應(yīng)用化學(xué)專業(yè)英語及答案A

1、 黃岡師范學(xué)院20092010學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期末試卷考試課程：專業(yè)英語 考核類型：考試A卷考試形式：閉卷 出卷教師：楊一思考試專業(yè)：化學(xué) 考試班級(jí)：應(yīng)用化學(xué)200601 一、Translate the following into English（20 points）1.過濾 2.濃縮 3.結(jié)晶化 4.吸附 5. 蒸餾6超臨界的7.二氯甲烷 8.熱力學(xué)平衡 9.親電性 10.表面張力 11.共軛的 12.酮 13.平衡常數(shù) 14.丙基 15.丁基 16.亞甲基 17.NMR 18.環(huán)己酮 19.同位素 20.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)熵 二、Translate the following into Chinese（

2、20 points）1. methyl propanoate 2. rate constant 3. ethyl methyl ketone 4. free energy 5. radical intermediate 6. isobutyl methyl ether 7. 3-chloropropene 8. primary radical 9. n-propyl bromide A卷 【第1頁 共 3 頁】10. bond energy 11. circulating electrons 12. local magnetic fields 13. tetramethylsilane 14.

3、 mass to charge ratios 15 phenylamine 16 amide 17. amine 18. nucleophile 19. perchlorate 20. carbocation 三、Translation the following into chinese （40 points）1. We can see why benzene is stable: according to resonance theory, the more resonance forms a substance has, the more stable it is. Benzene, w

4、ith two resonance forms of equal energy, is therefore more stable and less reactive than a typical alkene.2. Membranes can be defined essentially as barrier, which separates two phases and restricts transport of various chemicals in a selective manner. A membrane can be homogenous or heterogeneous,

5、symmetric or asymmetric in structure, solid or liquid, can carry a positive or negative charge or be neutral or bipolar. Transport through a membrane can be effected by convection or by diffusion of individual molecules, induced by an electric field or concentration, pressure or temperature gradient

6、. The membrane thickness may vary from as small as 100 micron to several mms.3. The most common industrial adsorbents are activated carbon, silica gel, and alumina, because they present enormous surface areas per unit weight. A surface already heavily contaminated by adsorbates is not likely to have

7、 much capacity for additional binding, but further heating will drive off these compounds to produce a surface with high adsorptive capacity. Temperature effects on adsorption are profound, and measurements are usually at a constant temperature. Graphs of the data are called isotherms. Most steps us

8、ing adsorbents have little variation in temperature. A卷 【第2頁 共 3 頁】4. In the absence of peroxides, hydrogen bromide adds to peopene via the Markovnikov pathway to yield isopropyl bromide. In the presence of peroxides, however, the order of addition is reversed, and the product is n-propyl bromide; t

9、he addition in this case is said to be anti-Markovnikov. This is interpreted in terms of initiation of the addition reaction by bromine atom, rather than by a proton, as is the case for electrophilic addition. 四、Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese（20 points）1Benzene and its derivatives c

10、an be nitrated using a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulphuric acid. The temperature must be controlled to prevent more than one nitro-group going in.2. Benzene can be made to react with halogen derivatives using aluminium chloride as a catalyst. This is called a Friedel-Crafts reaction.3.Benze

11、ne can be sulphonated by reacting it with fuming sulphuric acid(oleum). The benzene reacts with sulphur trioxide in the oleum.4.Industrially benzene is converted into ethylbenzene by reacting it with ethene. The ethylbenzene (also called styrene) is used to make polystyrene.A卷 【第3 頁 共 3 頁】黃岡師范學(xué)院2009

12、2010學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期末試卷參考答案及評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)考試課程：專業(yè)英語 考核類型：考試A卷考試形式：閉卷 出卷教師：楊一思考試專業(yè)：化學(xué) 考試班級(jí)：應(yīng)用化學(xué)200601 一、 Translate the following into English（20 points）1.filtration 2. concentrate 3.crystallization4. adsorption 5.distillation 6.supercritical 7.methylene chloride 8.thermodynamic equilibrium 9.electrophile 10.surface te

13、nsion 11.conjugate 12.ketone 13.equlibrium constant 14. propyl 15.butyl 16.methylene 17.Nuclear magnetic resonance 18.cyclohexanone 19.Isotop 20.standard entropy二、Translate the following into Chinese（20 points）1. 丙酸甲酯 2. 速率常數(shù) 3. 甲乙酮 4. 自有能 5. 自由基中間體 6. 異丁基甲醚 7. 3-氯丙烯8. 伯自由基 9. 正丙基溴化 10. 鍵能 11.循環(huán)電子 1

14、2. 局部電磁場(chǎng) 13. 四甲基硅烷 14. 質(zhì)荷比 15.苯胺 16.氨基化合物 17.胺 18親核試劑 19.高氯酸鹽 20.碳正離子三、Translation the following into chinese （50 points）1依據(jù)共振理論，物質(zhì)具有的共振式越多就越穩(wěn)定。苯具有兩個(gè)能量完全相同的共振式，因此比典型的烯烴更加穩(wěn)定而不易發(fā)生反應(yīng)。（10 points）2膜可以被定義為一種阻礙物，它能將兩種相態(tài)的物質(zhì)分開，有選擇性的限制不同化學(xué)物質(zhì)的流動(dòng)。一種膜可以是均相或者非均相的，在結(jié)構(gòu)上對(duì)稱或不對(duì)稱，固體或者液體，帶有正電荷或者負(fù)電荷，是中性或帶有極性。由電場(chǎng)或濃度，壓強(qiáng)或溫度梯度可以引起對(duì)流或單個(gè)分子擴(kuò)散透過膜。膜的厚度可以從100微米到幾個(gè)毫米 （15 points）3. 工業(yè)上最常用的吸附劑是活性碳、硅膠和鋁，因?yàn)樗鼈儐挝恢亓烤哂械谋砻娣e較大 表面上覆蓋滿被吸附物后，不能再進(jìn)一步吸附，但是加熱可以去掉這些吸附物，重新具備吸附能力。溫度對(duì)吸附能力有很大的影響，經(jīng)常是在恒溫下測(cè)量吸附能力，數(shù)據(jù)圖就是等溫線，在某一溫度下，吸附步驟幾乎沒有變化。4. 在沒有環(huán)氧化物存在的情況下，溴化氫加成丙烯，遵循馬氏規(guī)則，得到異丙基溴。在有環(huán)氧化物存在的情況下，這種加成順序被顛倒，產(chǎn)品是正丙基溴，這種加成