many?What/who/when/where/how/why?3排序題類型Which of the orders is correct according to the passage?4例證題類型The author gives the example inparagraph in order to 5 表唯一細(xì)節(jié)概念題類型:the most / est the only 2、細(xì)節(jié)事

10、實(shí)題的解題方法:做這類題的一般方法是先要找出題干或是選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵字,一般為數(shù)字、大寫或人名地名,再通過scanning快速確定該細(xì)節(jié)在文中的出處(信息源,仔細(xì)對照題干要求,排除或選擇。命題者在出這類題時(shí)慣用“偷梁換柱、張冠李戴”的手法來迷惑考生,即對原句細(xì)微處做改動,截取原文詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行改造,因果倒置,把A的觀點(diǎn)說成B的觀點(diǎn)等。所以正確理解題干和信息句的意義是關(guān)鍵。細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題還要十分注意句子的非主干成分,如定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語等,這些成分都是出題者常進(jìn)行誤導(dǎo)的落腳點(diǎn)。是非判斷一般都遵循對照選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行“三對一錯(cuò)或三錯(cuò)一對”的判斷。若該信息句是長句或難句,要學(xué)會找出其主干部分,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),正確理解信

11、息句的意義。一定要注意的是,要所答是所問,不要受到慣勢思維的影響,習(xí)慣性地去選擇正確的細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí),切記要弄清問題,不要所答非所問。例證題一定要注意以for example,such as等關(guān)鍵入手處,找出細(xì)節(jié)出處。排序題要先仔細(xì)觀察選項(xiàng),找出首尾相同的選項(xiàng)分組,進(jìn)而通過具體細(xì)節(jié)信息比較進(jìn)行排除和選擇。唯一細(xì)節(jié)題一定要仔細(xì)審題,弄清題干所需。特別需要提醒的是,選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)有most (最高級、the only(唯一、all(所有、none(全否修飾的細(xì)節(jié),都具有絕對性,選擇判斷時(shí)要慎選。(三推斷題此類題的關(guān)鍵是要注意原文出現(xiàn)的語句不是我們做出的推理判斷,而是原文給出的細(xì)節(jié)信息,所以原文語句不能選。判

12、斷時(shí)對已知的事實(shí)仔細(xì)評價(jià)后做出的合理決定并非唯一決定,要對事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎情理的判斷,有時(shí)還需借助常識進(jìn)行判斷。推理判斷題分兩種,即對細(xì)節(jié)的推理和對主旨的推理。主要以We can infer / imply / learn from this passage that 等進(jìn)行提問。解決此類題要注意,一是與原文相同的細(xì)節(jié)不能選,二是文中沒有出現(xiàn)的細(xì)節(jié)不能跳出文章做推斷。解題過程中只要注意上述兩點(diǎn),再結(jié)合做細(xì)節(jié)和主旨的方法,即可以做出推理判斷題。(四猜測詞義題猜測詞義題主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義能力。一般情況下,推斷詞義的題目中所出現(xiàn)的單詞,大多數(shù)是學(xué)生未曾見過的生詞,學(xué)生需要在該詞

13、出現(xiàn)的上下文中去尋找線索。通過閱讀上下文,斷定該詞的真正含義,然后將這個(gè)釋義代入文中,檢查是否貼切,仔細(xì)比較直到得出該詞的確切的含義。通過因果關(guān)系猜詞,首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系,然后才能猜詞。有時(shí)文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result, of course,therefore等等表示前因后果。例如:You shouldn't have blamed him for that,for it wasn't his fault.通過for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯(cuò),可猜出blame的詞義是"責(zé)

14、備"。通過同義詞猜詞,一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組,如happy and gay,即使我們不認(rèn)識gay這個(gè)詞,也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在進(jìn)一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞,如Man has known something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星、Mars(火星、Jupiter(木星均為生詞,但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個(gè)詞都屬于"行星"這一義域。通過反義詞猜詞,一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞,如but, w

15、hile,however等;二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語,如:He is sohomely,not at all as handsome as his brother.根據(jù)not at all.handsome我們不難推測出homely的意思,即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。在閱讀文章時(shí),我們總會遇上一些新詞匯,有時(shí)很難根據(jù)上下文來推斷其詞意,而它們對文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用,此時(shí),如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、后綴等語法知識,這些問題便不難解決了。例如:But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time.Then there is a

16、dry period,or drought.從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨,于是便有一段干旱的時(shí)期,即drought,由此可見drought意思為"久旱","旱災(zāi)"。而a dry period和drought 是同義語。這種同義或釋義關(guān)系常由is,or,that is,in other words,be called 或破折號等來表示。例如:Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和co

17、conuts是生詞,我們可以從這兩個(gè)詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples, coconuts和bananas,oranges是同類關(guān)系,同屬fruit類,因此它們是兩樣水果,準(zhǔn)確地說,是菠蘿和椰子。描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內(nèi)在特征的描寫。例如:The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly,it canswim in th

18、e icy water to catch the fish.從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類。后面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習(xí)性。AWith miles of beaches,sea and sunshine,Pattaya(芭堤雅 is one of the most popular places for visitors to Thailand.It provides many kinds of entertainment for both young people and the whole family.There is always something to

19、 do,any time,any weather,any day or night.Orchid(蘭化 Farms are a worthwhile visit and if you are thinking of taking some of these beautiful plants home,visit a day or two before you leave to make sure that you will have live plants when you get back.You can also get great orchids in a sealed(密封 bottl

20、e that will last as long as your memory.Pattaya Elephant Village is another place that you can not miss in Pattaya.It is a good place to learn and understand how elephants have been linked into Thai life and history over the centuries.You can also take an elephant trek there.Show time allows the ele

21、phants to display their skills,such as playing football.You can also feed a tiger at the Sriracha Tiger Zoo(斯里拉差龍虎園.There you will learn more about tigers.You can take photos with them.You can also enjoy elephant and crocodile shows at the zoo.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,選擇最佳答案。( 1.What is Pattaya famous for in Thailand

22、?A.Beaches.B.Sea.C.Sunshine.D.All of the above.( 2.Whenever you go to Pattaya,it can provide many kinds of entertainment for _.A.both young people and the whole familyB.both old people and the whole familyC.both young people and kidsD.both parents and kids( 3.Where can you get beautiful orchids in T

23、hailand?A.Beaches.B.Pattaya Elephant Village.C.Orchid Farms.D.The Sriracha Tiger Zoo.( 4.Which animal do you see at the Sriracha Tiger Zoo?A.Foxes.B.Elephants.C.Lions.D.Monkeys.( 5.The passage mainly tells us _.A.Pattaya is one of the most popular places for visitors to ThailandB.you must buy some b

24、eautiful orchids in ThailandC.Pattaya Elephant Village is the only place that you can not miss in PattayaD.if you visit Thailand,you must visit the Sriracha Tiger ZooBW hen my family moved to America in 2010 from a small village in Guangdong, China, we brought not only our luggage, but also our vill

25、age rules, customs and culture. One of the rules is that young people should always respect(尊敬 elders. Unluckily, this rule led to my very first embarrassment in the United States.I had a part-time job as a waiter in a Chinese restaurant. One time, when I was serving food to a middle-aged couple, th

26、e wife asked me how the food could be served so quickly. I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly. As soon as I said that, her face showed great displeasure. My manager, who happened to hear what I said, took me aside and gave me a long lecture

27、 about how sensitive(敏感 Americans are and how they dislike the description “old”.I then walked back to the table and apologized to the wife. After the couple heard my reason, they understood that the problem was caused by cultural differences, so they laughed and were no longer angry.In my village i

28、n China, people are proud of being old. Not so many people live to be seventy or eighty, and people who reach such an age have the most knowledge and experience. Young people always respect older people because they know they can learn from their rich experience.However, in the United States, people

29、 think “growing old” is a problem since “old” shows that a person is going to retire or that the body is not working well. Here many people try to keep themselves away from growing old by doing exercises or jogging, and women put on makeup, hoping to look young. When I told the couple in the restaur

30、ant that I respect the elderly, they got angry because this caused them to feel they had failed to stay young. I had told them something they didnt want to hear. After that, I changed the way I had been with older people. It is not that I dont respect them any more; I still respect them, but now I d

31、ont show my feelings through words.By Jack根據(jù)以上短文內(nèi)容,然后從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。1. Jack brought the couple their food very fast because _.A. the manager asked him to do soB. he respected the elderlyC. the couple wanted him to do soD. he wanted more pay2. When Jack called the couple “elderly”, they became _.A

32、. nervousB. satisfiedC. unhappyD. excited3. In Jacks hometown, _.A. people dislike being called “old”B. peop le are proud of being oldC. many people reach the age of seventy or eightyD. the elderly are the first to get food in restaurants4. After this experience, Jack _.A. lost his job in the restau

33、rantB. made friends with the coupleC. no longer respected the elderlyD. changed his way with older people5. Which of the following is TRUE?A. The more Jack explained, the angrier the couple got.B. Jack wanted to show his feelings through words after his experience.C. The manager went back to the tab

34、le and apologized to the couple.D. From this experience, Jack learned more about American culture.CJean is a bright young woman who comes from a rich and famous family. She goes to a good university and has everything that money can buy. Well, almost everything. The problem is that the people in Jea

35、ns family are so busy that they can hardly find time to be with her. In fact, Jean is quite lonely.So Jean spends a lot of time on her QQ. She likes being anonymous(匿名, talking to people who do not know about her famous family and her rich life. She uses the name Linda on QQ and has made a lot of fr

36、iends who she keeps in touch with quite often. Last year Jean made a very special friend on QQ. His name was David and lived in San Francisco. David was full of stories and jokes. He and Jean had a common(共同的 interest in rock music and modern dance. So it always took them hours to talk happily on QQ

37、 and sometimes they even forgot their time. Of course, they wanted to know more about each other. David sent a picture of himself: He was a tall, good-looking young man with a big, happy smile. As time went by, they became good friends and often sent cards and small things to each other.When Jeans f

38、ather told her that he was going on a business trip to Sa n Francisco, she asked him to let her go with him so that she could give David a surprise for his birthday. She would take him the latest DVD of their favorite rock singer. But when she knocked on Davids door in San Francisco, she found that

39、her special f riend was a twelve-year-old boy named Jim!根據(jù)以上短文內(nèi)容,然后從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。1. Jean spends a lot of her time on QQ because she is _.A. richB. famousC. youngD. lonely2. Jean thought “David” was special because he _.A. made her quite happy on QQB. was from San FranciscoC. sent her a picture o

40、f himselfD. was tall and good-looking3. When Jean and “David” met and introduced themselves to each other, who felt surprised?A. “David”.B. Both “David” and Jean.C. Jean.D. Neither “David” nor Jean.4. Whats the main idea of the passage?A. Dont believe those you get to know on QQ so easily.B. People

41、dont use their real names on QQ so often.C. Dont go to meet those you get to know on QQ.D. People should tell their real names to others on QQ.DLinda Evans was my best friendlike the sister I never had. We did everything together: piano lessons, movies, swimming, horseback riding.When I was 13, my f

42、amily moved away. Linda and I kept in touch through letters, and we saw each other on special timelike my wedding (婚禮 and Lindas. Soon we were busy with children and moving to new homes, and we wrote less often. One day a card that I sent came back, stamped “Address (地址 Unknown. ” I had no idea how

43、to find Linda.Over the years, I missed Linda very much. I wanted to share (分享 happiness of my children and then grandchildren. And I needed to share my sadness when my brother and then mother died. There was an empty place in my heart that only a friend like Linda could fill.One day I was reading a

44、newspaper when I noticed a photo of a young woman who looked very much like Linda and whose last name was Wagman Lindas married name. “There must be thousands of Wagmans,” I thought, but J still wrote to her.She called as soon as she got my letter. “Mrs Tobin!” she said excitedly, “Linda Evans Wagma

45、n is my mother. ”Minutes later I heard a voice that I knew very much, even after 40 years, laughed and cried and caught up on each others lives. Now the empty place in my heart is filled. And theres one thing that Linda and I know for sure: We wont lose each other again!根據(jù)以上短文內(nèi)容,然后從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。

46、1. The writer went to piano lessons with Linda Evans _.A. at the age of 13B. before she got marriedC. after they moved to new homesD. before the writers family moved away2. They didnt often write to each other because they _.A. got marriedB. had little time to do soC. didnt like writing lettersD. co

47、uld see each other on special time3. There was an empty place in the writers heart be cause she _.A. was in troubleB. didnt know Lindas addressC. received the card that she sentD. didnt have a friend like Linda to share her happi ness or sadness4. The writer was happy when she _.A. read the newspape

48、rB. heard Lindas voice on the phoneC. met a young woman who looked a lot like LindaD. wrote to the woman whose last name was Wagman5. They havent kept in touch _.A. for about 40 yearsB. for about 27 yearsC. since they got marriedD. since the writers family moved away考點(diǎn)分析: 完型填空一直是考試必考題型,而且在整卷中占相當(dāng)大的分值

49、,如果該部分失分嚴(yán)重,會影響學(xué)生英語最終成績.因此,學(xué)生必須熟練掌握完型填空做題技巧,同時(shí)通過一定量專題練習(xí),提高做題的正確率.注:學(xué)生該部分失分特別嚴(yán)重,所以必須加大該部分的練習(xí).一.完型填空最常用的四種解題法:1.總體把握:要通讀完形填空的短文,跳過空格快速閱讀,了解全篇的主要內(nèi)容。切不可把寶貴的時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在個(gè)別字句推敲上。2.弄清體裁:文章體裁通常分為四種:論述文、記敘文、說明文和應(yīng)用文。中考選文以敘事性文章為主，如：幽默故事、科普知識、童話、簡短新聞、名人軼事、 社會熱點(diǎn)問題等。讀這類文章，要大體上了解故事所涉及的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、 事件及前因后果。 3.重視主題句:完形填空所用的短文一

50、般不給標(biāo)題， 但短文的主題句， 往往在每段 文章的首句，有時(shí)也出現(xiàn)在文章的中間或結(jié)束處。主題句提供全篇的性質(zhì)、大意 等，這是深入了解全文的“窗口” ，甚至能以語句為立足點(diǎn)，從該句的時(shí)態(tài)、語 氣推測全文的主要內(nèi)容。 4.語境聯(lián)想:利用上下文的提示， 用學(xué)過的知識和已有的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)， 掃清部分詞匯 理解上的障礙。 二、幾種解題技巧： 1.詞語搭配 (1從語法角度來說，句子不是詞的序列，而是詞組的序列。 (2因搭配關(guān)系而產(chǎn)生的一般性詞匯。如：see a film (3詞序和意義皆以固定的復(fù)合詞和動詞短語。如：push ahead with(奮力前行。 (4因詞組而構(gòu)成的常見的句式：It feels+形

51、容詞+不定式，在搭配判斷時(shí)，注意： 要區(qū)別外形相近而意義不同的搭配。如：look for, look over, look out, look after, look up 等。要區(qū)別形不相似而意義相近的搭配。如：I paid 12 pounds for the dictionary. The book cost me a lot. It took three men to lift the box.句中都有“付出、 花費(fèi)、需要”的意思。譯成漢語時(shí)似乎相通。但更要注意它們之間的搭配變化； 要注意單個(gè)詞組的多義性。 如： take off 有 “脫下(衣服， (飛機(jī)起飛，匆匆離開， 取下，休假等

52、多種含意。 2.語法判定 (1要注意出現(xiàn)頻率較高的詞類題，依次為動詞、介詞、代詞、連詞、形容詞、 副詞。選擇各類詞時(shí)，要注意以下幾個(gè)方面： a.名詞的選擇 b.動詞的選用 c.選擇介詞 d.選擇代詞 e.選擇連詞 f.選擇形容詞和 副詞 (2要注意句法題，搞清句子的種類、類型、省略和倒裝 a.句子的種類包括陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。一般以考查疑問句、感 嘆句的詞序?yàn)槎嘁?，其次是祈使句的零時(shí)態(tài)等。 b.句子的類型有簡單句、并列句、復(fù)合句和并列復(fù)合句。 c.句子的省略與倒裝很少考查，卻要看懂，不能引起對文章的曲解。 (3在語法適用方面，可以用擇優(yōu)法和排除法 a.擇優(yōu)法是把各選項(xiàng)代入短文中，選

53、出在詞義上符合要求，且在語法上又沒有 語病的答案。 b.排除法是在代入選項(xiàng)時(shí)如發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)單詞意義不對，或詞與詞搭配不妥，或存 在語法錯(cuò)誤，或與上下文有矛盾，則迅速排除不合適的選項(xiàng)，剩下的就是正確答 案。 3. 例舉對比。 在完形填空的多項(xiàng)選擇中， 常常會遇到難以選擇的題目。需要調(diào)動頭腦里的知 識“儲備” ，例舉熟知的語言現(xiàn)象與之相比較，再做出明智的選擇。 三、一般的解題過程是： 1.通讀全文，掌握大意。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)初步弄清短文寫了些什么內(nèi)容。 2.瞻前顧后，分析先行。 3.反復(fù)推敲，攻克難關(guān)。如果做不出來的話，可能要改變一下思路。 4.驗(yàn)證答案，修正錯(cuò)誤，著重注意這幾點(diǎn)： (1文章是否順暢；(2所填

54、單詞是否 是最佳單詞；(3所填單詞是否有拼寫錯(cuò)誤。 四、對應(yīng)練習(xí)： 1. When Billy came to class one morning, he noticed that something was different. Mrs. Green was not in her 51_ place. She was standing in the middle of the classroom, and 52_ was hiding behind her. "Class," she said. "This is Fritz from 53_. Please s

55、ay hello to him. " The class were in silence. Mrs. Green said again, "Say hello to our new friend. " But still, 54 _said a word. " All right, then. " said Mrs. Green. "Billy, please 55_ Fritz to his new desk beside yours." "Hi, Fritz," said Billy. "P

56、lease come with me. " But Fritz would 56_. He was holding on to 57_. He said something, 58_ nobody could understand. Some of the boys started to laugh. Billy felt 59 _for him. Then, Billy said something no one else could un derstand 60 _ Fritz. Fritz smiled and shook Billy's hands(握手'.

57、"Wow!" everyone was surprised. Billy was proud. He said "I said," Hello' in German. I heard it once on TV." ( 1. A. only B. usual C. good D. comfortable ( 2. A. a new teacher B. a new girl C. a new boy D. Billy ( 3. A. England B. America C. France D. Germany ( 4. A. no o

58、ne B. Billy C. a student D. Fritz ( 5. A. ask B. carry C. put D. take ( 6. A. come B. not move C. not say D. speak ( 7. A. another student's book B. Billy's hand C. Mrs. Green's skirt D. the teacher's desk ( 8. A. but B. so C. because D. still ( 9. A. happy B. excited C. afraid D. sorry ( 10. A. with B. except C. of D. about 2. Man has a big brain. He can think, learn and speak. Scientists always say that men are different from animals 1._ they can think and learn. They know now that anima