常用分析化學(xué)詞匯

1、常用分析化學(xué)詞匯玻璃漏斗 Glass funnel long stem試管 test tube test tube brush test tube holder test tube rack蒸發(fā)皿 evaporating dish small燒杯 beaker錐形瓶 Erlenmeyer量筒 grad cylinder洗瓶 plastic wash bottle勺皿 casserole ,small stoppered flask分液漏斗 separalory funnelwarter bath/oil bathstrring barmagnetic stirrer冷凝器 condenserB

2、allast bottle圓頸燒瓶 Round-bottom flask試劑瓶 reagent bottles托盤天平 platform balance 臺秤0.1g 托盤pan 指針刻度表pointer and scalecrossbeams and sliding weights 游碼分析天平 two-pan/single-pan analytical balance滴定管 burette glass bead(basic) nozzle移液管 pipette 胖肚 elongated glass bulb洗耳球 rubber suction bulb玻棒 glass rod玻璃活塞 st

3、opcock容量瓶 pyknowmeter flasks比重瓶 (one-mark)volumetric flasks胖肚吸管 one-mark pipette刻度吸管 graduated pipettes錐形瓶(conical flask) 250ml×4 藥匙(medicine spoon)×1(Erlenmeyer flask) 100 ml×3 滴管(drip tube;dropper)×2燒杯(beaker) 500 ml×1 玻棒(Glass stic)×2250 ml×3 木試管夾(test tube clam

4、p;test tube holder)×1100 ml×3 胖肚吸管(straws) 25 ml×150 ml×2 10 ml×1容量瓶(volumetric flask) 100 ml×2 乳缽(morta)×150 ml×4 洗耳球(ear washing bulb)碘量瓶 (Iodine numoe flask; iodine flask) 500 ml×3試劑瓶 (reagent bottle) （無色）×2（棕色）×2 配洗液：量筒（cylinder） 100 ml×

5、;1 K2Cr2O72g+5ml水65mlH2SO4(graduated cylinder)10ml×1 邊加邊攪拌(stir)。鐵支架(siderocradle)+蝴蝶架白瓷板(White Porcelain Board ) （一）清點(diǎn)儀器(to count;to make an inventory)酸式滴定管(Acid burette) 25 ml×1 配洗液 (Lotion)堿式滴定管(Alkali burette)25 ml×1 一般儀器的洗滌直型冷凝器(rectocondensor)×1 容量瓶(volumetric flask)漏斗架 (fu

6、nnel stand) ×2 移液管(pipe)水浴鍋(water bath kettle) ×1溫度計(jì)(Thermometer;hygrometer;hydroscope) ×1電爐(electric furnace;electric hot plate;electric stove) 四人一個分析化學(xué)：analytical chemistry定性分析：qualitative analysis定量分析：quantitative analysis物理分析：physical analysis物理化學(xué)分析：physico-chemical analysis儀器分析法：

7、instrumental analysis流動注射分析法：flow injection analysis；FIA順序注射分析法：sequentical injection analysis;SIA化學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)：chemometrics絕對誤差：absolute error相對誤差：relative error系統(tǒng)誤差：systematic error可定誤差：determinate error隨機(jī)誤差：accidental error不可定誤差：indeterminate error準(zhǔn)確度：accuracy精確度：precision偏差：debiation，d平均偏差：average debia

8、tion相對平均偏差：relative average debiation標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差）：standerd deviation;S相對平均偏差：relatibe standard deviation;RSD變異系數(shù)：coefficient of variation誤差傳遞：propagation of error有效數(shù)字：significant figure置信水平：confidence level顯著性水平：level of significance合并標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差（組合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差）：pooled standard debiation舍棄商：rejection quotient ;Q滴定分析法：

9、titrametric analysis滴定：titration容量分析法:volumetric analysis化學(xué)計(jì)量點(diǎn)：stoichiometric point等當(dāng)點(diǎn)：equivalent point電荷平衡：charge balance電荷平衡式：charge balance equation質(zhì)量平衡：mass balance物料平衡：material balance質(zhì)量平衡式：mass balance equation酸堿滴定法：acid-base titrations質(zhì)子自遞反應(yīng)：autoprotolysis reaction質(zhì)子自遞常數(shù)：autoprotolysis consta

10、nt質(zhì)子條件式:proton balance equation酸堿指示劑：acid-base indicator指示劑常數(shù)：indicator constant變色范圍：colour change interval混合指示劑：mixed indicator雙指示劑滴定法：double indicator titration非水滴定法：nonaqueous titrations質(zhì)子溶劑：protonic solvent酸性溶劑：acid solvent堿性溶劑：basic solvent兩性溶劑:amphototeric solvent無質(zhì)子溶劑：aprotic solvent均化效應(yīng)：diff

11、erentiating effect區(qū)分性溶劑：differentiating solvent離子化：ionization離解：dissociation結(jié)晶紫：crystal violet萘酚苯甲醇: -naphthalphenol benzyl alcohol奎哪啶紅：quinadinered百里酚藍(lán)：thymol blue偶氮紫：azo violet溴酚藍(lán)：bromophenol blue配位滴定法：compleximetry乙二胺四乙酸：ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid,EDTA螯合物：chelate compound金屬指示劑：metal lochrom

12、e indcator氧化還原滴定法：oxidation-reduction titration碘量法：iodimetry溴量法：bromimetry 溴量法：bromine method鈰量法：cerimetry高錳酸鉀法：potassium permanganate method條件電位：conditional potential溴酸鉀法：potassium bromate method硫酸鈰法：cerium sulphate method偏高碘酸：metaperiodic acid高碘酸鹽：periodate亞硝酸鈉法：sodium nitrite method重氮化反應(yīng)：diazotiz

13、ation reaction重氮化滴定法：diazotization titration亞硝基化反應(yīng)：nitrozation reaction亞硝基化滴定法：nitrozation titration外指示劑：external indicator外指示劑：outside indicator重鉻酸鉀法：potassium dichromate method沉淀滴定法：precipitation titration容量滴定法：volumetric precipitation method銀量法：argentometric method重量分析法：gravimetric analysis揮發(fā)法：vo

14、latilization method引濕水（濕存水）：water of hydroscopicity包埋(藏)水：occluded water吸入水：water of imbibition結(jié)晶水：water of crystallization組成水：water of composition液-液萃取法：liquid-liquid extration溶劑萃取法：solvent extration反萃?。篶ounter extraction分配系數(shù)：partition coefficient分配比：distribution ratio離子對（離子締合物）：ion pair沉淀形式：precip

15、itation forms稱量形式：weighing forms物理分析：physical analysis物理化學(xué)分析：physicochemical analysis儀器分析：instrumental analysis電化學(xué)分析：electrochemical analysis電解法：electrolytic analysis method電重量法：electtogravimetry庫侖法：coulometry庫侖滴定法：coulometric titration電導(dǎo)法：conductometry電導(dǎo)分析法：conductometric analysis電導(dǎo)滴定法：conductometr

16、ic titration電位法：potentiometry直接電位法：dirext potentiometry電位滴定法：potentiometric titration伏安法：voltammetry極譜法：polarography溶出法：stripping method電流滴定法：amperometric titration化學(xué)雙電層：chemical double layer相界電位：phase boundary potential金屬電極電位：electrode potential化學(xué)電池：chemical cell液接界面：liquid junction boundary原電池：gal

17、vanic cell電解池：electrolytic cell負(fù)極：cathrode正極：anode電池電動勢：eletromotive force指示電極：indicator electrode參比電極：reference electroade標(biāo)準(zhǔn)氫電極：standard hydrogen electrode一級參比電極：primary reference electrode飽和甘汞電極：standard calomel electrode銀氯化銀電極：silver silver-chloride electrode液接界面：liquid junction boundary不對稱電位：asy

18、mmetry potential表觀PH值：apparent PH復(fù)合PH電極：combination PH electrode離子選擇電極：ion selective electrode敏感器：sensor晶體電極:crystalline electrodes均相膜電極：homogeneous membrance electrodes非均相膜電極：heterog eneous membrance electrodes非晶體電極：non- crystalline electrodes剛性基質(zhì)電極：rigid matrix electrode流流體載動電極：electrode with a mo

19、bile carrier氣敏電極：gas sensing electrodes酶電極：enzyme electrodes金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體場效應(yīng)晶體管：MOSFET離子選擇場效應(yīng)管：ISFET總離子強(qiáng)度調(diào)節(jié)緩沖劑：total ion strength adjustment buffer,TISAB永停滴定法：dead-stop titration雙電流滴定法（雙安培滴定法）：double amperometric titration普朗克常數(shù)：Plank constant電磁波譜：electromagnetic spectrum光譜：spectrum光譜分析法：spectroscopic ana

20、lysis原子發(fā)射光譜法：atomic emission spectroscopy質(zhì)量譜：mass spectrum質(zhì)譜法：mass spectroscopy,MS紫外可見分光光度法：ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry;UV-vis肩峰：shoulder peak末端吸收：end absorbtion生色團(tuán)：chromophore助色團(tuán)：auxochrome紅移：red shift長移：bathochromic shift短移：hypsochromic shift藍(lán)（紫）移：blue shift增色效應(yīng)（濃色效應(yīng)）：hyperchromic ef

21、fect減色效應(yīng)（淡色效應(yīng)）：hypochromic effect強(qiáng)帶：strong band弱帶：weak band吸收帶：absorption band透光率：transmitance,T吸光度：absorbance譜帶寬度：band width雜散光：stray light噪聲：noise暗噪聲：dark noise散粒噪聲：signal shot noise閃耀光柵：blazed grating全息光柵：holographic graaing光二極管陣列檢測器：photodiode array detector偏最小二乘法：partial least squares method ,P

22、LS褶合光譜法：convolution spectrometry褶合變換：convolution transform,CT離散小波變換：wavelet transform,WT多尺度細(xì)化分析：multiscale analysis供電子取代基：electron donating group吸電子取代基：electron with-drawing group熒光：fluorescence熒光分析法：fluorometryX-射線熒光分析法：X-ray fulorometry原子熒光分析法：atomic fluorometry分子熒光分析法：molecular fluorometry振動弛豫：vi

23、brational relexation內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)換：internal conversion外轉(zhuǎn)換：external conversion體系間跨越：intersystem crossing激發(fā)光譜：excitation spectrum熒光光譜：fluorescence spectrum斯托克斯位移：Stokes shift熒光壽命：fluorescence life time熒光效率：fluorescence efficiency熒光量子產(chǎn)率：fluorescence quantum yield熒光熄滅法：fluorescence quemching method散射光：scattering l

24、ight瑞利光：Reyleith scanttering light拉曼光：Raman scattering light紅外線：infrared ray,IR中紅外吸收光譜：mid-infrared absorption spectrum,Mid-IR遠(yuǎn)紅外光譜：Far-IR微波譜：microwave spectrum,MV紅外吸收光譜法：infrared spectroscopy紅外分光光度法：infrared spectrophotometry振動形式：mode of vibration伸縮振動：stretching vibration對稱伸縮振動：symmetrical stretchi

25、ng vibration不對稱伸縮振動：asymmetrical stretching vibration彎曲振動：bending vibration變形振動：formation vibration面內(nèi)彎曲振動:in-plane bending vibration,剪式振動：scissoring vibration,面內(nèi)搖擺振動：rocking vibration,核磁共振：nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR核磁共振波譜：NMR spectrum核磁共振波譜法：NMR spectroscopy掃場：swept field掃頻：seept frequency連續(xù)波核磁共

26、振：continuous wave NMR,CW NMRFourier變換NMR：PFT-NMR,FT-NMR二維核磁共振譜：2D-NMR質(zhì)子核磁共振譜：proton magnetic resonance spectrum,PMR氫譜：1H-NMR碳13核磁共振譜：13C-NMR spectrum,13CNMR自旋角動量：spin angular momentum磁旋比：magnetogyric ratio磁量子數(shù)：magnetic quantum number,m進(jìn)動：precession弛豫歷程：relaxation mechanism局部抗磁屏蔽：local diamagnetic sh

27、ielding屏蔽常數(shù)：shielding constant化學(xué)位移：chemical shift國際純粹與應(yīng)用化學(xué)協(xié)會：IUPAC磁各向異性：magnetic anisotropy遠(yuǎn)程屏蔽效應(yīng)：long range shielding effect結(jié)面：nodal plane自旋自旋偶合：spin-spin coupling自旋自旋分裂：spin=spin splitting單峰：singlet,s雙峰：doublet,d三重峰：triplet,t四重峰：quartet五重峰：quintet六重峰：*tet偕偶：geminal coupling鄰偶：vicinal coupling遠(yuǎn)程偶合：

28、long range coupling磁等價(jià)：magnetic eqivalence自旋系統(tǒng)：spin system一級光譜：first order spectrum二級光譜（二級圖譜）：second order spectrumC-H光譜：C-H correlated spectroscopy,C-H COSY質(zhì)譜分析法：mass spectrometry質(zhì)譜：mass spectrum,MS棒圖：bar graph選擇離子檢測：selected ion monitoring ,SIM直接進(jìn)樣：direct probe inlet ,DPI接口：interface氣相色譜質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用：gas c

29、hromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS高效液相色譜質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用：high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,HPLC-MS電子轟擊離子源：electron impact source,EI離子峰：quasi-molecular ions化學(xué)離子源：chemical ionization source,CI場電離：field ionization,FI場解析：field desorptiion,FD快速原子轟擊離子源：fast stom bombardment ,FAB質(zhì)量分析器：mass an

30、alyzer磁質(zhì)譜儀：magnetic-sector mass spectrometer四極桿質(zhì)譜儀（四極質(zhì)譜儀）：quadrupole mass spectrometer原子質(zhì)量單位:amu離子豐度：ion abundance相對豐度(相對強(qiáng)度)：relative avundance基峰：base peak質(zhì)量范圍：mass range分辨率：resolution靈敏度：sensitivity信噪比：S/N分子離子：molecular ion碎片離子：fragment ion同位素離子：isotopic ion亞穩(wěn)離子：metastable ion亞穩(wěn)峰：metastable peak母離子

31、：paren ion子離子：daughter含奇數(shù)個電子的離子：odd electron含偶數(shù)個電子的離子：even eletron,EE均裂：homolytic cleavage異裂（非均裂）：heterolytic cleavage半均裂：hemi-homolysis cleavage重排：rearragement分子量：MW裂解：-cleavage固定相：stationary phase化學(xué)鍵合相：chemically bonde phase封尾、封頂、遮蓋：end capping手性固定相：chiral stationary phase,CSP恒組成溶劑洗脫：isocraic elut

32、ion梯度洗脫：gradient elution紫外檢測器：ultraviolet detector,UVD熒光檢測器：fluorophotomeric detector,FD電化學(xué)檢測器：ECD示差折光檢測器：RID光電二極管檢測器：photodiode array detector ,DAD三維光譜波譜圖：3D-spectrochromatogram蒸發(fā)光散射檢測器：evaporative light scattering detector,ELSD釋藥系統(tǒng)（drug delivery system，DDS）中國藥典（Chinese Pharmacopoeia,ChP）美國藥典（The U

33、nited States Pharmacopoeia,USP）美國國家處方集（The National Formulary,NF）英國藥典（British Pharmacopoeia,BP）歐洲藥典（European Pharmacopoeia,Ph.Eup）國際藥典（The International Pharmacopoeia,Ph.Int）良好藥品實(shí)驗(yàn)研究規(guī)范（Good Laboratory Practice,GLP）良好藥品生產(chǎn)規(guī)范(Good Manufacture Practice,GMP)良好藥品供應(yīng)規(guī)范(Good Supply Practice,GSP)良好藥品臨床試驗(yàn)規(guī)范(Go

34、od Clinical Practice,GCP)分析質(zhì)量管理(Analytical Quality Control,AQC)邊緣效應(yīng) edge effect斑點(diǎn)定位法 localization of spot放射自顯影法 autoradiography原位定量 in situ quantitation生物自顯影法 bioautography歸一法 normalization method內(nèi)標(biāo)法 internal standard method外標(biāo)法 external standard method疊加法 addition method普適校準(zhǔn)(曲線、函數(shù)) calibration funct

35、ion or curve function譜帶擴(kuò)展(加寬) band broadening(分離作用的)校準(zhǔn)函數(shù)或校準(zhǔn)曲線 universal calibration function or curve of separation加寬校正 broadening correction加寬校正因子 broadening correction factor溶劑強(qiáng)度參數(shù) 0，solvent strength parameter洗脫序列 eluotropic series洗脫(淋洗) elution等度洗脫 gradient elution梯度洗脫 gradient elution(再)循環(huán)洗脫 rec

36、ycling elution線性溶劑強(qiáng)度洗脫 linear solvent strength gradient程序溶劑 programmed solvent程序壓力 programmed pressure程序流速 programmed flow展開 development上行展開 ascending development下行展開 descending development雙向展開 two dimensional development環(huán)形展開 circular development離心展開 centrifugal development向心展開 centripetal developme

37、nt徑向展開 radial development多次展開 multiple development分步展開 stepwise development連續(xù)展開 continuous development梯度展開 gradient development勻漿填充 slurry packing停流進(jìn)樣 stop-flow injection閥進(jìn)樣 valve injection柱上富集 on-column enrichment流出液 eluate柱上檢測 on-column detection柱壽命 column life柱流失 column bleeding顯譜 visualization活化

38、 activation反沖 back flushing脫氣 degassing溝流 channeling過載 overloadingabatement 1:減少 2：消除；ablution 1:清洗 2：洗凈液；abnormal distribution 1:非正態(tài)分布；above-critical 臨界以上的；above proof 超過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；abrasive 1：磨料，研磨機(jī)；abrupt change ！：陡變 2：（滴定）突躍；absolute calibration curve method 絕對校準(zhǔn)曲線法；absolution configuration 絕對構(gòu)型；absolute

39、 deviation 絕對偏差；absolute error 絕對誤差；absolute ethyl alcohol 無水乙醇；absolute humidity 絕對濕度；absolute manometer 絕對壓力計(jì)；absolute isotopic abundance measurement 絕對同位素豐度測量；absolute precision 絕對精密度；absolute sensitivity 絕對靈敏度；absolute mobility 絕對淌度；absolute retention time 絕對保留時(shí)間；absolute refractive index 絕對折射率；absolute stability constan