情態(tài)動詞表推測的講解及練習(xí)題

1、鍵入文字九年級英語表推測語氣的講解與練習(xí)表推測時，英語中只使用 must,may,might,may no和 cant。這五個表達(dá)的語氣依次遞減：must: 一定（語氣肯定）may :也許（不很肯定）might:或許（比 may 語氣更弱）may not:也許不（表否定）cant: 定不（must的反義）推測現(xiàn)在的事情用 must,may,might,may not和 cant+do 或 bee.g.She must be at home now.The boy may play now.推測過去的事情用 must,may,might,may not和 cant+have donee.g.Sh

2、e might have bee n ill yesterday.He must have hold the party.情態(tài)動詞 must, can, could, may, migh表推測的用法情態(tài)動詞中的 must, can, could, may, migh諸E表推測。其中 must的可能性最大，can / could次之，may / might最小。具體用法如下：1. must的用法（1）表示推測可能性”時，意思是一定、準(zhǔn)是”，語氣較肯定，較有把握。He must be America n. = It is certa in that he is America n.他準(zhǔn)是個美國人。

3、（2） must表推測只能用于肯定句。如果要表示一定不、肯定不”的意思時，應(yīng) 用can如詢問某種可能時，應(yīng)用can。He must kn ow my address.他肯定知道我的地址。（一定）He can t know my addres他肯定不知道我的地址。（一定不）Can he know my address?他知道我的地址嗎？（詢問可能性）（3）must表示推測時，可以推測現(xiàn)在/正在發(fā)生的動作/過去發(fā)生的動作。He must have a car now.（現(xiàn)在）他一定有輛小汽車。He must be doing his exercises in the classroom.正在進(jìn)行）

4、他一定在教室里做練 習(xí)。He must have finished the work.（過去發(fā)生）他一定已完成了工作。注：must表示推測時很少用于將來的情況。一般不用He must come tomorrow可用 Its certain / I m sure that he will come tomorrow.（4） 在反意疑問句中，當(dāng)附屬部分含有表示推測意義的must時，疑問部分的助 動詞應(yīng)與must后面的動詞在非推測情況下的用法保持一致。He must be a worker, isn（現(xiàn)在？他準(zhǔn)是個工人，是嗎？It must have rained last night, didn（

5、過去 昨t晚一定下雨了，是不是？You must havelear ned En glish for many years, have n（完成時？你一定學(xué)了好多年英語，是嗎？2. ca n / could 的用法（1） can表示推測 可能性”時，往往用于否定句或疑問句。Can t一定不”語 氣很肯定。can在疑問句中意思是 會、可能”用于肯定句時，表示理論上的， 潛在的可能性（有傾向，實際上未必會發(fā)生或者不涉及實際是否發(fā)生）往往與 sometimes 或者 some one 有關(guān)。Accide nts can happe n.He can t behrime. = It is imposs

6、ible that he is at home.他一定不在家。（2）can /can后可接進(jìn)行時/完成時，表示對現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動作或過去發(fā)生的動作 進(jìn)行推測。They can t be reading in the libra他們一定不在圖書館讀書。He can t have gone to Shanghai for I saw him a minute ago.他不可能去了上海，我剛才還看見他。It s so late. Where cae save gone?天晚了，她可能去哪兒了呢？（3）在反意疑問句中，當(dāng)陳述部分含有表示推測意義的can時，疑問部分的助 動詞應(yīng)與can后面的動詞在非推測情況

7、下的用法保持一致.He can t be a teacher, is h他不是教師，是嗎？She can t have finished her homework, has sh她一定沒有完成家庭作業(yè)，是不 是？could可用于表示某事有可能發(fā)生表示可能性不大的推測。意思相當(dāng)于may/mightDon t eat .itIt could be poisonous.不要吃它，可能有毒。The pla ne could be delayed by fog.飛機可能會因為霧晚點。（5）could還可以用于表示客氣、委婉、禮貌的請求語氣。Excuse me, could you tell me the

8、 way to the bus stati on?Could you help me?（6） couldn 表示否定推測，表示某事不可能真實，或由于特定事實或環(huán)境某事 肯定不會發(fā)生。It couldn t posbb poison.這不可能是毒藥。表示對過去發(fā)生的事推測，常常和 have do ne連用He was not at home last ni ght . He could/ might have gone to movies.I did nt see her at the meet ing yesterday; she could nt have spoke n at the me

9、et ing.3. may和might的用法（1）may, might表示推測 可能性”時，意思是 可能” 也許”語氣沒有mustHe may / might be America n. = It is possible that he is America n.他可能是個美國人。注：might不表示過去時態(tài)，只是語氣上比may更委婉，表示的可能性更小。（2）may, might表推測時，可以用于否定句，意思是 可能不、也許不”但不 用于疑問句。He may / might not be at home.他也許不在家。（3）may, might可以推測現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動作或過去發(fā)生的動作。He

10、may / might be sleeping now.（現(xiàn)在）他可能正在睡覺。The boy may / might not be watching TV at home.（現(xiàn)在）這個男孩可能沒在家看電視These stude nts may / might have see n the film before.過去） 這些學(xué)生以前可能看過這部電影。（4）may, might還可以推測將來的情況。I think we should take rain coat with us, it may rain.我想我們應(yīng)該帶上雨衣，可能要下雨了。She might not come this aft

11、er noon.她今天下午可能不來（一）情態(tài)動詞表推測的三種句丄能用于表推測的情態(tài)動詞： must, can, could, will, would, may, might, should, ought to1. 在肯定句中一般用 must （一定），may（可能），might / could （也許，或許）（1）He must/may/might know the answer to this question?他一定/可能/也許知道這個問題的答案。（2）It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating.屋里很冷，他們

12、肯定把暖氣關(guān)了。2. 否定句中用 can t / couldn t（不可能）,may not/might not（ 可能不）。（1）It can t/couldn t be the headmaster. He has gone to America. 這不可能是校長，他去美國了。（2）He may not/might not know the scientist.他也許不認(rèn)識那位科學(xué)家。3. 疑問句中用can/could （能,?）。（1） Could he have finished the task?他可能把任務(wù)完成了嗎？（2） Can he be at home now?他現(xiàn)在能在家嗎

13、？注：以上三種句式中情態(tài)動詞的語氣按程度都是依次遞減的。Might, could并非may, can的過去式，而表示語氣較為委婉或可能性較小。（二）情態(tài)動詞表推測的三種時1. 對將來情況的推測，用 “情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形(1) She must / may / might / could arrive before 5.5:00 前她一定 / 可能 / 也許到。(2)She must/may/might/couldwalk miles and miles amongthe hills without meeting4鍵入文字anyone.她一定/可能/也許會在山里一連走好幾英里而遇不到一個人。2

14、.對現(xiàn)在或一般情況的推測，用情態(tài)動詞+ be ” ， “情態(tài)動詞+be5鍵入文字#鍵入文字doing ”或“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形”(1) He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now.他一定/可能/也許正在聽收音機。(2) He can t ( couldn t ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time.這個時候他不可能/可能不在家。(3) Mr. Bush is on time for everything.How can ( could ) he be late for

15、 the opening ceremony ?布什先生一向準(zhǔn)時，這次開幕式他怎么可能遲到呢？3.對過去情況的推測，用“情態(tài)動詞+ have +過去分詞（1）It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.地濕了，昨晚肯定/可能/也許下雨了。（2）The door was locked. He can （ could ） not / may （ might ） not have been at home . 門鎖著，他不可能/可能不在家。（3）Can / Could he have gotten th

16、e book？ 難道他找到書了嗎？注：情態(tài)動詞should /ought to表推測時，意為想必會，理應(yīng)”但與have +過去分詞”連用時，則又可構(gòu)成虛擬語氣意為“本應(yīng)該做某事卻沒做”。例如：（4）It s seven o clock. Jack should/ought tobe here at any moment.現(xiàn)在七點鐘了，杰克理應(yīng)隨時到達(dá)。（推測）（5）She should / ought to have atte nded your birthday party, but she had to lookafter her mother in hospital.（虛擬）她本該出席你

17、的生日晚會的，可是她得在醫(yī)院照顧她媽媽。（6）Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm.（虛擬）湯姆本不該告訴我你的秘密，可是他并無惡意。補充強調(diào)：推測的句型特點（對某一次的推測句型有兩部分：語氣和時態(tài)）（1） 語氣部分：（以下情態(tài)動詞語氣由強至弱）肯定句：must、may might （ =could）否定句：can t （ =couldn t）、mayn t、mightn t 疑問句：can、could （語氣更加委婉不確定）（2）時態(tài)部分：be 表示對現(xiàn)在的推測 have don

18、e 表示對過去的推測be doing表示對正在進(jìn)行的推測語氣部分寫在前時態(tài)部分寫在后，組合在一起就是推測（三）幾組表推測的情態(tài)動詞用法情態(tài)動詞+完成時”是歷年高考的熱點，在做此類練習(xí)時，既需要掌握這一結(jié)構(gòu)的基本 用法，又應(yīng)該仔細(xì)體會題干所提供的語言信息，準(zhǔn)確理解語言環(huán)境和說話人的含義，尤其要注意題干中時態(tài)給予的暗示。定，想必”，句子中表示的是- can t(couldn )thave donel.must have done表示對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的推測，意為 種肯定的推測。這種結(jié)構(gòu)一般只用于肯定句，其否定形式是 表示 不可能，肯定不會。例如：He didn t hear the phone .

19、He must have been asleep. 他沒有聽到電話響，他肯定是已經(jīng)睡著了。He must have bee n to Shan ghai.他一定去過上海。They can t have gone out , because the light is or他們不可能出去，因為燈亮著。2. can (could) have done表示對過去的時間內(nèi)可能發(fā)生的事情的猜測，can have done般只用于否定句和疑問句。could have done還可以用于肯定句，常用來表示本來可能完成而實際未完成的動作。例如：He can t have finished the work so

20、 soon這項工作他不可能完成得這樣快。We could have walked to the station , it was so near .我們本來是可以走到車站去的，路很近。3. may (might) have done(1)表示對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的不太肯定的推測，意為可能已經(jīng)，或許已經(jīng)”。(2 )虛擬用法表示本可以做，但卻沒做(表示很委屈地責(zé)備)If we had taken the other road , we might have arrived earlier. 如果我們選擇另一條路，我們可能會到得早一些。He might have give n you more help

21、, he was very busy.他本來是可以給你更多幫助的，盡管他很忙。4. needn t have do指實際上做了本來不必要做的事，意為本來不必”。例如：There was plenty of time . She needn t have hurried.時間很充裕，她本不必匆忙。You needn t have told him the news.他本來不必把這個消息告訴他。5. should (ought to ) have done指本該做而實際未做的事，意為本來應(yīng)該”。其否定式shouldn (oughtn )thave done則表示某種行為不該發(fā)生但卻發(fā)生了。例如：Y

22、ou should have started earlier , but you didn t.你本應(yīng)該早一點出發(fā)，但是你沒有。You ought to have helped him(but you didn ) . t 你本應(yīng)該幫助他。We shouldn t have waited for her because she never came.我們本不應(yīng)該等她，因為她根本不會來。6. Would have done本想做(去卩沒做)wouldnthave done本不想做(去卩做了)I would have helped you, but I was too busy.我本想幫你，但我太

23、忙了。小試牛刀一、單項選擇1 Johncome to see us toni ght, but he isnt very sure yet.A. may B. need C. can t D. must2 John isn t in the classroom. He play soccer on the playground with Bob.A. can B. must C. should D. can t3 Thatnot be her husba nd . She is still sin gle.A. may B.ca n C. could D. might4 Yougo and s

24、ee a doctor at once because you got a fever.A. can B. must C. dare D. would5 -Ca n you speak Japa nese? -No, I.A. must ntB. cant C. n eed ntD. may not6 -Hebe in the classroom, I thi nk.-No, hebe in the classroom. I saw him go home a mi nute ago.A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; cant D. may; m

25、ust nt7 -Is Lena swimming in the pool?-No, she swim. She is terrified of water.A. may not B. must notC. cantD. n eed nt8 He isnt at school. I think hebe ill.A. can B. shall9 -What do you think-I m not sure. ItC. must D. might “upsens? mea mea n sad .A.may B. must C. canD. should10 The childrenplay f

26、ootball on the road.A. cantB. can C. must ntD. mustThe road is wet . Itlast ni ght.9鍵入文字#鍵入文字A. must rainB. must have rained#鍵入文字C. could have rained D. can have rained12 .Heyou more help , eve n though he was busy .A might have give n B might not giveC may not have give nD may give練一練1. Look! The l

27、ight is out in her room. Sheto bed already.A. must go B. had to go C.must have gone D.has gone2. We had a won derful time yesterday. You.Why did nt you come?A. had to come B.should have come C.might have come D.must have come3. There were already five pdep n the car but they man aged to take me as w

28、ell.Ita comfortable journ ey.A. cant beB. should nt be C. must nt have bee n D. could nt have bee n4. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday after noon, so heyour lecture.A. could nt have atte ndedB. n eed nt have atte ndedC. must nt have atte ndedD. should nt have atte nded5. I was really

29、 an xious about you. Youhome without a word.A. must nt leaveB. Should nt have leftC. Could nt have leftD. need nt leave6. Oh, I m not feeling well in the stomach_o much fried chicken just now.A. shouldn t cutB.mustn t have eatenC. shouldn t have eatenD.mustn t eat7. Mr.Whiteat 8:30 for the meeting,

30、but he didn t show up.A. should have arrivedB.shouldarriveC. should have had arrivedD.shouldbe arriv ing8. Yoube tired - youve only bee n work ing for an hour.A. must notB. won tC. can tD. may not9. - Is n t that Anns husba nd over there?-No, itbe him -Im sure he does nt wear glasses.A. cantB. must

31、notC. wontD. may not10. Therebe any difficulty about pass ing the road test since you have practised alot in the driv ing school.A . mustn t B. shan tC. shouldn tD.needn t11. I was on the highway whe n this car went past followed by a police car. They at lease 150 km an hour.A. should have bee n doi

32、ngB. must have bee n doingC. could have doneD. would have done12. Hehave completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn t be enjoying himselfby the seaside.A. should B. must C. wouldn t D. can t13. - The woma n biologist stayed in Africa study ing wild ani mals for 13 yearsbefore she returned.- Oh, dear!

33、Shea lot of difficulties!A. may go throughB. might go throughC. ought to have gone throughD. must have gone through14. This cake is very sweet. Youa lot of sugar in it.A. should putB. could have put C. might put D. must have put15. Catheri ne, I have clea ned the room for you.Than ks. Youit. I could

34、 man age it myself.A. needn t do B. needn t have doneC. mustn t do D. shouldn t have done16. Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?Somethi ngto him.A. must happe nB . should have happe nedC . could have happe nedD . must have happe ned情態(tài)動詞+have done結(jié)構(gòu)1 . -You didn t wait for Mr. Smith l

35、ast night, did you?-No, but we. He didn t return home at all.A. couldn t have waitedB. needn t haveC. didn t need to D. should wait2. Harryhave won the Physics competition easily yesterday, but he gave up.A. could B. might C. should D. must3. -May I speak to your manager Mr. Smith at six o clock ton

36、ight ?”-“I m sorry, Mr. Smith to a conference before then.”A. will have gone B. had gone C. would have gone D. has gone4. -Tom took away our teacher s cell phone without being permitted.-Really? I can t imagat hehave done such a thing.A. must B. may C. can D. should6. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. Ithe trouble to carry myumbrella with me .A. should have take n B. could have take nC. n eed nt have take n D. must nt have take n7. He paid for a seat, when hehave entered free.A. could B. would C. must D. n eed8. I didn t