非謂語(yǔ)的用法的總結(jié)

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法總結(jié)李靖非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞）不是真正意義上的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在句中都不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。但都具有動(dòng)詞的某些特點(diǎn)， 可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)， 構(gòu)成非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。 不定式表目的，表將來(lái)；動(dòng)名詞表主動(dòng)，表進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)，表完成。一作主語(yǔ) ( 動(dòng)名詞、不定式、過(guò)去分詞前面加being,動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) )1）不定式、動(dòng)名詞都可做主語(yǔ)，但是動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)多指抽象的概念性的動(dòng)作，可以是多次的經(jīng)常的行為；不定式多表示具體的動(dòng)作，尤其是某一次的動(dòng)作。如：Playingwith fire is dangerous.玩火危險(xiǎn)。（泛指玩火）To play withfire wil

2、l be dangerous.玩火會(huì)發(fā)生危險(xiǎn)。2）用動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)的句型 :It s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth做.沒(méi)有用處 / 好處/ 樂(lè)趣Its a waste of time doing sth做.浪費(fèi)時(shí)間It is worth doing sth值得做某事It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水難收It is worth making an appointment before you go.去之前預(yù)約一下是值得的。3）不定式做主語(yǔ)的句型 .It is + adj +for sb to do sth.比較：表示人

3、的品質(zhì)時(shí)只能用of sb如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel/wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong 等單詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)。It is silly of you to say so.It is important for us to learn English well.Itis a must/ a necessityforus to have a good commandof the English language.4) “Wh-

4、 + to 不定式”可做主語(yǔ)。 如：When to leave hasn t been decided yet.什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身還沒(méi)定呢。Whether to drive or take the trainis still a problem.是自駕車還是乘火車仍是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。5） 一般情況下，不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如：Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。.Planting flowers needs constant watering.但 and 連接的多個(gè)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞大多用復(fù)數(shù)（如果前后動(dòng)名詞的語(yǔ)義一致，

5、謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)）。如： Lying and stealing are immoral.說(shuō)謊與盜竊是不道德的。6) 動(dòng)名詞前面可以加上形容詞性物主代詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 如：- What made him angry?-Marys /My/His/Her /Their/ The boys/ The presidents being late（made him angry.7）過(guò)去分詞不能單獨(dú)做主語(yǔ)，前面必須加上being ，構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞，做主語(yǔ)。如：Being exposed to the sunis harmful to the skin.1Being examined twice a ye

6、ar ,whether it is a car, a bus or a truck, is therule that every driver must obey in this city.經(jīng)典練習(xí)：1. It s important for the figures_ (update) regularly.2.No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when its better_(remain) silent.3.It s really stupid of you _ （tell）him the news yesterda

7、y so it hasbeen disturbing him all the time.4. _(understand)your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.5._(worry) about your grades doesnt help .6. The engine just won t start. Something seems _ (go) wrong with it.參考答案： 1. to update 2

8、. to remain 3. to have told 4. understanding 5.worrying 6.to go改錯(cuò)題：一個(gè)句子最多有一處錯(cuò)誤1.It s standardpracticefor a companylike thisone employ a security officer.2.Hear how othersreacttothe book you have justread creates an added pleasure.3.Knowbasic first-aidtechniques will help you respond quickly to emerg

9、encies.4. Do well in an interview will be an important part of getting a place atuniversity.5.He told us whether have a picnic was still under discussion.6.How prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.參考答案： 1. 在 employ 前加 to 2. Hear改為 Hearing3. Know改為 Knowing4. Do改為 Doing5. have前加 to6.

10、prevent前加 to.二. 作定語(yǔ)1）作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞， 或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面需要有相應(yīng)的介詞，如：The Browns have a comfortable houseto live in2) 用不定式作定語(yǔ)的幾種情況：a. 不定式表將來(lái)如： The car to be bought is for his sister.b.用來(lái)修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)或no, all, any， the only等限定的中心詞，且與中心詞為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系 ,如：He was the best manto do the job.She was th

11、e first womanto win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.c. 有些名詞的同根詞常跟不定式， 因而它們也常跟不定式做定語(yǔ)， 常見(jiàn)的有：promise, plan, attempt, offer, decision, refusal, failure, ability, chance, warning, anxiety,eagerness, willingness, readiness等I don t trust his promise to come for a visit.He said he had no plan to go ther

12、e.He made an attempt to stand up.Birdssinging is sometimes a warning to other birds to stay away.23) 前置定語(yǔ)： V+ing 可以表示正在進(jìn)行， 也可以表示特征； 過(guò)去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成或狀態(tài)請(qǐng)區(qū)別下面短語(yǔ) ：the boiling/ boiled water.正沸騰的水 ( 表正在進(jìn)行 )/ 白開(kāi)水（表完成）a good-looking flower.一朵好看的花兒（表特征）the developing countries/ the developed countries發(fā)展中國(guó)家 / 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家

13、the falling leaves / the fallen leaves正在下落的葉子 / 落葉the remaining money/ the money left剩下的錢注意：英語(yǔ)中有些表示感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞，其現(xiàn)在分詞形式表示“令人感到 . 的”，過(guò)去分詞形式表示“感到 . 的”如：an exciting voice一個(gè)令人興奮的聲音an excited voice一個(gè)興奮的聲音a puzzling expression一個(gè)令人困惑的表情a puzzled expression一個(gè)困惑的表情4）區(qū)別下列后置定語(yǔ)的用法：to be done表示被動(dòng)、將來(lái)；done 表示被動(dòng)、完成；being

14、done表示被動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行；v+ing表示主動(dòng)；動(dòng)詞的系表結(jié)構(gòu)直接去掉動(dòng)詞be;如果是不及物動(dòng)詞或者是感官系動(dòng)詞sound/taste/ feel/ smell/ look和變化系動(dòng)詞就只有用 V+ing 形式。Have you read the novelwrittenby Dickens?Listen! The songbeing sungis very popular with students.The questionto be discussedat tomorrows meeting is a very important one.The foodtasting delicious

15、sells well.注意：不定式在后置定語(yǔ)中只表示將來(lái)，不表目的；having dong 或者 having been done 一般用在狀語(yǔ)中，不可以做后置定語(yǔ)，過(guò)去分詞本身就表被動(dòng)和完成。請(qǐng)完成下面的練習(xí)1.There are many people _ (wait) outside the hall.2.There are many problems _ ( remain) to be solved.3.The flowers _ (smell) sweet attract a lot of people.4.There are many people _ (invite) to th

16、e party.5.The film, _ (set) in the 19th century, won the medal.6.The meeting_(hold) now is of great importance.7.The meeting_(hold) yesterday was of great importance.8.The meeting _ (hold) tomorrow is of great importance.9.He is always the first_ (come) and the last _ (leave).10.He is the only perso

17、n _(know) the truth.11.He was the best _ (do) the job.13. A great number of students _(question)said they were forced to practicethe piano.14. John has reallygot the job because he showed me the officialletter_(offer)it to him.315. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the

18、 envelope_ (provide)16. Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _(stay) away.17. The room is empty except for a bookshelf_（stand ）in one corner.18. Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail_(wait) for her.19. They might justhave a place _ (leave

19、)on the writingcourse why dont yougive it a try?20. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words _(use) in daily conversations.21. Volunteering gives you a chance _ (change) lives, including your own.參考答案：1.waiting 2.remaining3.smelling4.invited5. set 6.beingheld 7.held8.to be held 9. to c

20、ome 10. to leave 11.to know 12.to do 13. questioned 14. offering 15. provided 16. to stay 17. standing 18. waiting 19. left20. used 21. to leave 22. to change三 . 作表語(yǔ) ( 不定式 / 動(dòng)名詞 / 過(guò)去分詞都可以做表語(yǔ) )1. 動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)表示抽象的概念性的動(dòng)作，可以是多次的經(jīng)常性的行為；不定式多表示具體的動(dòng)作，尤其是某一次的動(dòng)作 例如：比較下列區(qū)別His favorite sport is swimming. (泛指游泳 )Your

21、 task today is to wash the curtains.( 指一次具體的工作 )2 .excited/disappointed/frightened/pleased/satisfied/interested/puzzled/tired 感到 exciting/disappointing/frightening/pleasing/satisfying/interesting/puzzling/tiring令人 .He is moved by the moving movie.The film is moving.It is a pleasant trip.（pleasant做前置

22、定語(yǔ)）The trip is pleasing.（pleasing做 表語(yǔ)）3. 注意下列表達(dá)方式： My bag is missing/ lost/ gone. I find my bag missing/lost/gone.4. remain 的表語(yǔ)1) remain to be done仍需去做 / 有待于 One problem remians to be solved.It remians to be seenwhether the operation was successful.2) remain 做“仍然是”講時(shí)，可用名詞， adj ，介詞，現(xiàn)在分詞或者過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)He re

23、mained stuck (滯留) abroadPeter became a manager, but Jackremained a worker.Whatever achievements you ve made, you shouldremain modest.無(wú)論你取得多么大的成就，你都該保持謙虛。He had to remain in hospitaluntil he was better.他不得不一直住院直到身體好些。This solid stone，square tower hadremained standingfor one thousand years.4The guests

24、 came in, but she remained sitting/seated at the desk reading. 客人們都來(lái)了，但她還坐在寫字臺(tái)旁讀書(shū)。As before, heremained unmoved. 他和以往一樣無(wú)動(dòng)于衷。注意： 1）用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“剩下；剩余；遺留” ，此時(shí)不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，也沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。After the fire, very little remained of his house.火災(zāi)過(guò)后，他的家所剩無(wú)幾。2) remaining 是形容詞 , 意為“剩余的” , 常作前置定語(yǔ)；而 left 則只能作后置定語(yǔ)。例如：There are

25、still some apples left.還剩余一些蘋果。I bought a gift for her with the remaining money.我用剩余的錢給她買了一件禮物。3) remain 作名詞時(shí)表示“剩余物” , 一般用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。 例如：The archeologists found some remains of the Song Dynasty.考古學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些宋代遺跡。5. 1) 主語(yǔ) + seem +(to be )+表語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)多為名詞或形容詞Tom seems (to be ) a very clever boy.湯姆看上去是一個(gè)非常聰明的男孩。The m

26、an over there seems to be a new teacher.那邊的那個(gè)人看上去像一個(gè)新老2) 主語(yǔ)+ seem to do sthbe doing sthhave done sthMrs. Green doesn t seem ( 或 seems not ) to like the idea.格林夫人似乎不太喜歡這個(gè)主意。The children seemed to be eating something in the room.孩子們好像正在房間里吃東西呢。The young man seemed to have changed much.這個(gè)年輕人看起來(lái)變化很大。6.

27、當(dāng)不定式用作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，其中的 to 原則上是不能省略的。如：His aim is to do two years work in one.他的目標(biāo)是一年干兩年的工作。但有一種例外，那就是當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分有動(dòng)詞do 的某種形式時(shí)，用作表語(yǔ)的不定式可以省略to 。如：What you first do is (to) mix the egg with flour.你先得把雞蛋和面粉和好。All I did was (to) touch the window, and it broke.我只不過(guò)碰了一下窗戶，玻璃就碎了經(jīng)典練習(xí)1. My worry is your _ (rely) too much on

28、your parents.2. Please remain _ (seat); the winner of the prize will be announced soon.3. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying_( connect)答案： 1.relying2.seated3.connected四. 作賓語(yǔ) ( 不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可以作賓語(yǔ) )51. 只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)考慮、建議和原諒，承認(rèn)、推遲沒(méi)得想像避免、繼續(xù)練

29、，否認(rèn)完成停感謝不禁止介意準(zhǔn)逃亡consider （考慮） ;advise/suggest/propose/recommend(建議 ); excuse/pardon(原諒) ；admit/acknowledge( 承認(rèn) ) ；delay/postpone/put off(推遲); imagine/fancy(想像) ；avoid（避免）； practise （練習(xí)） ;deny( 否認(rèn));finish(完成); appreciate/acknowledge(感謝);forbid (禁止); mind(介意); escape(逃脫 ) ；此外，這些動(dòng)詞也跟動(dòng)名詞：miss（錯(cuò)過(guò)）；enjoy（

30、享受）；risk( 冒險(xiǎn) ) ；tolerate/bear/stand/putup with(容忍) ；quit （停止） advocate （提倡）； resist（抵制） understand （理解）；allow/permit(允許 )短語(yǔ)：feel like doing sth（喜歡做某事 ; give up doing (放棄做某事 ); keep doing(不停的做某事); be busy doing sth; cant help doing sth（情不自禁） ; be worth doing sth (值得做某事) ；have difficulty/troubledoing

31、sth( 做.有困難 / 麻煩); have a hard/good timedoing sth做.很開(kāi)心 / 不開(kāi)心 ; have fun doing sth做 .很開(kāi)心 succeed in doing sth成功做某事句型：It is no use/good /pleasure doing sth做.沒(méi)有用處 / 好處 / 樂(lè)趣There is no point in doing sth= There is no need to do sth沒(méi)必要做某事It s a waste of time doing sth做.浪費(fèi)時(shí)間It is worthwhile doing/ to do st

32、h = be worthy to be done= be worthy of being done= beworth doing sth值得做某事2. 只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend,offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help,(afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten 口訣之外的單詞 )She

33、 pretended not to see me when I passed by.We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.3. forget ，go on，mean， regret ，remember，stop ，try 等動(dòng)詞或詞組可帶動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但意義上有區(qū)別。forget to do sth _ forget doing sth _go on to do sth _go on doing sth _mean to do sth_ mean doing sth_regret to say/tell/in

34、form/announce_regret doing sth/having done_remember to do sth_ remember doing sth_stop to do sth_ stop doing sth_6try to do sth_ try doing sth_cant help (to) do sth _ cant help doing sth _cant help but do sth =cant but do sth _sb used to do sth _ sb be used to doing sth _sth be used to do sth _be af

35、raid to do sth不敢做某事be afraid of doing sth擔(dān)心發(fā)生某事be sure to do sth一定會(huì) .be sure of doing sth確信會(huì) .Let s go on studying Lesson 6.（讓我們繼續(xù)學(xué)第六課。說(shuō)明前面已學(xué)了一部分。）Let s go on to study Lesson 6.（讓我們接著學(xué)第六課。說(shuō)明前面已學(xué)了第五課。）I remember doing the exercise.（我記得做過(guò)練習(xí)。）I must remember to do it.（我必須記著做這事。）I tried not to go there.

36、（我設(shè)法不去那里。）I tried doing it again.（我試著又干了一次。）Stop speaking.（不要講話。）He stopped to talk.（他停下來(lái)講話。）I mean to come early today.（我打算今天早些來(lái)。）Missing the train means waiting for another hour.（誤了這趟火車意味著再等一個(gè)小時(shí)）4. 在 allow ，advise ，forbid ，permit 等動(dòng)詞后直接跟動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，其后用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：allow /advise/forbid/pe

37、rmit sb to do sthallow/advise/forbid/permit doing sthWe dont allow smoking here.We dont allow students to smoke.動(dòng)詞 need，require ，want 作“需要”解，其后必須用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)形式作賓語(yǔ)表示事情需要做，這時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。be worth 后必須用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義。Sth need/ want/require doing / to be done 需要 .Sth be worth doing 值得 .deserve to

38、be done/ doing. 值得 .The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.Her method is worth trying.These proposals deserve considering/ to be considered.這些建議應(yīng)該被考慮。5. to 為介詞的短語(yǔ)devote oneself/ones time to ( 把. 貢獻(xiàn)給 .)；look forward to ( 期望) ； pay attentionto ( 注意) ； attach importance to (重視 ) ； be us

39、ed/accustomed to (習(xí)慣于做某事 ) ；whenitcomes to ( 當(dāng)談到做某事 ) ; get down to( 著手) ；preferdoing sth to doing sth （喜歡 .而不喜歡 ; turn to doing sth(轉(zhuǎn)向) ；thanks to ( 多虧);lead to ( 導(dǎo)致) ；the key to doingsth ( 做某事的關(guān)鍵 ) ；object to/be opposed to ( 反對(duì)) ；contribute to ( 有助于 ) ；be addicted to doing sth ( 沉湎于；對(duì) . 上癮 ) ；make

40、 contributions to ( 對(duì). 做出貢獻(xiàn) ) ；due to （由于）； apply oneself to ( 致力于 ) ；stick to （堅(jiān)持）； come close to （接近于） 等后的動(dòng)詞也必須用動(dòng)名詞形式，例如：7I look forward to hearing from you soon.6. 不定式做動(dòng)詞（詞組） tell,show, understand,explain,teach, learn,advise,discuss,ask, decide, wonder, findout 等的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，前面常常帶引導(dǎo)詞how, what, whether, w

41、here,when, who 等，但是 why后加不帶 to 的不定式。He showed us how to do the work= He showed us how we should do the work.I dont know what to do= I dont know what I should do.We must decide whether to stay or go= We must decide whether well stay or go.Can you tell me why do it?7. 在 love ，hate ，prefer ，like 等動(dòng)詞后用動(dòng)

42、名詞或不定式無(wú)多大區(qū)別。有時(shí)用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，指一般情況，而跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)指某一具體行為。I love swimming.I love to swim today.8.start，begin ，continue 在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中多后接動(dòng)名詞，在口語(yǔ)中多后接不定式。It started to snow. He is beginning to cook dinner. I began to understand what hemeant.典型例題1. David threatened _(report)his neighbor to the police ifthe damageswere not p

43、aid.2. He chose _(keep) silent when asked why.3. He volunteered _(help) the victims in the earthquake.4.Whenever you are in trouble, dont hesitate _(ask) me for help.5.As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need_(repair).6.Can I smoke here?Sorry. We don t allow _(s

44、moke) here.7. I hear theyve promoted Tom, but he didnt mention _(promote) when we talkedon the phone.8. Billsuggested _(hold) a meeting on what to do forthe Shanghai Expo during thevacation.9. I really appreciate _(have) time to holiday with you on this nice island.10. I can hardly imagine her _(mar

45、ry) such a men as Lee.11. It s quite hot today. Do you feel like _(go) for a swim?12.The film star wears sunglass. Therefore, he can go shopping without _(recognize).13.They are quiet, aren t they?Yes, they are accustomed to not talk at meals.14. How can I afford to fly to America when I can only ea

46、rn 800 Yuan a month.15. Would you mind turn down your radio a little, please?16. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed caught.17. He practiced playing the piano every morning.18. He risked losing his life in order to save the drowning girl.19. He was considering changed his mind.20. He was cons

47、idered to be very rich.21. Don t worry. We can manage to help you out.822. I was advised to quit the job and try a new one.23. Weve had a good start, but next, more work needs to be done to achieve the final success.24. One learns a language by making mistakes and correct them.25. China recently tig

48、htened its waters controls near the HuangYan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from attacked in the South China Sea.26. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and having reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look.27. When it comes to speak in public, no one can match him.28. Lydi

49、a doesn t feel like study abroad. Her parents are old.29. I really regret _ (inform) you that you have failed to pass the exam.30. He tried _(persuade) her to accept their incitation, but in vain.31. She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten bya snake.32. I still

50、 remember taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.33. No one answered the front door, so I tried knocking at the back door.34. I m afraid I can t help painting the house this afternoon.35. I couldn t choose but to accept his invitation.36.I m sorry. I didn t mean hurt you.37.Now that we have

51、finished Exercise I, lets go on to do Exercise.38. I couldn t help but admiring him for his courage.39. Oh, my goodness! I forgot to lock the door last night. Is there anything missing?40. I forgot paid already, so I went to my boss again.41. The competitor never dreamed of there _ (be) a chance for him to win the first prize in the 100 meter race.42. Have you heard of my sister _ (win) the contest?43. The doctor does not mind I eating a little meat occasionally.44. She didn t mind her bo