初中英語(yǔ)代詞講解及習(xí)題(附答案)

1、第三章 代詞：代詞的分類(lèi)：英語(yǔ)中代詞分為：人稱(chēng)代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、關(guān)系代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、連接代詞和不定代詞等等。第一節(jié) 人稱(chēng)代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞1、人稱(chēng)代詞：人稱(chēng)代詞代替人和事物的名稱(chēng),分為主格和賓格兩種形式。（1）、主格用來(lái)作句子的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。如： I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去購(gòu)物) / Are they from Brazil?(他們是巴西人嗎？) / Where have they gone?(他們上哪兒去了？) / Thats it.(就那么回事) / Its he!(是他！) （2）、賓格用來(lái)作及物動(dòng)詞或者介詞的賓語(yǔ)。

2、如：Who teaches you English thisyear?(今年誰(shuí)教你們的英語(yǔ)？) / Help me!(救救我！) / We often write letters to her.(我們常給他寫(xiě)信) （3）、人稱(chēng)代詞作表語(yǔ)或者放在比較狀語(yǔ)從句連詞than或as之后時(shí),可以用主格形式,也可以用賓格形式,口語(yǔ)中大多用賓格。如：-Who is it?(是誰(shuí)？) Its I/me.(是我。) （4）、三個(gè)不同人稱(chēng)同時(shí)出現(xiàn),或者主語(yǔ)中包含“我”時(shí),按照“youheI”的順序表達(dá)。如：Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和

3、他都在那家電腦公司上班) Who will go there?(誰(shuí)要去那兒？) You and me.(你和我) （5)、人稱(chēng)代詞it除了可以指人指物之外,還可以表示“時(shí)間、天氣、溫度、距離、情況”等含義,此外還可以作“非人稱(chēng)代詞”使用,替代作主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)的不定式、動(dòng)名詞或者名詞性從句。如：-Whats the weather like today?(今天天氣怎樣？)Its fine.(天氣晴好) / -Whats the time?(幾點(diǎn)啦？) Its 12：00.(12點(diǎn)) / Its a long way to go.(那可要走好長(zhǎng)的路) / It took him three days

4、 to clean his house.(打掃屋子花了他三天的時(shí)間) / It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space.(很顯然,公眾想知道這些人什么時(shí)候能進(jìn)入太空) / We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我們發(fā)覺(jué)要學(xué)好一門(mén)外語(yǔ)是非常困難的)2、物主代詞：說(shuō)明事物所屬關(guān)系的代詞,分為形容詞性和名詞性?xún)煞N。（1)、形容詞性物主代詞只能作句子中名詞的修飾語(yǔ),后面要跟名詞。如： Is that your

5、 umbrella?(那是你的傘嗎？) / I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.(我經(jīng)常在星期天去看望阿姨) / They are their books.(是他們的書(shū)) (2)、名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于名詞,既代替事物又表明所屬關(guān)系,在句子中往往獨(dú)立地作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ),后面千萬(wàn)不可以跟名詞。如：This is your cup,but where is mine?(這是你的杯子,可我的在哪兒？) / Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(你們的教室很大,我們的相當(dāng)小)(3)、“of +

6、 名詞性物主代詞”稱(chēng)為雙重所有格,作定語(yǔ)時(shí)放在名詞的后面。如：A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.(我的一個(gè)朋友昨天來(lái)看我了) (指若干朋友中有一個(gè)來(lái)看我。)試比較 My friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天來(lái)看我了)(指我的那個(gè)特定的朋友來(lái)看我。)3、反身代詞：表示謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作與主語(yǔ)有關(guān)或者賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作與賓語(yǔ)有關(guān)。(1)、反身代詞在句子中作賓語(yǔ)表示反射(指一個(gè)動(dòng)作回到該動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者本身)。如：Dont play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.(不要玩刀子

7、,那會(huì)割傷你的)(2)、在句子中作同位語(yǔ)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)(即用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞或代詞的語(yǔ)氣)。如： The story itself is good. Only he didnt tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他沒(méi)有講好)4.指示代詞： 指示說(shuō)明近處或者遠(yuǎn)處、上文或者下文、以前或者現(xiàn)在的人或事物。指示代詞既可以單獨(dú)使用做句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),也可以作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞。如：Whats this?(這是什么？) / That model plane is made of plastic.(那只模型飛機(jī)是塑料做的)(被動(dòng)句) / Remember never to do such things.(

8、記得永遠(yuǎn)不要做這樣的事情) / Do the same as the teacher tells you. (按老師說(shuō)的做)/ -Who is it?(是誰(shuí)？) -Its me!(是我！)一、用適當(dāng)?shù)娜朔Q(chēng)代詞填空：1. _ is my aunt. We often visit _. ( she )2. China is a developing country. _is in the east of Asia.( its )3. What day is _ today? _ is Thursday. (its)5. I own a blue bike. The red one isnt _.

9、( I )6. These new houses are so nice. _are very expensive.(them )7. The fishermen caught a lot of fish, didnt _? ( them )8. Ling Ling is a girl._studies in a primary school._ brother lives with _ and helps _ with_ lessons. ( she )9. Mike is my classmate. _ is good at Engliush . ( his )10. Kate wants

10、 a glass of milk. Will you pass it to _ ? ( she )11. Whats the weather like today ? _ is cloudy. ( its )二、用形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞填空1. I ate all _ sandwiches yesterday.( I ) Can I have one of _ ? ( you )2. George has lost _ ( his ) pen. Ask Mary if（是否）she will lend him _ . ( she )3.Jack has a dog and so ha

11、ve I._(he)dog and _( I ) had a fight (打架).4. The teacher wants you to return that book of _ ( he )5. Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend of _ are coming to see us. ( they )6. We are going to Paris to stay with a French friend of _ . (we )7. This isnt_knife. _ is green. ( she )8. These are your books Kat

12、e.Put _in the desk，please.(they )9. _ must look after _ things. ( you )10. Wei Fang，is that _ ruler? Yes，its.( you )11. They want a football. Give _the green one，please. ( they)12. Its Lin Taos bag. Give it to _. ( he )13. Is this pencil-box Li Leis? No，_ is very new. ( he )14. This box is too heavy

13、. I cant carry _. ( it )Dont worry，Let _( I ) help _. ( you)15. _is a boy_ name is Mike.Mikes friends like _ very much.( he )16. My sister is in _ room. _ is a teacher. ( she )17. Jane is a little girl. _ mother is a nurse. ( she )18. We are in _ classroom. _ classroom is big. ( we)19. My father and

14、 mother are teachers. _ are busy ( them)20. You are a pupil. Is _ brother a pupil, too? ( you )三. 從括號(hào)內(nèi)選擇正確的代詞填空1. Your football clothes are on the desk.Please put _(they，them，their，theirs) away.2. (We，Us，Our，Ours)_ English teacher is Mrs. Green.We all like _(she，her，hers).3. (I，Me，My，Mine)_ cant get

15、 my kite.Could you help _(I，me，my，mine)?4. Tom cant get down from the tree.Can you help _(he，him，his)?5. We cant find our bikes.Can you help _(we，us，our，ours)?6. These are _(he，him，his) planes.The white ones are _(I，me，mine).四、用括號(hào)中的適當(dāng)形式填空1 Are these _（you）pencils?Yes,they are _（our）. 2 Whose is this

16、 pencil? Its _（I）.3 I love _（they）very much.4 She is_（I）classmate.5 Miss Li often looks after_（she）brother.6 Are these _（they）bags ？No, they arent _（their）. They are _（we）.七、選擇填空.1. Mr. More has more money than Mr. Little . But he doesnt enjoy _.A. he B. him C. his D. himself2. Lily was 9 years old.

17、 _ was old enough to go to school _.A. She , she B. She , herself C. Her, herself D. Her. she3. Jims watch is much newer than _.A. hers B.she C. her D. herself4. Would you like _for super?A: something Chinese B：Chinese somethingC: anything Chinese D: Chinese anything5. _ piano is too old ,but she st

18、ill liked playing it.A. She B. Shes C. Hers D. Her6. Who taught you English last year?Nobody taught me . I taught _.A. me B. myself C. mine D. I7. That bike is _?Ahe B. him C. his D. it8. We bought _ a present, but _ didn”t like it.A. they, them B. them , theyC. themselves , their D. theirs, they9.

19、Whos singing over there ? _ is Sandys sister.A. That B. It C. She D. This10. _ will spend the summer holiday in Hawaii.A. She, you and I B. You, she and I C.I, you and she D. Her, me and you11. Between you and _, he is not a real friend.A. me B. I C. he D. his12. My uncle bought a new bike for _.A.

20、theirs B. they C. me D. I13. Heres a postcard for you, Jim! Oh, _ is from my friend, Mary.A. he B. it C. she D. its14. Little Baby knows that he should not take the things that do not belong to _.A. he B. his C. her D. him15. Will anyone go on a trip with him ? Not _.A. I B. me C. mine D. he16. Amon

21、g those lovely toys, the brown toy dog was given by _.A. he B. his C. him答案：一、1、she her 2、it 3、it it 5、mine 6、they 7、they 8、she her her her her 9、he 10、her 11、it二、1、my yours 2、his hers 3、his mine 4、his 5、them 6、ours 7、her her8、them 9、you your 10、your 11、them 12、him 13、his 14、it me you 15、he his him

22、16、her she 17、her 18、our our 19、they 20、your三、1、them 2、our her 3、i me 4、him 5、us 6、his mine四、1、your ours 2、mine 3、them 4、my 5、her 6、their their ours七、1、D 2、B 3、A 4、D 5、D 6、B 7、C 8、B 9、C 10、B 11、A 12、C 13、B14、B 15、B 16、C反身代詞:1. Those girls enjoyed _ in the party last night.A. them B. they C. themselv

23、es D. herself2. Help _ to some fish, children.A. yourself B. your C. yours D. yourselves3. The film _ is very fun.A. its B. itself C. it D. its4. Who teaches _ math? I teach _.A. your, my self B. you, myself C. you, me D. you, herself5. The father will make _ a bike _.A. her, himself B. she, himself

24、 C. her, herself D. she, herself 6.6. The scarf is _, she made it_.A. herself, her B. herself, hers C. hers, herself D. her, herself7. . Liu Hulans death was great. She thought more of others than _.A. her B. she C. hers D. herself8. Luckily, he didnt hurt _ terribly yesterday.A. him B. themselves C

25、. himself D. they9. I cant mend my shoe _. Can you mend it for _?A. myself, me B. myself, I C. me, I D. I, me10. I like watching _ in the mirror.A. me B. I C. my D. myselfKey: 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. D指示代詞：( ) 1 Who's that at the door? _ is the postman.A. She B. This C.

26、It D. He( ) 2 -Who's that in the picture? A. It's me B. That's I C. This is a boy D. It's I( ) 3 -Look, who is coming? -_ must be our English teacher.A. She B. He C. It D. This( ) 4 Someone is knocking at the door, but who can_ be?A. one B. he C. she D. it4( ) 1 _ was late summer and

27、 the weather was very hot.A. That B. It C. This D. It's( ) 2 What time is _ now?A it B. all C. this D: that( ) 3 _ a heavy rain last night.A. There had B. We had C. It was D. There is( ) 4 _ is 200 kilometres from here to the natural park. We have to go there by car.A. There B. It C. This D. The

28、 place3. 1-4 D A D D4. 1-4 B A B B6、關(guān)系代詞：用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的代詞叫關(guān)系代詞,參見(jiàn)后面的定語(yǔ)從句。1、關(guān)系代詞who 、which、 that 、whom 等,將定語(yǔ)從句和主句連接起來(lái)。英語(yǔ)中的關(guān)系代詞一方面在從句中擔(dān)任一定的成分,另一方面又起連接作用。如：The student who is drawing a picture is in Grade One.(正在畫(huà)畫(huà)的學(xué)生是一年級(jí)的)2、關(guān)系代詞who / whom指人,如果作從句的賓語(yǔ),則有時(shí)省略。如： Do you know the man who is wearing a red hat? (你

29、認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)戴著紅帽子的男人嗎？)3、關(guān)系代詞which 指物,如果作從句的賓語(yǔ),則有時(shí)省略。如：Have you found the book which you lost several days ago?(你找到幾天前丟失的那本書(shū)了嗎？)4、關(guān)系代詞that既可指人也可指物,如果作從句的賓語(yǔ),則有時(shí)省略。如：Canyou see the man/dog that is running along the river bank ?(你看得見(jiàn)順著河跑的男人/狗了嗎？)7、連接代詞：用來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞稱(chēng)連接代詞。 英語(yǔ)中連接代詞主要有：what(什么),who(誰(shuí)),wh

30、om(誰(shuí)),which(哪個(gè)),whose(誰(shuí)的)。詳見(jiàn)相應(yīng)從句。10、疑問(wèn)代詞：用來(lái)提出問(wèn)題的代詞稱(chēng)為疑問(wèn)代詞。1、who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever主要用于特殊疑問(wèn)句中,一般放在句首。口語(yǔ)中也常用who代替whom作賓語(yǔ),但在介詞后則只能用whom。如： Who(m) did you invite to your birthday party?(你都邀請(qǐng)了誰(shuí)參加你的生日聚會(huì)的？) / What does she want to be when she grows up?(她長(zhǎng)大了想干什么？)2、who 和whom只能獨(dú)立

31、使用,其中who可以作句子的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),whom只能作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)；而what、which、whose等既可以獨(dú)立使用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),也可以與名詞構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)短語(yǔ)。如： Who is that man?(那男的是誰(shuí)？) / What colour are their hats?(他們的帽子是什么顏色？) / Which car was made in Germany?(哪輛車(chē)是德國(guó)造的？)(被動(dòng)句) 注意這個(gè)提問(wèn)：The man in the car is my father.(車(chē)?yán)锏哪腥耸俏腋赣H)Which man is your father?(哪個(gè)男人是你的父親？)3、wh

32、ich除了可以詢(xún)問(wèn)指代的情況之外,還可以針對(duì)說(shuō)明人物的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、歲數(shù)、顏色、大小、狀況等進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。如：People there live a very sad life.(那里的人生活凄慘) Which people live a sad life? (哪些人生活凄慘？)/ -Which hotel have you booked for your holiday?(為了度假你預(yù)訂了哪家旅館？)The biggest one in Haikou.(?？谧畲蟮哪羌衣灭^)4、疑問(wèn)代詞不分單復(fù)數(shù),視它所替代的人或事物決定單復(fù)數(shù),但是通常用單數(shù)；如果修飾名詞,則以名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)為準(zhǔn)。如：Who is

33、(are) in that playhouse?(誰(shuí)在游戲房里？) / What is that? (那是什么？)/ What are those? (那些是什么？) / What colours do they have?(它們有哪些顏色？) 8( ) 1 _ is the best season of the year?A. When B. What C. Which D. What time( ) 2 o-_ is your sister?-She is a nurse.A. What B. Which C. How D. Who( ) 3 -_ colour are your new

34、shoes?-They are brown.A. Any B. Whose C. Which D. What( ) 4 -_ is your classmate John like?-He's very tall.A. How B. What C. Who D. Which9) ( )1 _ has happened and _ did it?A. Who; who B. What; who C. What; what D. Who; what( ) 2 Who waiting outside? Please ask them to come in.A. is B. has C. ha

35、ve D. are( ) 1 -_ is that man over there?-He's Mr Green.A. What B. Which C. How D. Who( ) 2 -_ is the boy standing there?-He is my brother.A. Which B. What C. How D. Who( ) 3 Who _ the little American boy over there?A. were B. are C. is D.1 am( )4 Who_these tall men?A. is B. am C. are D. was11(

36、) 1 _ one do you like, the blue one or the red one?A. What B. Which C. That D. This( ) 2 -_ is bigger?-The yellow one.A. who B. whom C. which D. It( ) 3 _ of you would like to go with us?A. Who B. Which C. All D. Both12( ) 1 -_ bag is this?-It's Jack's.A. What B. Which C. Whose D.Who's(

37、) 2 -_ pencils are these?-They are theirs.A. Which B. Whose C. / D. These( ) 3 _ house is being repaired?A. hat B. Where C. Who D. Whose13( ) 1 Please find out _ he is looking after at home.A. who B. which C. whom D. when( ) 2 _ do you think you should help?A. Whose B. Which C. What D. Whom( ) 3 He

38、told me _ he was sent for.30( ) 1 The man missed the bus. _ is why he was late for the meeting.A. It B. That C. This D. All( ) 2 He has to stay at home. _ he has a bad cold.A. This is because B. That's why C. So is it D. The reason is( ) 3 -How many books are there on the table? Only four. A. Th

39、is is all rightB. That's all right C. That's right D. It is all right A. whom B. that C. both D. Where8. 1-4 D A D B 9. 1-2 B D 10. 1-4 D D D D 11. 1-3 B D B 12. 1-3 B D D 13. 1-3 D D A 30. 1-3 B A D8、不定代詞：代替或修飾不特指的人或事物的代詞叫不定代詞。 注：復(fù)合不定代詞有12個(gè)：something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything

40、(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(沒(méi)事),nobody(沒(méi)有人), no one(沒(méi)有人), everything(一切), everyone(每個(gè)人), everybody(每個(gè)人).(1)some和 any 的用法：some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“幾個(gè)”、“一些”、“某個(gè)”作定語(yǔ)時(shí)可修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。如：I have some work to do today. (今天我有些事情要做)/ They will go there some day.(他們有朝一日會(huì)去那兒) some 用于疑問(wèn)句時(shí),表示建議、請(qǐng)求或希望得到肯定回答。如：

41、Would you like some coffee with sugar?(你要加糖的咖啡嗎？)any 一般用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一個(gè)”,作定語(yǔ)時(shí)可修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。如：They didnt have any friends here. (他們?cè)谶@里沒(méi)有朋友)/ Have you got any questions to ask?(你有問(wèn)題要問(wèn)嗎？)any 用于肯定句時(shí),意思是“任何的”。Come here with any friend.(隨便帶什么朋友來(lái)吧。)(2)no和none的用法：no是形容詞,只能作定語(yǔ)表示,意思是“沒(méi)有”,修飾可數(shù)名詞(單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù))

42、或不可數(shù)名詞。如：There is no time left. Please hurry up.(沒(méi)有時(shí)間了,請(qǐng)快點(diǎn)) / They had no reading books to lend.(他們沒(méi)有閱讀用書(shū)可以出借)none只能獨(dú)立使用,在句子中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),意思是“沒(méi)有一個(gè)人(或事物)”,表示復(fù)數(shù)或單數(shù)。如：None of them is/are in the classroom.(他們當(dāng)中沒(méi)有一個(gè)在教室里) / I have many books, but none is interesting.(我有很多的書(shū),但沒(méi)有一本是有趣的)(3)all和both的用法：all指三者或三

43、者以上的人或物,用來(lái)代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞；也可用來(lái)代替或修飾不可數(shù)名詞。both指兩個(gè)人或物,用來(lái)代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞。all和both在句子中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。如：I know all of the four British students in their school.(他們學(xué)校里四個(gè)英國(guó)學(xué)生我全認(rèn)識(shí)) / -Would you like this one or that one? Both.(你要這個(gè)還是那個(gè)？?jī)蓚€(gè)都要。)all和both既可以修飾名詞(all/both+(the)+名詞),也可以獨(dú)立使用,采用“all/both + of the +名詞(復(fù)數(shù))”的形式,其中的

44、of 可以省略。如：All (of) (the) boys are naughty.(是男孩都調(diào)皮)(4)every和each用法：every是形容詞,只能作定語(yǔ)修飾單數(shù)名詞,意思是“每一個(gè)”,表示整體概念； each是形容詞、代詞,可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等,意思是“每個(gè)”或者“各個(gè)”,表示單個(gè)概念；each可以放在名詞前,可以后跟of短語(yǔ),與動(dòng)詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí)要放在“be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”之后或者行為動(dòng)詞之前every和each都用作單數(shù)理解,但是下文中既可以用單數(shù)的代詞(如he/him/his)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)的代詞(如they/them/their)替代。如：Every one of th

45、e students in his class studies very hard.(他班上每個(gè)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)都很用功) / They are very busy. Each of them has something to do.(他們很忙,人人都有事干)(5)either和neither的用法：either意思是“兩個(gè)中間的任何一個(gè)”；neither是either的否定形式,意思是“兩個(gè)都不”。neither和either在句子中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)等,都用作單數(shù)。如：I dont care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do. (

46、我不介意喝些什么,兩個(gè)之中隨便哪個(gè)都行) / -Will you go there by bus or by car? Neither. I will go there by train.(你坐公車(chē)去還是坐轎車(chē)去？一個(gè)都不坐,我坐火車(chē)去。)(6)other、the other和another的用法：other意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有復(fù)數(shù)形式。在句子中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。another意思是“另外”、“又一個(gè)”,表示增加,在句中可作賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。如： Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting

47、 on the grass talking.(有些女孩在大蘋(píng)果樹(shù)下唱歌,別的就躺在草地上說(shuō)話) / You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one?(你已經(jīng)吃了好幾塊餅子了,你真的還要一塊？) / I want another four books.(我還要四本書(shū))another(另外的,再一,又一)與the other(另外的一個(gè)) 主要從數(shù)量上區(qū)分,只有兩個(gè)時(shí)用the other,在原先基礎(chǔ)上增加用another。如： This is one of your socks. Where is the other one?(

48、這是你的一只襪子,還有一只呢？) / I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another.(我已經(jīng)吃了4塊蛋糕,但是我還要以塊。)others與the others的主要區(qū)別：others指“剩余的人/物”(指大部分)；theothers指“其余的人/物”,(指全部)。如：A few students are playing soccer while others are watching them.(有幾個(gè)學(xué)生在踢足球,其他一些人在觀看) / Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are si

49、tting round them.(十個(gè)男孩中有兩個(gè)站著,其他人都圍著他們坐著。)(7)many和much的用法：many意思是“很多”,與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)連用；much意思是“很多”,與不可數(shù)名詞連用。它們?cè)诰渲锌勺髦髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)等。如：I dont have many friends here.(在這里我沒(méi)有很多的朋友。) /Many died in the bus accident.(許多人在公交車(chē)禍中喪失) / We can learn much with the help of him.(在他的幫助之下我們能學(xué)到很多)many和much一般用于否定句,肯定句中通常用a lot of 或

50、者lots of; many/ much用于肯定句時(shí)可以在前面加上so、very或too.如： There are a lot of people on the playground.(操場(chǎng)上有許多的人)/ They havent got much work to do.(他們沒(méi)有多少事情可做) / There are too many people in the room.(房間里人太多了。)(8)few、little、a few、a little的用法：few、little意思是“很少幾個(gè)”、“幾乎沒(méi)有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little意思是“有幾個(gè)”、“有些”,有肯定的意思

51、；few、a few與可數(shù)名詞連用或代替可數(shù)的事物, little、a little與不可數(shù)名詞連用或代替不可數(shù)的事物。它們?cè)诰渲锌勺髦髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。如： He is very poor and he has little money.(他很窮,幾乎沒(méi)有什么錢(qián)。) / Dont worry. There is still a little time left.(別著急,還有一點(diǎn)兒時(shí)間呢。) / In that polar region there live few people.(在那個(gè)極地地區(qū)幾乎不住人) / You can get a few sweets from him.(你可以從他

52、那兒弄到一些糖果)(9)復(fù)合不定代詞somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything,everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing 構(gòu)成的,叫做復(fù)合不定代詞,在句子中當(dāng)單數(shù)使用。somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中；anything, anybody,anyone一般用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中。修飾復(fù)合不定代詞的定語(yǔ),應(yīng)放在它們的后面。如：Hey,Lily. There is someone outside the door.(嗨,麗麗,門(mén)外有人

53、。) /Di(每個(gè)人)d you meet anyone when you came to school last Sunday?(上個(gè)星期天你來(lái)學(xué)校時(shí)見(jiàn)到什么人了嗎？)/He has nothing much to do today.(他今天沒(méi)有多少事情做)(10)one與ones用來(lái)代替上文的一個(gè)或多個(gè)人或事物,前面可以加冠詞、形容詞、指示代詞、which等。如： Which jacket would you like, this one or that one?(你要哪件夾克,這件還是那件？ / I dont like the green ones.(我不喜歡綠色的那些)(11)so可以

54、代替一件事情,作句子的賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。如： I dont think so.(我認(rèn)為不是這樣的。) / He lost a book. So did I.(他丟失了一本書(shū),我也是。)(12)a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great dealof、plenty of的區(qū)別：五個(gè)“名詞+介詞”短語(yǔ)都表示“大量,許多”,a lot of(或lots of)既可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞也可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,可以相應(yīng)地?fù)Q為much和many；plenty of“足夠、大量”,既可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞也可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 a num

55、ber of / large numbers of只可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式(它修飾的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式)可以換為some、many、a lot of、plenty of。 a great deal of只可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞(它修飾的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式)可以換為much。如：A lot of people think that time is money.(許多的人認(rèn)為時(shí)間就是金錢(qián)。) / I dont have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.(我用不著趕忙,因?yàn)槲矣谐渥愕臅r(shí)間。) / I have a number of letters to write today.(今天我有好多信要寫(xiě)) / I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.(在購(gòu)物方面我花費(fèi)了大量的時(shí)間/金錢(qián)。)(13)none、no one、nobody的區(qū)別：no one和nobody都表示“沒(méi)有人”,僅指人,后面不跟of 短語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式；none表示“沒(méi)有一個(gè)人/物”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：No one knows how he ma