Chinese Tea Culture.中國茶文化（課堂PPT）

1、Chinese Tea CultureChinese Tea CultureChinese Tea CultureChinese Tea Culture Introduction China, the Hometown of Tea The Importance of Tea in Peoples Daily Life Classification of Tea Tea and Health Tea Custom Tea Ceremonies Gongfu Tea Tea and Chinese Culture Tea Service Master Tea utensilsIntroducti

2、on Tea (茶茶) commonly denotes the drink made from steeping(浸泡） the processed leaves, buds（芽）, or twigs（枝） of the tea bush (Camellia sinensis 茶樹) in water.Only the top 1-2 inches of the mature plant are picked. These buds and leaves are called flushes(嫩芽) . A plant will grow a new flush every seven to

3、 fifteen days during the growing season, and leaves that are slow in development always produce better flavored teas. Of the three major beverages of the world- tea, coffee and cocoa- tea is consumed by the largest number of people in the world. It has a cooling, slightly bitter, astringent flavor （

4、澀味）which many enjoy.Introduction Chinese tea culture refers to the methods of preparation of tea,the equipment used to make tea and the occasions in which tea is consumed in China. The terms chayi Art of Tea 茶藝 and Tea Ceremony have been used, but the term Tea Culture茶文化 includes more than just the

5、ceremony. Also culture is easier to translate into English from the Chinese term art 藝. Tea culture in China differs from that of Europe, Britain or Japan in such things as preparation methods, tasting methods and the occasions for which it is consumed. Even now, in both casual and formal Chinese oc

6、casions, tea is consumed regularly. In addition to being a drink, Chinese tea is used in Traditional Chinese medicine and in Chinese cuisine. China, the Hometown of Tea It is universally acknowledged that China is the original tea-growing area, as well as the first country to grow, produce and drink

7、 tea. The Discovery of TeaThe History of tea in ChinaThe Discovery of Tea According to legend, in 2737 BC, Emperor SHEN NUNG a notably skilled ruler, scientist, scholar and patron守護神 of the arts, ruled Chinas vast empire. His many farsighted edicts法令 included the requirement that all drinking water

8、be boiled as a hygienic precaution. Shen Nung Tasted PlantsThe Discovery of Tea One summer day, while on a state visit to a distant part of his realm, he and the court stopped to rest. Accordingly, servants began boiling water for the royal court to drink. By chance, the wind blew dried leaves from

9、a near by bush, into the boiling water and a brown substance was infused into the liquid. As a gifted herbalist and scientist the Emperor was interested in the newly blended concoction混合物. He examined its properties and after sipping and tasting he declared it to be”MOST REFRESHING!” The History of

10、tea in China It has been used as medicine since the primitive society. It has been found in the record documents of China Zhou Dynasty about 1100BC. According to historical data, China began to grow tea about two thousand years ago during the period of the Warring States (475-221BC). Drinking tea be

11、came a fashion in the Western Jin Dynasty and Tang dynasty. In the Song (960-1279) and Yuan (1271-1368) Dynasties tea appraising became a popular custom Since 1700s, the Chinese tea has largely expended into the world market.The History of tea in China At present more than forty countries in the wor

12、ld grow tea, with Asian countries producing 90% of the worlds total output. All tea trees in other countries have their origin directly or indirectly in China. Map of Chinese Tea Producing Area21 Provinces4 regionsLu Yu, the Sage of Tea陸羽煮茶圖陸羽陸羽（733年804年），字鴻漸；唐朝復(fù)州竟陵竟陵（今湖北湖北天門市）人。一名疾疾，字季疵季疵，號竟陵竟陵子子、桑

13、苧翁桑苧翁、東岡子?xùn)|岡子，又號茶山御史茶山御史。以著世界第一部茶葉茶葉專著茶經(jīng)聞名于世，對中國茶業(yè)和世界茶業(yè)做出了卓越貢獻，被譽為“茶圣”，奉為“茶仙”，祀為“茶神”。新唐書陸羽傳記：“羽嗜茶，著經(jīng)經(jīng)三篇，言茶之原、之法、之具尤備，天下益知飲茶矣?！盠u Yu: Sage of Tea “Tea Jing” 茶經(jīng)（Tea Classics) written by Lu Yu 陸羽 in 760AD was the first book of tea in the world.Tea appraisingTea appraising in Ancient China In the Song an

14、d Yuan Dynasties a popular custom was. Over the long history of drinking tea, a special and simple Chinese tea culture came into being. Drinking tea was not only for quenching thirst or for enjoyment, but also for the promotion of friendship and mutual understanding. Folk customs of drinking tea ref

15、lected the ancient Chinese peoples great interest in tea culture. 斗茶 Tea Fight品茶圖 A tea plant will grow into a tree of up to 16 meters (52 ft) if left undisturbed, but cultivated plants are pruned to waist height for ease of plucking.Wild Tea Trees in Yunnan Province Height: 32.12 mTea MountainsThe

16、importance of Tea Tea in Daily Life “Firewood, rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar and tea are the seven necessities to begin a day.” Cu Cha Dan Fann 粗茶淡飯: coarse tea and tasteless dinner The Importance of TealTea has always been a vital part of Chinas economy. Back in the “Good Old Days” 往昔美好時光of the G

17、reat Wall it was actually used as money! Black Tea was formed into bricks and carried by traders as the caravans 穿越沙漠的）旅行隊ventured west. At that time, a brick of Black Tea was as precious as gold and as important an international currency as the US Dollar is today.Tea in Chinas EconomyTea in Literat

18、urel商人重利輕別離，前月浮梁買茶去。 The merchant cared for money more than for me, one month ago he went away to purchase tea.l酒壯英雄膽，茶引文人思。 Wine can add virginity to heroes while tea can stir up men of letters.Tea in Art秉燭品茶 Tea Classificationl The main varieties of Chinese tea: Green TeaBlack TeaOolong TeaWhite T

19、eaYellow TeaScented TeaTea producing technology 制茶工藝制茶工藝制茶工藝制茶工藝 (1)綠茶：鮮葉殺青揉捻（做形）干燥黃茶：鮮葉殺青揉捻悶黃干燥黑茶：鮮葉殺青揉捻渥堆干燥白茶：萎凋干燥 （新工藝白茶：萎凋輕揉干燥）青茶(烏龍茶):萎凋-做青-炒青-揉捻（做形）干燥紅茶：萎凋揉捻發(fā)酵干燥Tea ClassificationlOther teas: date tea ginseng tea fruit tea eight-treasure tea lotus seed-heart tea Tangerine（柑橘） peel tea Chrysant

20、hemum （菊花）Tea Green tea 綠茶綠茶lCharacteristics The tea made without being fermented. The tea liquid and tea leaves are greenish. lBenefits: It help people reduce their inner heat. It helps with anti-ageing. It prevents computer radiation and bad breath. Green tea 綠茶綠茶lThe most well-known green teas: L

21、ongjing Tea from West Lake of Hangzhou 西湖龍井 Maofeng Tea from Huangshan Mountain 黃山毛峰 Yunwu Tea from Lushan Mountain 廬山云霧 Biluochun Tea from Jiangsu 洞庭碧螺春Longjing Tea 龍井龍井la top-grade green tea from Longjing, West Lake, HangzhoulFour characteristics：green in color 色綠fragrant in smell 香郁sweet in taste

22、 味醇beautiful in appearance形美 Longjing TeaWest LakeBiluochun Tea 碧螺春碧螺春 a top-grade green tea from Dongting 洞庭, Taihu, 太湖，Wu County吳縣, Jiangsu Province Biluo Peak on Mountain Dongting “Terrifying aroma” 嚇煞人香 Emperor Kangxi 康熙 named it biluochun.Biluochun TeaDongtingBlack tea 紅茶紅茶lCharacteristics: The

23、 fermented tea. The most popular tea in the world. The tea liquid and tealeaves are reddish. l Benefits: It facilitates the fostering of yangqi in the human body. It warms the stomach. It helps with digestion. It is a most suitable choice in cold seasons. Black tea 紅茶紅茶lThe most well-known black tea

24、s: Qimen Black Tea 祁門紅茶 Yunan Dianhong Tea 云南滇紅 Sichuan Chuanhong Tea 四川川紅Qimen black tea a top-grade black tea from Qimen 祁門 and Guichi 貴溪 of Anhui Province. In 1915, Qimen black tea was awarded the Gold Medal at Panama International Fair. From then on, it has been popular with people in foreign co

25、untries, especially the upper-class people in Britain.Qimen black tea QimenOolong tea 烏龍茶烏龍茶Characteristics:lblue tea 青茶lThe half-fermented tealan important part of Gongfu tealThe tea leaves are green in the center and red at the edge. Benefits: lIt decomposes fat and helps people lose weight. Oolon

26、g tea 烏龍茶烏龍茶lThe most well-known blue teas: Tieguanyin (Iron Goddess Guanyin) 鐵觀音 Wuyiyan Tea 武夷巖茶 Taiwan Oolong Tea 臺灣烏龍Tieguanyin 鐵觀音鐵觀音 Tieguanyin Tea, translated into English as Iron Goddess Tea, is one of the most famous types of Chinese Tea. It has many different translations and is often call

27、ed Tieguanyin, Ti Kuan Yin, Tikuanyin, Iron Buddha, Iron Goddess Tea, and Iron Goddess of Mercy Tea. Tieguanyin is produced originally in Anxi County(安溪) in Fujian Province Tealeaves: dark green in color, similar to that of iron It is said that Tieguanyin has such a strong aroma that even after addi

28、ng water to the teapot seven times, one can still enjoy the pleasant taste and fragrance. Several legends of Tieguanyin.Tieguanyin 鐵觀音鐵觀音A Legend of Tieguanyin 2-1 During the reign of Emperor Qianlong there in Fujian Provinces Anxi County there was a dilapidated temple that was dedicated to the Budd

29、hist Bodhisattva Guanyin, the Goddess of Mercy. A poor farmer named Wei Yin(魏飲) , on his way to his fields everyday, would pass the temple and noticed its deteriorating state. He felt something needed to be done. The farmer was quite poor and didnt have the means to restore the temple, so instead he

30、 brought a broom and incense to the temple. He thoroughly cleaned the temple and burned the incense in offering to Guanyin. He did this twice a month for many months. A Legend of Tieguanyin 2-2 One night in a dream, the Bodhisattva Guanyin appeared to him and told him of a cave located behind the te

31、mple. Guanyin told him that a treasure was waiting in the cave for him. He was told to take this treasure and share it with others. When he woke up, Old Wei headed straight to the temple and found the cave which he had never noticed before. Growing in the cave was a single tea shoot. He took the sho

32、ot home, planted it, and nurtured it until it grew into a large bush. The tea he made from this bush was fantastic and unlike any tea he had ever tasted. He knew that this tree was indeed a treasure. He gave cuttings of the bush to all of his neighbors and began selling the plant as Tieguanyin, or I

33、ron Goddess of Mercy. The tree of legend still exists and is considered a national treasure. Located near the tree, carved into the cliff is the name of the farmer who, according to legend, found the original tree. Anxi 安溪安溪White tea 白茶白茶lCharacteristics: uncured, non-fermented, non-rubbed, fast-dri

34、ed green tea The tealeaves are silver in color and have fine white hair on them. The tea liquid is yellowish in color and sweet in taste, with natural fragrance.lBenefits: It helps dispel heat within the human body. It also enhances immune function It protects the heart and blood vessels. White tea

35、白茶白茶lIt is mainly produced in Fuding 福鼎，Zhenghe 政和, and Songxi松溪 of Fujian Province. lThe most well-known White tea: “yinzhen baihao” 銀針白毫 (silver needle with fine hair on them) “baimudan” 白牡丹 （White Peony ）yinzhen baihao 銀針白毫銀針白毫Yellow Tea 黃茶黃茶lCharacteristics: The tea is produced by letting damp t

36、ea leaves naturally turn yellow It has an original smell like that of black tea if the tea is cured with other herbs, but its taste is most similar to green and white teas. lBenefits: It refreshes the mind. It helps clear away heat and toxic materials within the human body. Yellow Tea 黃茶黃茶lThe best

37、well-known: Junshan Yinzhen (君山銀針) from Hunan Huoshan Huangya (癨山黃芽) from Mt. Huo, Anhui Meng Ding Huangya (蒙頂黃芽) from Mt. Meng, Sichuan Da Ye Qing （大葉青）from GuangdongJunshan Yinzhen 君山銀針君山銀針Scented tea 花茶花茶lThe tea made by mixing and aromatizing tea leaves with scented flowers lIt is produced mainl

38、y in Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces. Scented tea 花茶花茶lThe most well-known: jasmine tea 茉莉花茶 magnolia tea 玉蘭花茶 lotus flower tea 荷花茶 chrysanthemum tea 菊花茶 rose tea 玫瑰花茶Jasmine tea 茉莉花茶茉莉花茶 the most popular among scented tea made from jasmine flowers. The most well-known jasmine flower t

39、ea is produced in Fujian Province. The Steps of Making Jasmine Tea Pick a lot of jasmine flower buds and put them in a clean place; At midnight when the flowers have the strongest fragrance, add green tea to them for absorption; Get rid of the withered jasmine flowers and get the tealeaves baked; Pu

40、t the baked tealeaves into newly picked jasmine flowers again. This is repeated several times before the tealeaves are ready to be used.Compressed tea 壓制茶壓制茶lThe tea compressed and hardened into a certain shape brick tea 磚茶: in the form of bricks Tuocha 沱茶: in the form of cakes and bowlslgood for tr

41、ansport and storage lmainly supplied to the ethnic minorities living in the border areas of the countrylmainly produced in Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan and Yunnan provincesCompressed tealBrick tea: 磚茶 huazhuan 花磚茶 (flower brick) heizhuan 黑磚茶 (black brick) mizhuan 米磚茶 (rice brick) qingzhuan 青磚茶 (green brick

42、) lTuocha 沱茶 Xiaguan tuocha 下關(guān)沱茶 Puer tuocha 普洱沱茶 Sichuan tuocha 四川沱茶Huazhuan & HeizhuanQingzhuan & MizhuanTuochaTea Custom Popularity Tea health benefits Social functions Some common practices Tea CeremonyTea customslPopularity: Scented tea is popular in northern China; Green tea is preferr

43、ed in eastern China; Black tea is optimum for people in Fujian and Guangdong; Compressed tea is mainly for minorities.Tea and Healthl Tea is a natural and healthy drink. Tea contains a lot of nutrients that help to build up good health.Tea is refreshing and helps you work efficiently.Tea is a thirst

44、 quencher and aids digestion of food.Tea helps to disinfect and alleviate inflammation. Tea helps urinary output and purge toxins.Tea helps fitness and against cardiovascular diseases.Social Functions lAs a sign of respect: The younger generation shows its respect to the older generation by offering

45、 a cup of tea. lTo apologize: People make serious apologies to others by pouring them tea. (a sign of regret and submission)lTo express thanks to your elders on your wedding day: Traditionally, both the bride and groom kneel in front of their parents and serve them tea. Tea Served at Wedding Ceremon

46、ySome common practices One should neither pour tea water till the teacup is full nor empty the teapot or teacups while drinking tea. (Shandong Province) If a guest emptied his/her teacup, the host would think he/she does not want any more tea and therefore wouldnt offer him/her any more tea. Knockin

47、g bent index, middle and ring fingers on the table three times to express gratitude to the person who serves the tea.Tea CeremonyTea Ceremonies The Chinese tea ceremony, also called the Chinese Way of Tea, is a Chinese cultural activity involving the ceremonial preparation and presentation of tea le

48、af. The manner in which it is performed, or the art of its performance is shown in the tea ceremony. Taoism has also been an influence in the development of the tea ceremony. The elements of the Chinese tea ceremony is the harmony of nature and enjoying tea in an informal and formal setting. Tea cer

49、emonies are now being revived in Chinas new fast-paced culture, and continuing in the long tradition of intangible Chinese art .Tea CeremonySteps to Make Tea Heat the pot: Heat the teapot with boiled water to eliminate peculiar smell. Heated pot can help to release the tea scent. Steps to Make TeaSt

50、eps to Make Tea Place the tea: The mouth of the teapot is usually small, so one should first put the tea in a special half-ball vessel and hand it to guests for them to appraise the shape of the tea leaf. Then, put the tea into the pot with a teaspoon. The amount of the tea is about 1/3 of the teapo

51、t. Steps to Make TeaWarm the cup: Warm the cups with boiled water that heats the pot. Steps to Make TeaSteps to Make Tea High pour: One needs to lift up the kettle high to make a good tea. The tealeaves turn over and scatter in the pot after water pouring in from a high level. This is known as high

52、pour, a better way to get out the aroma of the tealeaves. Steps to Make TeaSteps to Make Tea Low pour: After the tea is ready, one can pour it into a handless cup. This time, one should keep the pots mouth as low as possible and close to the cup to minimize escaping of the aroma. This is known as lo

53、w pour. Normally, pour the first-round brewing and the second-round brewing into one cup, one will have a better taste tea. Repeat this when one makes the third and fourth brewing, and the following rounds as well. Steps to Make Tea Distribute the tea: Tea is distributed into cups from the handless

54、cup, with an amount of about 7/10 of the cup. Offer the tea: Offer the tea to guests in teacups together with cup pad. Smell the tea: Before tasting the tea, one should first look at its color and smell its aroma. Taste the tea: The Chinese character 品 (taste) is three 口 (mouth) that are put togethe

55、r, which means one should taste one cup of tea in three sips. Before sipping and tasting the tea, one should smile at the tea brewer for one or two seconds to express appreciation. Gongfu teaGongfu Tea Introduction The vessels for Gongfu tea Drinking ProcessGongfu Tea: IntroductionlIt came into bein

56、g in the Qing Dynasty. lGongfu: time-consuming. choose the appropriate tea set take time to prepare the tea take time to taste and drink the teaWhat does Gonggu( 功夫) mean in Chinese?Gongfu Tea: Four treasures Kettle: yushu wei 玉書煨 Oven: chaoshan lu 潮汕爐 Teapot: mengchen gua 孟臣罐 Cups: Ruochen ou 若琛甌lT

57、he tea vessels are small and exquisite.Gongfu Tea: Drinking Process The teapot and teacups are heated with hot water. Tealeaves are put into the teapot (7/10 of the capacity). Boiling water is poured into the teapot. When pouring boiling water from the kettle into the teapot, one should raise the ke

58、ttle high. When pouring tea from the teapot into the teacups, one should lower the teapot and keep its spout close to the teacups.Gongfu Tea: Drinking Process One should not fill one teacup after another, instead, one should put the teacups in a circle and pour a little tea into the teacups each tim

59、e. Only after two or three rounds of pouring should the teacups be filled with tea. (This is to ensure that each teacup gets an even share of tea and each cup of tea has the same taste.) Even when only a few drops of tea water is left, the person serving tea should not stop serving; he/her should dr

60、ip the tea water into all the teacups in turn to the last drop.Gongfu tea: Drinking Process The person serving the tea should take the teapot handle with his/her thumb and middle finger, push the teapot lid open with his/her forefinger, and make the tea water drip up by means of air pressure. When drinking