Unit4關(guān)系代名詞

1、Unit 4 關(guān)系代名詞關(guān)系代名詞=連接詞+代名詞I have a friend. The friend lives in Paris.我有位朋友，這個(gè)朋友住在巴黎。I have a friend and he lives in Paris .用 and 連接I have a friend who lives in Paris. Who 不是誰的意思，是關(guān)系代名詞。住在巴黎的朋友 a friend who lives in Paris, who lives in Paris補(bǔ)充說明 a friend. 這是形容詞子句。*語順為先行詞+關(guān)系代名詞但也提有下例句子例如：1. There was a

2、n old man in the apartment who was very rich.也可以這樣說 There was an old rich man in the apartme nt.2. I met two girls, one of whom is my cousin.One of them is my cousin,單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)時(shí)對的。女口果前面有 I met two girls, one of whom is my cousin. 用 whom 是對的。這句話也可以是： I met two girls and one of them is my cousin.( 介詞后面用受格，w

3、ho 是主格，whom 才是受格)關(guān)系代名詞的種類先行詞f主格+V所有格+N受格 +S+V+介詞）人whowhoseWhom / who事，物，動(dòng)物whichwhosewhich人，事物，動(dòng)物thatwhosethat*格的用法(1) 主格+動(dòng)詞：the man who talked to me.該男子和我說話who 主詞 talked 動(dòng)詞(2) 所有格+名詞：the man whose car was stolen.該男子的車被偷了(3) 受格+主詞+動(dòng)詞：the man who(m) I met.我所會(huì)見的人主格的關(guān)系代名詞(1) .主格 who先行詞為人+主格關(guān)系代名詞Who +動(dòng)詞*

4、先行詞緊跟代名詞*關(guān)系代名詞引導(dǎo)的是形容詞子句，就是把名詞補(bǔ)充說明的更加清楚例如1. The man is my father.The man wears sun glasses.(合并一起 the man 重復(fù)要去掉用關(guān)系代名詞來替換)The man who wears sun glasses is my father. (合并句)句中：who wears sun glasses 是形容詞子句用來修飾名詞man.*Who 這里是子句中的主詞，也是關(guān)系代名詞。不可以省略例如2. I don t likeeople.They get out of temper easily.I don t li

5、ke peopwho get out of temper easily.(2) .主格 Which先行詞為事物；動(dòng)物+主格關(guān)代Which +動(dòng)詞例：1. I live in the house.The house sta nds on the hill.I live in the house which sta nds on the hill.2. En glish is a Ian guage.It is spoke n all over the world.Unit 4 關(guān)系代名詞En glish is a lan guage which is spoken all over the wo

6、rldJapa nese is a Ian guagewhich is spoke n in Japa n.主格 That先行詞為（人事物動(dòng)物）+主格關(guān)代名詞 that +動(dòng)詞 例 1.幫忙醫(yī)生照顧病人的人稱為護(hù)士。Patient 名詞是病人，動(dòng)詞是有耐心。幫醫(yī)生照顧病人的是形容詞字句。Be Patient.要有耐心。Be a good patient.當(dāng)個(gè)好病人。People （who / that） help doctors and look after patie nts are called nu rses.形容詞子句修飾名詞 People例如 2.我喜歡這大樓幢被吳先生設(shè)計(jì)出來的大樓

7、。（先行詞為事物的時(shí)候主格關(guān)代用 which 和 that 都對）I like the building which / that was designed by Mr.Wu.*主格關(guān)代其后所接的動(dòng)詞須與先行詞一致*例：Tom is one of the boys who are fond of sports. Who 的先行詞是 boys,所以是 are I know a child who is good at surfi ng.Adults don t like childwhno tell lies. *children 是復(fù)數(shù)，所以 tell 不加 s* *that 的不同用法*（1

8、）指示代名詞（那個(gè)的意思）。The weather in Kaohsiung is hotter than that in Taipei.（2）指示形容詞。Look at that dog. *that 不是代名詞，而是指示形容詞在名詞的前面。關(guān)系代名詞。The boy that is playing the guitar is Jimmy. （that 又是主詞又是連接詞）連接詞。I think that honesty is the best policy. （that 沒有課代替的名詞，所以只是連接詞）所有格的關(guān)系代名詞所有格 whose先行詞為（人；事物;動(dòng)物）+所有格關(guān)代whose

9、+名詞例1. I know a girl.Her father is journalist. （her 是所有格）I know a girl whose _ father is a jour nalist.I know a boy whose mother is a En glish teacher.2. Look at the house.Its. roof was damaged.Look at the house whose roof was damaged. （whose roof 是主詞，這個(gè)主詞里面還包含所有格）受格的關(guān)代名詞（1）受格 whom先行詞（人）+受格關(guān)代 whom +

10、主詞 + 動(dòng)詞 + 介詞 * 口語中：受格關(guān)代 whom 也可以用 who 代替*1. The man is a teacher.She married him. （him 是受詞用受格 whom 來替換）The man whom/who she married is a teacher.2. The woman has just left the office.You want to see her.The woma n whom/who you want to see has just left the office.（2）受格 which先行詞為（事物，動(dòng)物）+ 受格關(guān)代 which +

11、 S+ V+介詞1.Here is a magaz ine.I borrowed it from Miss. Wang.Here is a magaz ine which I borrowed from Miss Wang.2.Remember the advice.I gave you the advice .Remember the advice which I gave you.Advice 是不可數(shù)名詞：A piece of advice 一個(gè)忠告;Two pieces of a advice 二個(gè)忠告(3 )受格 that先行詞為(人；事物；動(dòng)物)+受格關(guān)代 that + S+ V

12、+介詞1. The little girl is very cute.My dad is talking to her.The little girl who/ whom / that my dad is talking to is very cute.2. 我們午餐吃的三明治不好吃。三明治(主詞)我們午餐吃的形容詞The sandwiches that we ate for lunch were not delicious.*特別注意的關(guān)系代名詞一 二(1)受格的關(guān)系代名詞可以省略例如：足球是我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)。Which【我最喜歡的】形容詞Soccer is the sport which/t

13、hat I like the best.受詞關(guān)代 which/that 可省略 the best 是 well 副詞的最高級(jí)，副詞的最高級(jí)the 可以省略。(3)介詞+受格關(guān)系代名詞O+S+ V +介詞，后面的介詞可以拿到受格關(guān)代的前面1. The woma n (whom/that) you are speak ing of is our prin cipal.The woman of whom you are speaking is our principal.(把介詞 of 拿至 U 前面來 )把介詞 of 拿到前面來 of 后面的代名詞一定要用受格受格關(guān)代該用什么就用什么，并且of 不

14、可代替，不可省略、介詞后面一定要有受格2. The train which/that I am wait ing for is now half an hour late.which/that 可以省略受格關(guān)代所引導(dǎo)的形容詞字句后面有介系詞的時(shí)候，我們可以把介系詞拿到受格關(guān)代的前面。_把介詞 for 拿到前面來，1.該用什么就用什么，2.不可代替，3.不可省略，介系詞拿到受格關(guān)代的前面，介詞后面一定要有受格，先行詞為人的時(shí)候受格關(guān)代用whom,先行詞為物的時(shí)候先行詞為 which，絕不可用 that 來代替。The train for which I am waiting now half a

15、n hour late. 不能用 that注意介詞放在關(guān)系代名詞前，關(guān)代不可用that ,也不可省略。5. 先行詞有 all ,no, every, any, thing,*中文可以這樣記:全部.，沒有每一.，任一事物.*關(guān)系代名詞只用 that1.先行詞前有最高級(jí)時(shí)只能用 that今天是我們經(jīng)歷過的最寒冷的一天。Today is the coldest day that we have ever experieneed.(經(jīng)歷: 現(xiàn)在完成式 )2.先行詞前有序數(shù)時(shí)只能用 that肯尼是首位沖出教室的男孩。Kenny was the first boy that rushed out of t

16、he classroom. (rush out of 沖出)He stands in front of me.他站在我的前面。*of 的后面如果沒有對象，of 就要省略*He stands in front.他站在前面。3.先行詞為 人與事物或人與動(dòng)物同時(shí)出現(xiàn)*先行詞為人的時(shí)候，主格關(guān)代用who,受格關(guān)代用 whom 但是也可以用 that*二先行詞為人或事物，主格關(guān)代用which，受格關(guān)代還是用 which 但是還可以用 that 來通用*Take a look at the boy and his dog that are coming this way.4.先行詞前有 疑問詞 who,

17、which 用 that.*這是為了避免重復(fù)1. Who that has seen the photo of starving children does not want to help them? *Who是疑問詞 *that _has (aux) seen (p.p.) the photos of starving children does not want to help them?情況不明狀況不名要用單數(shù)。2. Which was the bag (that) you left in the train? 受詞的關(guān)代還可以省略例如：All that students have t

18、o do is to study hard. *to 也可以省略 *=All that students have to do is study hard.*主詞：Student;動(dòng)詞：Have* that 是受格關(guān)代，可以省略=All stude nts have to do is study hard.*All that=what *what stude nts have to do is study hard.*關(guān)系代名詞 what =先行詞+關(guān)代*what 不需要先行詞，因?yàn)閣hat 包括了先行詞2. She has everything that a woman could wish

19、 for.她有所有女人都渴望擁有的東西。6. 先行詞前有 the only; the same; the very （正是） 例如1. He was the only one that trusted me.2. This is the very novel that I ve lookedr. 這正是我一直要找的小說。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)*只用 that 的口訣*1. 最高級(jí)，序數(shù)，人 +物，避免重復(fù)2. All, no, every, any, the （the only, the same. the very）不能用 that 1 .有豆點(diǎn)，后不能用that2.介系詞之后該用誰就用誰不能用that

20、 .（4）限定用法及非限定用法（1）限定用法：對先行詞的內(nèi)容加以限定1. They had two daughters who become actresses. 他們有兩個(gè)成為演員的女兒。句子中沒有提到女兒的總數(shù) *Who/that becomeactresses.（形容詞子句）2. 非限定用法=對先行詞不加限定。*僅有使句子連貫的功能-彳卜述用法They had two daughters, who became actresses.他們有兩位女兒，都當(dāng)了演員。句子中明確地表明只有兩位女兒。比較1.限定：無逗號(hào)，可用 that 代替，受格關(guān)代可省略The old man has a son

21、 （who/that） lives in Taipei.2. 非限定：有逗號(hào)，不可用 that 代替，關(guān)代不可省略The old man has a son, who lives in Taipei.那種情況下關(guān)系代名詞不能用that :1. 介系詞關(guān)代2. 逗號(hào)后面的關(guān)代，不能用 that 該用誰就用誰。例女口 1. I, who am your best friend , certainly will help you. * who am your best friend 是補(bǔ)述用法 *例如 2. My brother, who is a dentist, is studying in t

22、he USA.（5）關(guān)系代名詞的同義表現(xiàn)1. 名詞（先行詞）+主格關(guān)代名詞+ V=名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞例如：There is a notice that says, “No parking ” . *t hat says 寫著什么 .（都要用主動(dòng)）*There is a notice saying,_ “ No parking. ”* 改成名詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞（主動(dòng)） *2. 名詞+主格關(guān)代+ beV +過去分詞=名詞+過去分詞（=被動(dòng)）例女口 :This is acake which was made by Mrs. White.This is a cakemade by Mrs. White.* 該成名詞 + 過去分詞（被動(dòng)） *3. 名詞+ Who + have / has / had=名詞+ with / having例女口 : She is a girl who has blond hair.She is a girl having bl ond hair.She is a girl with bl ond hair.修飾名詞的字，片語，子句。*修飾名詞就是形容詞*（1）放在名詞前的形容詞，分詞2.（一個(gè)字）現(xiàn)在分詞+名詞 住動(dòng)）.例如 a bloom