高級(jí)英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)修辭復(fù)習(xí)

1、1Lesson 1 Pub Talk and the Kings English1. The conversation had swung from Australian convicts of the 19th century to the English peasantsof the 12th century. Who was right, who was wrong, did not matter. The conversation was onwings. metaphor2. As we listen today to the argumentsabout bilingual edu

2、cation,we ought to think ourselves backinto the shoes of the Saxon peasantm. etaphor3. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries-Audenonce said that all a writer needs is a pen,plenty of paper and the best dictionaries he can afford-but I agree with the person who said thatdictionaries are in

3、struments of common sense.metaphor4. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the Kings English slips and slides inconversation.alliteration5. Other people may celebratethe lofty conversationsin which the great minds are supposed to haveindulged in the great salons of 18th century Paris, b

4、ut one suspects that the great minds weregossiping and judging the quality of the food and the wine.synecdoche6. Otherwise one will tie up the conversation and will not let it go on freely.metaphorLesson 3 Inaugural Address1Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, tha

5、t the torch has beenpassed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a2hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slowundoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to w

6、hich we arecommitted today at home and around the world.alliteration2Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear anyburden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and thesuccess of libertyparallelism3United, there i

7、s little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we cando, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. antithesis4in the past, those who foolishly sought power by ridi ng the back of the tiger en ded upinside.metaphor5If a free society canno

8、t help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.antithesisLesson 4 Love Is a Fallacy1Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays,unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dreams Children.metaphor2Read, then, the follo

9、wing essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry,pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion,and trauma metaphor, hyperbole3She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotions but I was not one to let my heart rule myheadmetonymy34Back and f

10、orth his head swiveled, desire wax ing, resoluti on wanantithesis5It is not ofte n that one so young has such a gia nt in tellect. Take, for example, Petey Butch, myroommate at the Uni versity of Minn esota. Same age, same backgro und, but dumb as anox.hyperbole, simile6One more chanee, I decided. B

11、ut just one more. There is a limit to what flesh and blood canbearsyn ecdoche7Maybe somewhere in the ext inct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybesomehow I could fan them into flammetaphor, exte nded metaphor81 may do better than that, I said with a mysterious wink and closed my b

12、ag and left.transferred epithet9Less on 5 The Sad Young Men1The slightest men ti on of the decade brings no stalgic recollect ions to the middle-aged andcurious questionings by the young: memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to aspeakeasy, of the brave denunciation of Purita

13、n morality, and of the fashi on able experime ntationsin amour in the parked seda n on a country road; questions about the naughty, jazzy parties,the flask-toting sheik , and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the“flapperand the“drug-storecowboy .transferred epithet2War or no war, as the generation

14、spassed,it becameincreasinglydifficult for our young people toaccept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which4they were expected to battle for success. metaphor3The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916, the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United

15、States,and our official reluctanceto declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many ofour idealistic citizens, and with typical American adventurousnessenhanced somewhat by thestrenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt, our young men began to enlist under foreignflagsm. etonymy4Before lo

16、ng the movement had become officially recognized by the pulpit (which denounced it),by the movies and magazines(which made it attractively naughty while pretending to denounce it),and by advertising (which obliquely encouraged it by selling everything from cigarettes toautomobiles with theimplied pr

17、omise that their owners would be rendered sexuallyirresistib.le)metonymy5Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playing with marbles and dollsduring the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no realdisillusionment or senseof loss, now began to imi

18、tate the manners of their elders and play withthe toys of vulgar rebellionm. etaphor6These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, therewas little remedy f

19、or the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where“they do thingsbetter.”personification, metonymy,synecdoche7The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social5structure, and by precipitating our young people into a pattern of mass murder it releasedtheirinhibite

20、d violent energieswhich, after the shooting was over, were turned in both Europe andAmerica to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society. metaphorLesson 6 Loving and Hating New York1The giant Manhattan television studios where Toscaninis NBC Symphony onceplayed now sit empty most

21、of the time, while sitcoms cloned and canned inHollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, preempt the airways from California.alliteration and metaphor2Tin Pan Alley has moved to Nashville and Hollywood. metonymy3New York was never Mecca to me. metonymy4Nature constantly yields to man in New York:

22、witness those fragile sidewalktreesgamely struggling against encroaching cement and petrol fumeps.ersonification5So much of well-to-do America now lives antisepticallyin enclaves,tranquil and luxurious, thatshut out the world. metonymy6The defeated are not hidden away somewhereelse on the wrong side

23、 of town.euphemism7Characteristically,the city swallows up the United Nations and refuses to take itseriously, regarding it as an unworkable mixture of the idealistic, the impractical, andthe hypocritical.personification6Lesson 8 The Future of the English1Some cancer in their character has eaten awa

24、y their Englishness.metaphor, personification2Aga inst this, at least superficially, En glish ness seems a poor shadowy show -a faint pencilsketch beside a poster in full colour.metaphor3As it is they are like a hippopotamus blundering in and out of a petssimile4But it is worth noting along the way

25、that while America has been for many years the chiefadvocate of Admass, America has shown us too many desperately worried executives droppinginto early graves.transferred epithet5Yes, Englishness is still with us. But it needs reinforcement, extra nourishment, especially nowwhen our public life seem

26、s ready to starve it.metaphor6There are English people of all ages, though far more under thirty than over sixty, who seem toregard politics as a game but not one of their games-polo, let us say.metaphor7And this is true, whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable mops ofhair.metonymyLesso

27、n 10 The Discovery of What It Means to Be an American1When it did, I like many a writer before me upon the discovery that his props have all beenknocked out from under him, suffered a speciesof breakdown ad was carried off to the mountainsof Switzerlan.dmetaphor2There, in that absolutelyalabasterlandscapearmed with two BessieSmith records and a typew