句子成分和五種基本句型

1、練習(xí)練習(xí):翻譯下面的句子并判斷是哪種句型翻譯下面的句子并判斷是哪種句型1. 太陽升起來了。太陽升起來了。(rise)2. 她喜歡看書。她喜歡看書。3. 他的臉紅了。他的臉紅了。(turn red)4. 我給他看我的照片。我給他看我的照片。5. 他們把門漆成綠色。他們把門漆成綠色。(paint)練習(xí)練習(xí):翻譯下面的句子并判斷是哪種句型翻譯下面的句子并判斷是哪種句型1. 太陽從東方升起來了。太陽從東方升起來了。(rise)2. 她喜歡看書。她喜歡看書。3. 他的臉紅了。他的臉紅了。(turn red)4. 我給他看我的照片。我給他看我的照片。5. 他們把門漆成綠色。他們把門漆成綠色。(paint)

2、The sun has risen in the east.She enjoys reading.His face turned red.I showed him my pictures.They painted the door green.組成句子的各個組成部分叫句子成分：1. 主語:是一個句子的主干部分之一,主語表明是“什么人” ， “ 什么事”.通常由名詞,代詞,動詞不定式,動名詞來充當(dāng).1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing footba

3、ll after school is great fun.主謂賓 定狀補(bǔ)表2.謂語:說明主語做什么或怎么樣。通常由動詞動詞充當(dāng).1.they 1.they workwork very hard. very hard.2.Tom 2.Tom feelsfeels much better now. much better now. ( (系動詞系動詞: :表示狀態(tài)表示狀態(tài), ,后面往往接形容詞后面往往接形容詞 is ,am, are is ,am, are seem ,get,turn, sound, smell, look, taseseem ,get,turn, sound, smell, l

4、ook, tase, become), become)情態(tài)動詞和助動詞不能不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語,必須和實(shí)義動詞或系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語.They They can speakcan speak English well. English well.They They are playingare playing over there. over there.動詞常分為實(shí)義動詞,連系動詞,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞.3. 表語：跟在連系動詞后面的詞語或從句,用來說明主語的身份,特征,狀態(tài). My sister is a nurse. The trees turn green. The flower is beau

5、tiful . To see is to believe .The reason why her absence is that he is ill 3.賓語賓語：動作行為的對象，說明主語做什么。一般放在及物動詞或介詞及物動詞或介詞后面.由名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,動詞不定式,動名詞和賓語從句構(gòu)成.1.We study English. 2.I saw him yesterday.3.He wanted to have a pen. 4.She likes playing basketball.5.Our teacher said that he would go there.雙賓語：指人的是間接賓語

6、，指物的是直接賓語。 He gave me two books.4.定語:用來修飾名詞或代詞的詞.形容詞,形容詞性物主代詞,名詞,不定式,介詞短語,不定代詞,從句等. 1、This is a red car. 2、The building is their teaching building. 3、The woman doctor is my wife. 4、I have something to tell you. 5、The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. 6、Every student has an English book. 7、I know t

7、he boy who is playing basketball on the playground.5.狀語:說明動作或狀態(tài)特征修飾用來修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞或整個句子.副詞,介詞短語,動詞不定式,以及 after, when, as soon as , until, if, before等引起的從句.You are quite right.They often draw in the park. We came here in order to learn English.If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.6. 賓補(bǔ)：補(bǔ)充說明賓語。(賓語

8、和賓補(bǔ)之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系）賓語+ 賓補(bǔ)叫復(fù)合賓語，復(fù)合賓語有以下幾種類型： 1 名詞（代詞）+ 不定式 2 名詞（代詞）+ 分 詞 3 名詞（代詞）+ 名 詞 4 名詞 （代詞）+ 形容詞 1 名詞（代詞）+ 不定式John asked me to help him. Let him go home. I saw her come out of the room. 名詞（代詞）+ 分詞 （現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，過去分詞表示被動）I found him standing at the gate .She could feel her heart beating violently.He spok

9、e slowly in order to make himself understood.He spoke loudly in order to make himself heard. 名詞（代詞）+ 名詞（作賓補(bǔ)的表示獨(dú)一無二的職位前不加the.)They appointed her head of the English Department.They made him captain of the ship .名詞（代詞）+ 形容詞 We must keep the room clean. We found her busy. I found the story interesting.

10、英語句子的種類英語句子的種類簡單句簡單句 (simple sentence)并列句并列句 (compound sentence)復(fù)合句復(fù)合句 (complex sentence)A.只包含一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)Mary opened the door.B.兩個主語和一個謂語Steve and his friend are coming to dinner. C.一個主語和兩個謂語Mary opened the door and greeted the guests.簡單句的五種基本句型1 主語+謂語（不及物動詞）（S+Vi型）He came.She dances. 翻譯練習(xí)：翻譯練習(xí)： 1.你應(yīng)當(dāng)努力學(xué)

11、習(xí)。你應(yīng)當(dāng)努力學(xué)習(xí)。 2.她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。 3.那天早上我們談了很多。那天早上我們談了很多。 4.會議將持續(xù)兩個小時。會議將持續(xù)兩個小時。 5.在過去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了在過去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。巨大的變化。 6. 每天八時開始上課。每天八時開始上課。 7. 這個盒子重五公斤。這個盒子重五公斤。 8. 五年前我住在北京。五年前我住在北京。 9. 愛麗絲很會游泳。愛麗絲很會游泳。 10. 他祖父昨晚去世了。他祖父昨晚去世了。 11. 秋天有些鳥飛到南方去。秋天有些鳥飛到南方去。 12. 我的奶奶早晨起得很早。我的奶奶早晨起得很早。 13. 每天下午有許

12、多學(xué)生到圖書館來借書。每天下午有許多學(xué)生到圖書館來借書。 1. You should study hard. 2. She went home very late yesterday evening/last night. 3. That morning we talked a great deal/a lot. 4. The meeting will last two hours. 5. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. 6. Classes begin at eight every d

13、ay. 7. This box weighs five kilos. 8. I lived in Beijing five years ago. (I have lived in Beijing for five years ) 9. Alice swims very well. 10. His grandpa died last week. 11. In autumn, some birds fly to the south. 12. My grandmother gets up early in the morning. 13. Every afternoon a lot of stude

14、nts come to the library to borrow books. 2 主語主語+謂語謂語(及物動詞及物動詞)+賓語賓語(S+Vt+O)I saw her.They like watching TV. 1,昨晚我寫了一封信。昨晚我寫了一封信。 2,今天下午我想同你談?wù)?。今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?3，這本書他讀過多次了。，這本書他讀過多次了。 4，他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。，他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。 5，你們必須在兩周內(nèi)看完這些書。，你們必須在兩周內(nèi)看完這些書。 6，那位先生能流利地說三種語言。，那位先生能流利地說三種語言。 7,我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來的信。我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來的

15、信。 8,Jim 還不會自己穿衣服。還不會自己穿衣服。 9,我們大家都相信我們大家都相信Jack 是一個誠實(shí)男孩。是一個誠實(shí)男孩。 10,他不知道說什麼好。他不知道說什麼好。 11,他每天早晨洗冷水澡。他每天早晨洗冷水澡。 12,我開窗戶你在意嗎？我開窗戶你在意嗎？ 參考答案參考答案： 1.I wrote a letter last night. 2.I want to talk with you this afternoon. 3.He has read this book many times. 4.They have carried out the plan successfully.

16、5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks. 6.That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.7.I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.8.Jim cannot dress himself.9.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.10.He did not know what to say.11.He takes a cold bath every morning

17、.12.Do you mind my opening the window? 3 主語主語+ 謂語謂語+ 間接賓語間接賓語+直接賓語直接賓語(S+Vt+IO+DO) (IO indirect) I gave her a book. She showed her friends all the pictures. 漢譯英練習(xí)漢譯英練習(xí) 雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu) 說明：說明： 由主語主語+及物謂語動詞及物謂語動詞+間接賓語（人）間接賓語（人）+直直接賓語（事物）接賓語（事物）組成。如， He brings me cookies every day. She made me a beautiful dr

18、ess. 但若要先說出直接賓語（事物），后說間接賓語（人），則要借助于介詞to或for,如， He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 用用to側(cè)重指動作的方向，表示朝著，向著，側(cè)重指動作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對著某人。對著某人。 用用for 側(cè)重指動作的受益者，表示為了某人，側(cè)重指動作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。替某人。 常跟雙賓語的動詞有：常跟雙賓語的動詞有： （需借助（需借助to的）的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise

19、, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。等。 （需借助（需借助for 的）的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等。等。4 主語+連系動詞+表語(S+V+P) I am a student. She looks very young. 翻譯練習(xí)：翻譯練習(xí)： 1Johnson 先生去年教我們德語。先生去年教我們德語。 2. 奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個有趣的故事。 3. Mary把錢包交給校長了。把錢

20、包交給校長了。 4. 請把那本字典遞給我好嗎？請把那本字典遞給我好嗎？ 5. 他把車票給列車員看。他把車票給列車員看。 Mr Johnson taught us German last year. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. Would you please pass me the dictionary? He showed the ticket to the conductor. 6. 這個學(xué)期我已經(jīng)給父母寫過三封信了。這個學(xué)期我已經(jīng)給

21、父母寫過三封信了。 7. 我父親已經(jīng)給我買了一輛新自行車。我父親已經(jīng)給我買了一輛新自行車。 8. Robinson Crusoe 給自己做了一只小船。給自己做了一只小船。 9. 請你給我弄一本新的，好嗎？請你給我弄一本新的，好嗎？ 10. 我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？ 11. 新式機(jī)器將會為你節(jié)省許多勞動。新式機(jī)器將會為你節(jié)省許多勞動。 This term I have written three letters to my parents. My father has bought me a new bike. Robinson Crusoe made himself a

22、 boat. Will you please get me a new copy? Shall I call you a taxi? The new machine will save you a lot of labour5 主語+謂語+賓語+賓補(bǔ)(S+Vt+O+OC) I asked Mary to help me.We call our headmaster a wise man.S+VS+V+CS+V+IO+DOS+V+O+CS+V+P主謂結(jié)構(gòu)主謂結(jié)構(gòu) 1.你應(yīng)當(dāng)努力學(xué)習(xí)。 2.她昨天回家很晚。 3.愛麗絲很會游泳。 4.約翰的父親昨晚去世了 You should study hard

23、. She went home very late yesterday evening. Alice swims very well. Johns father died last night. 主系表結(jié)構(gòu)主系表結(jié)構(gòu) 1.冬季白天短，夜晚長。冬季白天短，夜晚長。 2.布朗夫人看起來很健康。布朗夫人看起來很健康。 3.十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。 4. 樹葉已經(jīng)變黃了。樹葉已經(jīng)變黃了。 5. 這個報(bào)告聽起來很有意思。這個報(bào)告聽起來很有意思。 In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. Mrs Bro

24、wn looks very healthy. At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. The leaves have turned yellow. The report sounds interesting. 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu) 昨晚我寫了一封信。 今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?這本書他讀過多次了。 他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。 你們必須在兩周內(nèi)看完這些書。 1.I wrote a letter last night.2.I want to talk with you this afternoon.3.He has read this book many times.4.They have carried out the plan successfully. 5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks.雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu) 1.Johnson 先生去年教我們德語。 2. 奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個有趣的故事。 3. Mary把錢包交給校長了。 4. 請把那本字典遞