2018高三二輪：短文改錯(cuò)解題技巧講解與訓(xùn)練

1、高考英語短文改錯(cuò)解題技巧短文改錯(cuò)口訣動(dòng)詞形,名詞數(shù),還要注意 形和副;非謂語,細(xì)辨別，習(xí)慣用法要記住;句子成分多分析， 邏輯錯(cuò) 逞須關(guān)注；冠詞連詞常光顧 詳解：一、動(dòng)詞形：主要包括兩類錯(cuò)誤：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。動(dòng)詞形常見 錯(cuò)誤：1) 一般過去時(shí)與一般 現(xiàn)在時(shí)錯(cuò)用。2)第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯(cuò)用。第三人稱單數(shù)：Is/was2) and、but,or,also 前后動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致。 (具有對稱性)4) 主謂不一致。5)缺少謂語動(dòng)詞1.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)缺少 be 動(dòng)詞 2、主系表結(jié)構(gòu) (am/is/are/was/were )6) 主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)專昔用wash-is washed7

2、) Used to的運(yùn)用錯(cuò)誤例如： My favorite sport are football. (is)Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)二、名詞數(shù)：指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯(cuò)誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。改正方法:1)根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份.2)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系.例如： so that I ' ll get good marks in asbitoject. (subjects)三、還要注意形和副：注意形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯(cuò)題的?？键c(diǎn)。命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法： 主

3、要考查形容詞和副詞的誤用、形容詞及副詞的比較級(jí)等。根據(jù) adj 或 adv 的基本用法確定專昔誤；修飾系動(dòng)詞 (am/is/are/was/were) 或名詞用形容詞；修飾行為動(dòng)詞、形 容詞、過去分詞及整個(gè)句子用副詞。例如：I ' m sure we ' ll hawoaderfully time together. (wonderful)Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)四、非謂語，細(xì)辨別：這是考查最多的錯(cuò)誤形式之一。主要有現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞，動(dòng)名詞和不定式錯(cuò)誤。1) 不定式

4、to do2)動(dòng)名詞 doing 作主語、賓語 3) and 連接的不定式或動(dòng)名詞前后一致(尤其距離較遠(yuǎn)時(shí))4)現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別等例如： in my spare time, but now I aminteresting in football. (interested)Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also(playing)My parents love me and will do all they can make sure (to)五、習(xí)慣用法要記住：主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，其錯(cuò)誤

5、表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種：多詞、少 詞和搭配錯(cuò)誤。例如：It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and (of)We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead A ourselves. (of)六、句子成分多分析：不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類；不同的語境要選擇不同的詞語。只有對句子結(jié)構(gòu)和成分作細(xì)致的分析，才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤。例如：They A eager to know everything about China and (were)I live in

6、Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)七、邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注:與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，屬于邏輯性錯(cuò)誤，如稱謂上的張冠 李戴。例如：The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)no way of settng the matter except by selling the set. Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone)八、冠詞連詞常光顧：?？嫉腻e(cuò)誤形式有：連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯(cuò)誤，以及Q詞的

7、用法錯(cuò)誤等。四不改:標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不改。大小寫不改。詞序錯(cuò)誤不改(不是不改，而是按錯(cuò)詞或少詞來改 )。在綱外生詞不改。文中出現(xiàn)帶漢語注釋的詞，在句中不可能用錯(cuò)短文改錯(cuò)具體考點(diǎn)詳解考點(diǎn)1.名詞命題特點(diǎn):本來用復(fù)數(shù)，卻用單數(shù).改正方法：(1)根據(jù)名詞前的彳飾限定成份；(2)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系.詳解：said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.2. After class we become stranger at once.3. They want me to devote all my time to my studies so tha

8、t I' ll get marks in all my subject.4. On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.5. There are advantage for students to work while studying at school.6. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.7. I looked at his other hands.考點(diǎn)2.代詞命題特點(diǎn)：1 .女性代詞指代男性或相反；2

9、.單數(shù)指代復(fù)數(shù)；3.代詞詞性誤用。改正方法：聯(lián)系上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。代詞的錯(cuò)誤特點(diǎn)：1 .人稱代詞的偷換錯(cuò)誤 2.缺少人稱代詞的錯(cuò)誤 3.人稱代詞數(shù)的一致問題 4.人稱代詞格的一致問 題詳解：Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.have a good friend who ' s name is Liu Mei.was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited. Ibegan to enjoy t

10、alking to myself on paper as Iwas learning to express me in simple English .day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher .students may also save up for our college or future use .took it in me and we walked.考點(diǎn)3.介詞命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：介詞涉及搭配錯(cuò)誤，因此可從以下方面確定錯(cuò)誤：命 介詞的基本用法：2)習(xí)，惜搭酉己： 3) 動(dòng)詞詞類確岸錯(cuò)誤. 如 talk, serve,

11、wait 等。介詞的錯(cuò)誤：介詞短語常常考，固定搭配要記牢。介詞后邊跟賓語，結(jié)合語境細(xì)推敲。詳解：do not seem to get much time to talk about together.was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.'ll talk with our plan fo

12、r the weekend over dinner.am writing to thank you with your kind help.was looking for a glass the cupboard.these lines stands for a trouble in my life.考點(diǎn)4時(shí)態(tài)命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：現(xiàn)在時(shí)與過去時(shí)的誤用，句中一般沒有時(shí)間狀語。每年都考。要注意聯(lián)系上下文，著眼于整個(gè)語篇的時(shí)態(tài)。通常整篇都是過去，突然一個(gè)句子用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。其中又以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)互改為多。詳解：did not want me to do any work at home; they w

13、ant me to devote all my time to my studies so that-time passes quickly. Evening came.liked it very much and reads it to the class.don' t know that they don ' t like to talk with , we talked to each other very well in class.will write again and send you the photos we take together.had guests

14、last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel ago.考點(diǎn)butor誤用及前后不一致命題特點(diǎn)： 主要考查 and、or、but、so等并列連詞的誤用。However 與 although/though 不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)改正方法；1）根據(jù)句意確定誤；2）根據(jù)句子的邏輯關(guān)系確定錯(cuò)誤。詳解：28. She is smiling at me but nodding at me.looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.food was expensive and the servi

15、ce was good.came into the living room and saw one of them jus tgo through the kitchen door but turn on the light.fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.liked it very much and reads it to the class.考點(diǎn)6.從句連詞命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面的錯(cuò)誤主要涉及句子成份和復(fù)合句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞等。解答這類題從以下方面來思考:1）句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）復(fù)合旬中從句的關(guān)系詞或引導(dǎo)詞的運(yùn)

16、 用是否得當(dāng)?shù)?。平行結(jié)構(gòu)常使用等立連詞 and,but, or 或連詞詞組 not only 大比also ，either 0,neither!循 nor- - 就近原則。主語+With,together with,as well as,besides , 動(dòng)詞與主語致and, but,or,also前后動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致。（具有對稱性）詳解：was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.don' t know that they don ' t like to talk with me.main problem was

17、 in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate everything into English.things are in other homes, I wonder.their own money allows them to spend on anything as if they please.did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning.考點(diǎn)7.冠詞命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：英語中冠詞只有三個(gè)，只能從以下幾個(gè)方向出

18、題：1）不定冠詞a和an互改；2）不定冠詞a或an和定冠詞the互改；3）根據(jù)需要增刪冠詞。詳解：everyone knows, it ' s famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.may be one family and live under a same roof, but-Thursday I will have to decide what I want to doover a weekend.hope you ' ve had pleasant journey home考點(diǎn)8.形容詞和副詞命題特點(diǎn)及

19、改正方法:主要考查形容詞和副詞的誤用、形容詞及副詞的比較級(jí)等。1）根據(jù)adj.或adv.的基本用法確定錯(cuò)誤；2）修飾連系動(dòng)詞或名詞用形容詞；3）修飾行為動(dòng)詞、形容詞、過去分詞及整個(gè)句子用副詞。詳解：would describe myself as shy and quietly.have been reports in America about people trying to steal person information for bad rmation on the Net is easily.what I learned from the job was m

20、uch more important as what I nunciation was terribly .came back lately and had some tea.考點(diǎn)9.非謂語動(dòng)詞命題特點(diǎn)改正方法：1）謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)用；2）動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞的錯(cuò)用；3）現(xiàn)在分 詞和過去分詞的錯(cuò)用等。詳解：their own money allow them to spend on anything as they please.parents will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.I b

21、egan to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English.fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.students may also to save up for our college or future use.1 （schoolmate 改為 schoolmates） 2 （stranger 改為 strangers） 3 （subject 改為 subjects）4 （picture 改為 pictures）

22、 5 （advantage改為 advantages） 6 （ideas改為 idea） 7 （hands改為 hand） 8（his改為 their） 9（ who 改為§whose）10 （them 改為 us） 11 （me 改為 myself） 12 （showed后加 it） 13 （our 改為 their） 14 （me 改為 mine） 15去掉 about） 16.（去掉 at） 17 （去掉 was后的 in） 18 （with 改為 about） 19 （with 改為 for） 20 （glass后力口 in） 21 （each后加 of） 22 （did 改

23、為 do） 23 （passes 改為 passed）24 （reads改為 read） 25 （talked 改為 talk） 26. （take 改為 took） 27. （have 改為 had） 28. （but 改為 and） 29. （and 改為 or） 30 （and 改為 but） 31 （but 改為 and） 32 （visiting 改為 visited） 33 （reads 改為read）34 （noon 后加 when） 35 （that 改為 why） 36 （去掉 that 前的 in） 37 （What 改為 How） 38 （去掉 if） 39 （去掉 th

24、at） 40 （famous前力口 a） 41 （a 改為 the） 42 （a 改為 the） 43 （had 后加 a） 44 （quietly 改為 quiet） 45（person 改為 personal） 46（easily改為 easy） 47（as改為 than） 48（terribly 改為 terrible ） 49 （lately 改為 late） 50 （allow 改為 allows） 51 （make前力口 to） 52 （talk 改為 talking） 53 （visiting 改為 visited） 54 （去掉 to）英語短文改錯(cuò)典型練習(xí)（1）When I w

25、alked into the classroom, the teacher was handing in the was feeling very nervous. I had studiedat all at the weekend as I had thought it would be easy test.I went through the test for many times but I could only answerthree out from the twenty questions. I did not want to fail the exam. Then, I put

26、 my book under my desk, opening itand started looking for the answer. The teacher wasn'tlooking at me, but I copied , I felt a handon my shoulder! The teacher caught me cheating. I don't know what to say. Luckily, the teacher did not punish forcheating but instead gave me a second chance.（2）

27、I have a good friend who ' s name is Liu Mei. She is ourmobonerofrthe excellent students in our class.Clever as she is, but she words very have alot on common and have a lot to talk .One evening shetold me that something happened when her parents was out. She was doing her homeworks one Sunday m

28、orning whenshe smelt something burning. She stopped look out of the window and find a cloud of smoke coming out of her neighbor s house .She called 119 immeTdeinatme.inutes later, the firemen came and put out neighborwas very thankful for her help.（3）I often dream ofa teacher, I dream of standing on

29、 the platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys and girls . I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up. I am always young when I was staying with them. I know there is not easy to be a teacher. Youhave to learn in order to teach. Without enough knowledges, you can never l

30、earn well .What is more , you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.Only in this way can you be good teacher and win respect from them. Though I am a student now, I will work as very hard to make my dream come true.（4）It is a pleasure for me to write this letter to tell how m

31、uchI enjoyed my stay in your whole family last week. This was my first visit to a English first, I was worried about mypoor English. And when I saw your wife and children waiting for me with warm smile of welcome on their immediately knew that everything would be all right. There are many more happy

32、 memories of the week that I will keep them with me forever. I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw thechanging colors of the leaves on the trees. I also like thefishing trip. It was such much fun.（5）I still remember my middle school life in Tianjin yet. I was then i

33、n a school for students from Tibet. As we were all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life. Wehad to do the washing, cleaning and shopping by us. However, we seldom felt lonely or helplessly. We enjoyed our happy life. Atweekends,we would play basketball, swimming in the po

34、ol, or go for a picnic. We were living in a big family. We treat each other as brothers and sisters. If any one of you had anydifficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out. It has been five years when we graduated,but those memoriesare as sweet as ever before.（6）During the summer of

35、 2001, I started read books in English, mostly would learn a lot of newwords from these books, but I had terribly problems memorizing them. I had to look up to the same word many times, for which was quite troublesome. I realizedI do need a way to remember all this vocabulary.It wasa great achieveme

36、nt for myself. I started writing down words from books that I read. I would come back fromschool, and then sit for an hour and wrote down new words and added it to my collection. By the end of last year,my collection has grown to 3,000 words.（七）This is a story told by my father:When I was boy,the mo

37、stweaxscwitihnegnthtoincgelebrate the SpringFestival. My grandma was the best cooker in the worldbut could make the most delicious dishes. One time,I justcouldn wat it for the Spring Festival dinner. As I wasabout take a piece from a cookedduck, I saw Grandma in the kitchen looking at me. Shake her

38、head, she said, Itisn't a good tdear. At once I apologizeand controlled maet my best till the dinner started. You know, that was a dinner we had waited for several month. ”（8）There are advantage for students to work whilestudy at school. One of them was thatthey can earn money.For the most part,

39、students working to earn money for their ownuse. Earning their own money allow themto spend on anything as if they would have to ask their parents for money or for permission to do things bythe money. Some students may also to save up for our college or future use.（9）Dear Mr. Brown ,I am writing to

40、thank you with your kind help.Before you came to teach us, I had not interest inEnglish. My pronunciation was terribly. I could only speak a few words. But one and a half year later.I now think English fun to learn. I got a lot of from yourencouraging words. I will always rememberwhat yousaid, “ If

41、you try to ,you can be No. 1!” I hopehyaoduplea savnet journey home and will come to Chinaagain sometimes inthe future. I will write againand send you the photos we take together.Yours sincerely, Li Min（十）Dear friends,It is real a good chance to have met all of you here.We have spent several preciou

42、s weekend in learning in theEnglish Club. Although we have been member for a shortperiod of time, we have made a great progress. That is because we are all very much active and the activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful, Besides, the foreign teachers here work hard and try his best to ma

43、ke the activities lively and interested. I am very pleased to say that all of us greatly improved our spoken English so far. I am looking forward to see all of you again in the near future!Thank you.（一）第一行：in改為out 第二行：had后加not 第三行：easy前加an；去掉for第四行： from 改為 of 第五行： opening 改為opened； answer 改為 answers第六行： but 改為 so 第七行：dont 改為 didn t 第八行： punish 后加 me（2） 第一行：whos 改為 whose