句子成分和五種基本句型

1、練習(xí)練習(xí):翻譯下面的句子并判斷是哪種句型翻譯下面的句子并判斷是哪種句型1. 太陽(yáng)升起來(lái)了。太陽(yáng)升起來(lái)了。(rise)2. 她喜歡看書(shū)。她喜歡看書(shū)。3. 他的臉紅了。他的臉紅了。(turn red)4. 我給他看我的照片。我給他看我的照片。5. 他們把門(mén)漆成綠色。他們把門(mén)漆成綠色。(paint)練習(xí)練習(xí):翻譯下面的句子并判斷是哪種句型翻譯下面的句子并判斷是哪種句型1. 太陽(yáng)從東方升起來(lái)了。太陽(yáng)從東方升起來(lái)了。(rise)2. 她喜歡看書(shū)。她喜歡看書(shū)。3. 他的臉紅了。他的臉紅了。(turn red)4. 我給他看我的照片。我給他看我的照片。5. 他們把門(mén)漆成綠色。他們把門(mén)漆成綠色。(paint)

2、The sun has risen in the east.She enjoys reading.His face turned red.I showed him my pictures.They painted the door green.組成句子的各個(gè)組成部分叫句子成分：1. 主語(yǔ):是一個(gè)句子的主干部分之一,主語(yǔ)表明是“什么人” ， “ 什么事”.通常由名詞,代詞,動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞來(lái)充當(dāng).1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing footba

3、ll after school is great fun.主謂賓 定狀補(bǔ)表2.謂語(yǔ):說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么或怎么樣。通常由動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞充當(dāng).1.they 1.they workwork very hard. very hard.2.Tom 2.Tom feelsfeels much better now. much better now. ( (系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞: :表示狀態(tài)表示狀態(tài), ,后面往往接形容詞后面往往接形容詞 is ,am, are is ,am, are seem ,get,turn, sound, smell, look, taseseem ,get,turn, sound, smell, l

4、ook, tase, become), become)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞不能不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ),必須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ).They They can speakcan speak English well. English well.They They are playingare playing over there. over there.動(dòng)詞常分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,連系動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞.3. 表語(yǔ)：跟在連系動(dòng)詞后面的詞語(yǔ)或從句,用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份,特征,狀態(tài). My sister is a nurse. The trees turn green. The flower is beau

5、tiful . To see is to believe .The reason why her absence is that he is ill 3.賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)：動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么。一般放在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后面.由名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞和賓語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成.1.We study English. 2.I saw him yesterday.3.He wanted to have a pen. 4.She likes playing basketball.5.Our teacher said that he would go there.雙賓語(yǔ)：指人的是間接賓語(yǔ)

6、，指物的是直接賓語(yǔ)。 He gave me two books.4.定語(yǔ):用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞的詞.形容詞,形容詞性物主代詞,名詞,不定式,介詞短語(yǔ),不定代詞,從句等. 1、This is a red car. 2、The building is their teaching building. 3、The woman doctor is my wife. 4、I have something to tell you. 5、The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. 6、Every student has an English book. 7、I know t

7、he boy who is playing basketball on the playground.5.狀語(yǔ):說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征修飾用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞,副詞或整個(gè)句子.副詞,介詞短語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞不定式,以及 after, when, as soon as , until, if, before等引起的從句.You are quite right.They often draw in the park. We came here in order to learn English.If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.6. 賓補(bǔ)：補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)。(賓語(yǔ)

8、和賓補(bǔ)之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系）賓語(yǔ)+ 賓補(bǔ)叫復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)有以下幾種類(lèi)型： 1 名詞（代詞）+ 不定式 2 名詞（代詞）+ 分 詞 3 名詞（代詞）+ 名 詞 4 名詞 （代詞）+ 形容詞 1 名詞（代詞）+ 不定式John asked me to help him. Let him go home. I saw her come out of the room. 名詞（代詞）+ 分詞 （現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)）I found him standing at the gate .She could feel her heart beating violently.He spok

9、e slowly in order to make himself understood.He spoke loudly in order to make himself heard. 名詞（代詞）+ 名詞（作賓補(bǔ)的表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的職位前不加the.)They appointed her head of the English Department.They made him captain of the ship .名詞（代詞）+ 形容詞 We must keep the room clean. We found her busy. I found the story interesting.

10、英語(yǔ)句子的種類(lèi)英語(yǔ)句子的種類(lèi)簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 (simple sentence)并列句并列句 (compound sentence)復(fù)合句復(fù)合句 (complex sentence)A.只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)Mary opened the door.B.兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)Steve and his friend are coming to dinner. C.一個(gè)主語(yǔ)和兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)Mary opened the door and greeted the guests.簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型1 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（不及物動(dòng)詞）（S+Vi型）He came.She dances. 翻譯練習(xí)：翻譯練習(xí)： 1.你應(yīng)當(dāng)努力學(xué)

11、習(xí)。你應(yīng)當(dāng)努力學(xué)習(xí)。 2.她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。 3.那天早上我們談了很多。那天早上我們談了很多。 4.會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。 5.在過(guò)去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了在過(guò)去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。巨大的變化。 6. 每天八時(shí)開(kāi)始上課。每天八時(shí)開(kāi)始上課。 7. 這個(gè)盒子重五公斤。這個(gè)盒子重五公斤。 8. 五年前我住在北京。五年前我住在北京。 9. 愛(ài)麗絲很會(huì)游泳。愛(ài)麗絲很會(huì)游泳。 10. 他祖父昨晚去世了。他祖父昨晚去世了。 11. 秋天有些鳥(niǎo)飛到南方去。秋天有些鳥(niǎo)飛到南方去。 12. 我的奶奶早晨起得很早。我的奶奶早晨起得很早。 13. 每天下午有許

12、多學(xué)生到圖書(shū)館來(lái)借書(shū)。每天下午有許多學(xué)生到圖書(shū)館來(lái)借書(shū)。 1. You should study hard. 2. She went home very late yesterday evening/last night. 3. That morning we talked a great deal/a lot. 4. The meeting will last two hours. 5. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. 6. Classes begin at eight every d

13、ay. 7. This box weighs five kilos. 8. I lived in Beijing five years ago. (I have lived in Beijing for five years ) 9. Alice swims very well. 10. His grandpa died last week. 11. In autumn, some birds fly to the south. 12. My grandmother gets up early in the morning. 13. Every afternoon a lot of stude

14、nts come to the library to borrow books. 2 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞)+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(S+Vt+O)I saw her.They like watching TV. 1,昨晚我寫(xiě)了一封信。昨晚我寫(xiě)了一封信。 2,今天下午我想同你談?wù)?。今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?3，這本書(shū)他讀過(guò)多次了。，這本書(shū)他讀過(guò)多次了。 4，他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。，他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。 5，你們必須在兩周內(nèi)看完這些書(shū)。，你們必須在兩周內(nèi)看完這些書(shū)。 6，那位先生能流利地說(shuō)三種語(yǔ)言。，那位先生能流利地說(shuō)三種語(yǔ)言。 7,我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來(lái)的信。我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來(lái)的

15、信。 8,Jim 還不會(huì)自己穿衣服。還不會(huì)自己穿衣服。 9,我們大家都相信我們大家都相信Jack 是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)男孩。是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)男孩。 10,他不知道說(shuō)什麼好。他不知道說(shuō)什麼好。 11,他每天早晨洗冷水澡。他每天早晨洗冷水澡。 12,我開(kāi)窗戶(hù)你在意嗎？我開(kāi)窗戶(hù)你在意嗎？ 參考答案參考答案： 1.I wrote a letter last night. 2.I want to talk with you this afternoon. 3.He has read this book many times. 4.They have carried out the plan successfully.

16、5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks. 6.That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.7.I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.8.Jim cannot dress himself.9.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.10.He did not know what to say.11.He takes a cold bath every morning

17、.12.Do you mind my opening the window? 3 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ 謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)+ 間接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)(S+Vt+IO+DO) (IO indirect) I gave her a book. She showed her friends all the pictures. 漢譯英練習(xí)漢譯英練習(xí) 雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) 說(shuō)明：說(shuō)明： 由主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+及物謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及物謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)（人）間接賓語(yǔ)（人）+直直接賓語(yǔ)（事物）接賓語(yǔ)（事物）組成。如， He brings me cookies every day. She made me a beautiful dr

18、ess. 但若要先說(shuō)出直接賓語(yǔ)（事物），后說(shuō)間接賓語(yǔ)（人），則要借助于介詞to或for,如， He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 用用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示朝著，向著，側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對(duì)著某人。對(duì)著某人。 用用for 側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者，表示為了某人，側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。替某人。 常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有： （需借助（需借助to的）的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise

19、, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。等。 （需借助（需借助for 的）的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等。等。4 主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)(S+V+P) I am a student. She looks very young. 翻譯練習(xí)：翻譯練習(xí)： 1Johnson 先生去年教我們德語(yǔ)。先生去年教我們德語(yǔ)。 2. 奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。 3. Mary把錢(qián)包交給校長(zhǎng)了。把錢(qián)

20、包交給校長(zhǎng)了。 4. 請(qǐng)把那本字典遞給我好嗎？請(qǐng)把那本字典遞給我好嗎？ 5. 他把車(chē)票給列車(chē)員看。他把車(chē)票給列車(chē)員看。 Mr Johnson taught us German last year. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. Would you please pass me the dictionary? He showed the ticket to the conductor. 6. 這個(gè)學(xué)期我已經(jīng)給父母寫(xiě)過(guò)三封信了。這個(gè)學(xué)期我已經(jīng)給

21、父母寫(xiě)過(guò)三封信了。 7. 我父親已經(jīng)給我買(mǎi)了一輛新自行車(chē)。我父親已經(jīng)給我買(mǎi)了一輛新自行車(chē)。 8. Robinson Crusoe 給自己做了一只小船。給自己做了一只小船。 9. 請(qǐng)你給我弄一本新的，好嗎？請(qǐng)你給我弄一本新的，好嗎？ 10. 我替你叫輛出租汽車(chē)好嗎？我替你叫輛出租汽車(chē)好嗎？ 11. 新式機(jī)器將會(huì)為你節(jié)省許多勞動(dòng)。新式機(jī)器將會(huì)為你節(jié)省許多勞動(dòng)。 This term I have written three letters to my parents. My father has bought me a new bike. Robinson Crusoe made himself a

22、 boat. Will you please get me a new copy? Shall I call you a taxi? The new machine will save you a lot of labour5 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)(S+Vt+O+OC) I asked Mary to help me.We call our headmaster a wise man.S+VS+V+CS+V+IO+DOS+V+O+CS+V+P主謂結(jié)構(gòu)主謂結(jié)構(gòu) 1.你應(yīng)當(dāng)努力學(xué)習(xí)。 2.她昨天回家很晚。 3.愛(ài)麗絲很會(huì)游泳。 4.約翰的父親昨晚去世了 You should study hard

23、. She went home very late yesterday evening. Alice swims very well. Johns father died last night. 主系表結(jié)構(gòu)主系表結(jié)構(gòu) 1.冬季白天短，夜晚長(zhǎng)。冬季白天短，夜晚長(zhǎng)。 2.布朗夫人看起來(lái)很健康。布朗夫人看起來(lái)很健康。 3.十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。 4. 樹(shù)葉已經(jīng)變黃了。樹(shù)葉已經(jīng)變黃了。 5. 這個(gè)報(bào)告聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有意思。這個(gè)報(bào)告聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有意思。 In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. Mrs Bro

24、wn looks very healthy. At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. The leaves have turned yellow. The report sounds interesting. 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu) 昨晚我寫(xiě)了一封信。 今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?這本書(shū)他讀過(guò)多次了。 他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。 你們必須在兩周內(nèi)看完這些書(shū)。 1.I wrote a letter last night.2.I want to talk with you this afternoon.3.He has read this book many times.4.They have carried out the plan successfully. 5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks.雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) 1.Johnson 先生去年教我們德語(yǔ)。 2. 奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。 3. Mary把錢(qián)包交給校長(zhǎng)了。 4. 請(qǐng)把那本字典遞