2019高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)題Unit1GreatScientists(含解析)新人教版必修

1、Great Scientists李仕才一、閱讀理解 閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C 和 D 四個選項中，選出最佳選項。Breakfast is the most important meal of the day, reports the Daily Mail, claiming that skipping itincreases your chances of a heart attack.The study, published in the peer-reviewed journal Circulation, was carried out by researchers fromt

2、he Harvard School of Public Health, Brigham and WomensHospital and Harvard Medical School. It was funded by the US National Institutes of Health and theCanadian Institutes of Health Research.This study followed 26,902 male American dentists, vets, pharmacists（ 藥劑師 ）, optometrists,osteopaths and podi

3、atrists（ 足療師 ） aged between 45 and 82 years old for 16 years. To be fit for thestudy, the men could not have a history of cancer, coronary heart disease, heart attack or stroke.The population being studied was also extremely limited professional men who were almostwhite. More research in womenand ot

4、her groups is needed for us to learn more about breakfast andheart health.After tracking a large group of middle-aged and older male American health professionals,studying their eating habits and their risk of developing coronary heart disease for 16 years, it found thatmen who reported skipping bre

5、akfast had a 27% higher risk of coronary heart disease than men whoate breakfast.Men who regularly were addicted to a midnight snack were found to have a 55% higher risk ofcoronary heart disease than men who didn t. However, no association was seen between eatingfrequency （number of meals per day） a

6、nd the risk of coronary heart disease. This could suggest thatit is the timing of meals rather than the frequency that has a bigger influence on heart health.But because of the design of this study, a direct cause and effect relationship between breakfastand health cannot be proved. While the resear

7、chers attempted to take certain lifestyle factors intoaccount, it could be the case that people who take time to have a regular breakfast also tend to havehealthier lifestyles.2I.What is the passage mainly discuss ing?A. Heart disease risk is higher in men who skip breakfast.B. Breakfast is the most

8、 important meal of the day.C. Many professi on als took part in the research.D. Some people have a prefere nee for midni ght sn acks.2f you want to be a partieipa nt ._A. you must be an America n den tistB. you should con tact Cireulati onC. you should be over 50 years oldD. you must be free from so

9、me diseases3. A pers on who prefers to have midni ght sn acks ._A. may have a higher risk of coro nary heart diseaseB. may have a habit of skipp ing breakfastC. may have less tha n three meals a dayD. may eat more freque ntly tha n others4. Accord ing to the passage, we can know ._A. a regular break

10、fast will cost a lot of timeB. more research should be done about breakfast and healthC. the researchers must have developed healthy lifestylesD. only a few people focus on healthy lifestyles【文章大意】本文重點說明了早餐的重要性。由美國哈佛公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院等機構(gòu)對26 902名年齡在 45 82 歲之間的美國男性公民的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，經(jīng)常不吃早餐的人突發(fā)心臟病的風(fēng)險 比吃早餐的人高 27%1. A 【解析】考查主旨

11、大意。作者在文中主要講述了一項新的研究結(jié)果，即經(jīng)常不吃早餐的人突發(fā)心臟病的風(fēng)險比吃早餐的人高。故選 A 項。2. D 【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)文章第三段的內(nèi)容可知，要想?yún)⑴c這項研究，參與者要具備以下條件：男性；醫(yī)務(wù)工作者；年齡在 45 82 歲；沒有癌癥、冠心病、心臟病發(fā) 作或中風(fēng)病史。故選 D 項。3. A 【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段第一句可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，經(jīng)常吃夜宵的男性比不吃夜宵的男性患冠心病的風(fēng)險高55%故選 A 項。4. B 【解析】考查推理判斷。依據(jù)文章尾段的because of the design of this study, a3direct cause and

12、 effect relati on ship betwee n breakfast and health cannot beproved可知，由于研究的設(shè)計方案問題，不能證明早餐對健康的直接影響。故選項?！鹃L難句解讀】Thiscouldsuggest thatit ise timnig ofmeals rather thanthe irequencythathas abiggerinflufnceon heart hjEalth-分析:此句為復(fù)合句。該句的賓語從句是調(diào)句， 強調(diào)了從句中的主語部分th= timingofmeals raiherthandw住equaicy;王旬的謂語動詞sugg

13、est在該句中表示說明，暗示蔦因此其后面的賓語從句不用虛擬語氣。 譯文：這可能表明，吃詼的時間而不是吃飯的頻率對心肪僮廉的影響更大柯二、 教材與語法填空根據(jù)教材課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1 個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。John Snow, a well - known doctor in London, became 1.(inspire) when hethought about helping ordinary people who 2._ (expose) to cholera, a 3.(dead) disease of its day. Many thousa nds of pe

14、ople died every time there was an outbreak 4. no one knew the cause ofit. Joh n wan ted to help solve the problem. He got i nterested in two theories 5. (explain) how cholera killed people. Hebelieved in the second theory that suggested that people 6.(absorb) the _disease with their meals. In 1854,

15、7. another outbreak hit London, he was ready to test the two 8. (theory). 9. the help ofthe map he made, he got a valuable clue about the cause of the disease and was able to announce that the water was 10.(blame) 答案：1.i nspired 2.were exposed 3.deadly 4.because5.explaining6.absorbed 7.when 8.theori

16、es 9.With 10. to blame三、 完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的 A、B C 和 D 四個選項中，選出可能填入空白處的 最佳選項。That was a sunny day.My father and I were on the way _1_ myun cles home.People on the street were walkingleisurely and chatting _2_ , while my father was walking in a hurry .I tried my best to _3_ him.But I was still left

17、behind.l could not understand why he _4so fast.Due to the fast speed , I lost my _5ndwascompletely with sweat.Somehow , I began to be angry at him.He always did not think about my_6_.“Why do you walk so fast? Dont you se e me behind you ?” I said _ 7_. “You are always like this.Why mustyou _8_ so lo

18、udly?” he said and his face got redright away.ln fact, I deliberately spoke loudly and made him angry.“ It is your_9_ ! ” I shouted at him immediately. “You always like to _10_ others ! ” he cried11 .4憤怒).Then we _11_ on the street.Whatever hesaid , I quickly answered back.At that time,I was like a

19、wild beast , losing mytemper.Ma ny people stopped to look at us.I was so _12_ that could feel my faceburning , for I saw some people _13me, which made me lose face.I touched my face_14_ glared at him. “ I will never talk to him，” I said to myself angrily._15_could make people forget everythi ng that

20、 your beloved had done foryou.When I went to college , I still hated him.I did not say anything to him,_16_I were not his daughter.Always I pretended to complain that I was too_17_ whenhe called me.However , it was his tears from the worn-out_18_ that made me feelguilty whe n we met.He had give n me

21、 everythi ng he had, but I could not._19_, Irealized that I should not hate him.,they just hope we can be better.A.atB. toC. forDofA.perfectlyB.eagerlyC. anxiouslyD.enjoyablyA.make fun ofB.catch up withC. make way for D.get rid ofA.walkedB.ranC. startedD.trai nedA.temperB.con fide neeC. breathD.bala

22、 neeA.beliefsB.behaviorC. feelingsD.requestsA.calmlyB.freque ntlyC. softlyD.loudlyA.tellB.claimC. readD.speakA.faultB.crueltyC. originD.bus in essA.enjoyB.admireC. blameD.abuseA.foughtB.barga inedout.This made me fall into a rage(Now I begin to phonehim and ask him to take care ofhimself.Although so

23、metimesparents will _20 _ wrong51.2.3.4.5.6.7.&9.10.6C consultedD quarreled12 A.alarmedB afraidC ashamedD amazed13 A.asking forB laughing atC waiting forD aiming at14 A.andB soC butD or15 A.AngerB SenseC CareD Shame16 A.in caseB as ifC unlessD after17 A.wrongB crazyC busyD innocent18 A.armB face

24、C headD body19 A.NaturallyB OccasionallyC ObviouslyD Gradually20 A.doBgiveC findD keep【解題導(dǎo)語】 作者因一件小事和父親在大街上爭吵， 致使自己顏面盡失， 于是下定決心 不再與父親說話。 但隨著歲月的流逝， 作者意識到是憤怒讓自己忘記了自己最愛的人為自己 所做的一切，于是逐漸改變了自己對父親的態(tài)度。1 B 根據(jù)語境可知，作者與父親是在去叔叔家的路上。 on the way to.意為“在去的路上”，符合語境。故選B 項。2D 該句中 while 表示對比， 意為“然而”。此處是說作者和父親走得比較匆忙，而 街

25、上的其他人走得比較悠閑，邊走邊開心地 (enjoyably) 聊著天。故選 D 項。perfectly 意 為“完美地”；eagerly意為“急切地”； anxiously 意為“焦慮地”。3 B 從下文的 I was still left behind 可知，父親走得很快，作者試圖趕上他，但 是仍然被落在了后面。 catch up with 意為“趕上”，符合語境。故選 B 項。 make fun of 意為“取笑”； make way for意為“給讓路”； get rid of 意為“擺脫； 除去”。4A 根據(jù)第二段開頭的 Why do you walk so fast ？可知， 此處指

26、作者不知道為什么 父親走 (walked)得那么快。故選 A 項。5 C 根據(jù)空后的 completely with sweat 可知，由于走得太快，作者氣喘吁吁、汗流浹背。 lose ones breath 意為“喘不過氣來”， 符合語境。 故選 C 項。 temper 意為“脾氣”；7confidence 意為“信心”； balance 意為“平衡”。6 C 根據(jù)上文中的 I began to be angry at him 可知，作者對父親很生氣，認(rèn)為他 根本不考慮作者的感受(feelings)。故選 C 項。belief 意為信念”；behavior 意為行 為；舉止”； reques

27、t 意為“請求；要求”。7D 上文提到作者很生氣， 所以說話的聲音應(yīng)該是很大的。 根據(jù)第 8 空后的 so loudly 也可知答案。故選 D 項。calmly 意為平靜地”；frequently 意為頻繁地”；softly 意為“溫柔地”。8 D 根據(jù)下文的 In fact ，I deliberately spoke loudly and.可知，此處指父親埋怨作者說話聲音大。故選D 項。9A 作者責(zé)怪父親走太快，自己跟不上，因此，此處指作者認(rèn)為這都是父親的過錯(fault) 。故選 A 項。 cruelty 意為“殘忍”； origin 意為“起源”； business 意為“事情； 商業(yè)”

28、。10C 作者在埋怨父親， 而此時父親也非常生氣。 因此，父親在說作者總是責(zé)備 (blame) 別人。故選 C 項。 enjoy 意為“喜歡”； admire 意為“欣賞”； abuse 意為“虐待； 濫用”。11D 根據(jù)下文 Whatever he said ，I quickly answered back.At that time, I waslike a wild beast ，losing my temper. 可知， 作者大發(fā)脾氣， 與父親在大街上吵了起來，所以選 quarreled ，意為“爭吵”。 fight 意為“打架”； bargain 意為“討價還價”； consult 意

29、為“咨詢”。12 C 根據(jù)空后的 I could feel my face burning 可知，和父親吵架引來很多路人駐 足觀看， 作者感覺自己的臉滾燙， 因此可推斷， 作者感到羞愧 (ashamed) 。 alarmed 意為“擔(dān) 憂的；恐慌的”；afraid 意為害怕的”；amazed 意為驚奇的”。13B 由空后的 made me lose face 可知，作者覺得很丟人，因為看到路人在嘲笑她。 laugh at 意為“嘲笑”，符合語境。故選B 項。 ask for 意為“請求；要求”； wait for意為等待”；aim at 意為針對；以. 為目標(biāo)”。14A 句意為：我摸了摸我的臉

30、，怒視著他。 touched 和 glared 是作者先后做的兩個 并列的動作，所以用 and 連接。15A 文中反復(fù)提到 angry ，通過對與父親吵架的描述可知，此處指生氣能讓人忘記 你所愛的人為你做的一切。故選A 項。16 B 設(shè)空后的 I were not his daughter 為虛擬語氣，作者因怒生恨，吵架后不與 父親說話，就好像自己不是父親的女兒似的。 as if 意為“好像”，符合語境。 in case 意 為“以防”；unless 意為除非”；after 意為在.之后”。17C 父親每次打電話時，作者總是抱怨太忙。 busy 意為“忙碌的”，符合語境。故選 C 項。wron

31、g 意為錯誤的”；crazy 意為瘋狂的”；innocent 意為無辜的”。18B 眼淚應(yīng)該是從臉上流下來，所以選 face 。句意為：但是，當(dāng)我們見面時，父親 那飽經(jīng)滄桑的臉上流下的淚水使我感到內(nèi)疚。19.D 根據(jù)空后的 I realizedthat I should not hate him可知，作者越來越理解8父親，認(rèn)識到不應(yīng)該再恨父親， 此處強調(diào)的是一個心理逐漸變化的過程。gradually 意為“慢慢地； 逐漸地， 符合語境。 故選 D 項。 naturally 意為“自然地” occasional ly 意為“偶 然”； obviously意為“明顯地”。20. A 盡管有時候父母

32、會做錯事，但是他們希望我們能更好。此處指可能會做錯事，所以選 A 項。四、教材與話題寫作(I)用本單元所學(xué)知識完成下列句子。1 .居里夫人(Curie)出生在波蘭華沙(Warsaw, Poland),年輕時在巴黎上大學(xué)。在那里她遇 見了她的丈夫。(atte nd)答案： Madame Curie was born in Warsaw, Pola nd. She went to atte ndcollege in Parisas a young lady and there she met her husba nd.2.他們專注于放射性物質(zhì)的研究， 這使他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了鐳(radium)。(be ab

33、sorbed in; lead to)答案： They were absorbed in the research into radioactive matter and this led to the discovery ofradium.3.他們提出了一些有關(guān)放射性的新理論。 (put forward)答案： They put forward some new theories about radioactivity.4.1903 年，他們獲得了諾貝爾獎。(award)答案：In 1903, they were awarded the Nobel Prize.5.居里夫人對科學(xué)發(fā)展做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)