虛擬語氣語法歸納(共7頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上虛擬語氣語法歸納虛擬語氣的使用主要體現(xiàn)在三個方面：虛擬條件句、虛擬語氣在某些從句中的運用，以及虛擬語氣的一些特殊用法。虛擬條件句虛擬條件句就是對現(xiàn)實條件的一種虛擬假設(shè)，所假設(shè)的條件一般不符合事實或與事實相反或在現(xiàn)實中發(fā)生的可能性極小。根據(jù)時間的不同，虛擬條件句可分為三種，即與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬條件句、與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句及與將來事實相反的虛擬條件句。具體情況請看下表：例句：1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反If I had enough money now ， I would lend it to you.If I were you ， I would go to tell

2、 him the real feeling upon him.If I were a boy, I would join the army.If the had time, she should go with you.2.表示與過去事實相反If he had taken your advice ， he wouldn't have made such a bad mistake.She would have come to enjoy the party if she hadn't been very busy.If he had taken my advice, he wo

3、uld have succeeded in the competition.3.表示與將來事實相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.If he were to be given another chance to do it again， he could certainly achieve more.If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.1.虛擬條件句的倒裝在虛擬條件句中，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)所假設(shè)條件的虛擬性，或突出說話人

4、的一種主觀愿望，虛擬條件句可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。有時侯在使用時可省略if, 把條件從句謂語中的助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或系動詞放在句首實現(xiàn)的，句子則可換成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主語”。如：Had I been(= If I had been ) in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be (= If there should be) a drought， what should we do at that time ?Were

5、I a boy, I would join the army.Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.2.錯綜時間條件句有時條件從句的動作和主句的動作發(fā)生的時間并不一致，這時謂語動詞的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所要表示的具體時間來決定。例如：If we hadn't been working hard in the past few years ， things wouldn't be going so smoothly.If the

6、Party hadn 't led the Chinese people to liberate the country，Chinese people would still live a life in pain and poverty.3.含蓄條件句有時假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句的形式表現(xiàn)出來，而是通過某個介詞或介詞短語(如：with， otherwise， without， but for， in that position )、上下文或其它方式表現(xiàn)出來。這種句子稱為含蓄條件句。例如：But for the help from you ， I would not have had

7、the chance to go to college.I would never mind you making such loud noises， but， you see， my baby is in a deep sleep.It was so quiet ; you could have heard a pin drop.虛擬語氣在某些從句中的運用在某些詞或短語后接的從句中要使用虛擬語氣，表示愿望、建議或命令等。根據(jù)虛擬語氣的形式不同，虛擬語氣可以分為“should類”和“過去時態(tài)類”。2、虛擬語氣用于名詞性從句（1）虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的運用?！皐ish + 賓語從句”表示不能實現(xiàn)

8、的愿望，譯為“要是就好了”等。表示現(xiàn)在不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時；表示將來不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用“would/could + 動詞原形”；表示過去不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用“had + 過去分詞”或“could(should) + have + 過去分詞”。如：I wish it were spring all the year round.I wish I had known the answer.I wish I could fly like a bird.在表示建議、要求、命令等的動詞suggest、advise、propose、demand、req

9、uire、insist request、command、order等后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用should + 動詞原形或是動詞原形。如：She suggested we (should)leave here at once.The doctor ordered she should be operated.（2）虛擬語氣在同位語從句和表語從句中的運用。作表示建議、要求、命令等的名詞advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表語從句和同位語從句，從句中的謂語動詞用“（should） + 動詞原形”。如：His sugg

10、estion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.（3）虛擬語氣在主語從句中的運用。在主語從句中，謂語動詞的虛擬語氣用“should + 動詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示驚奇、不相信、理應(yīng)如此等。如：It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that

11、 you should be so careless.It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.注意：這種從句表示的是事實。如果說人對這種事實表現(xiàn)出驚奇的情感，就可用虛擬語氣。反之，如果不表示驚奇等情感，that從句也可用陳述句語氣。如：It is pity that you cant swim.3、虛擬語氣在其他場合的運用（1）虛擬語氣在as if/as though、even if/e

12、ven though等引導(dǎo)的表語從句或狀語從句中，如果從句表示的動作發(fā)生在過去，用過去完成時；指現(xiàn)在狀況，則用一般過去時；指將來狀況則用過去將來時。如：He did it as if he were an expert.Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.（2）虛擬語氣用于定語從句中。這種從句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) ”中，定語從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時(be用were)或should + 動詞原形，意思是“(現(xiàn)在)該”。如：Its time that I picked up my da

13、ughter.Its high time we were going.（3）虛擬語氣用在if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中。如：If only I were a bird.If only I had taken his advice.（4）虛擬語氣在一些簡單句中的運用。情態(tài)動詞的過去式用于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時，表示說話人謙虛、客氣、有禮貌或語氣委婉，常出現(xiàn)在日常會話中。如：It would be better for you not to stay up too late.Would you be kind enough to close the door?用于一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)法中。如：Would you lik

14、e a cup of tea?I would rather not tell you. 一、should類這一類的虛擬語氣是通過從句中的謂語動詞使用“should +動詞原形”體現(xiàn)出來的，should可以省略。其具體運用體現(xiàn)在：1.在suggest ， order， demand ， propose， command， request， desire，insist等表示建議、命令、要求、意見的動詞后接的賓語從句中要使用虛擬語氣。如：He suggests that she should leave the house at once.The leader ordered that the ta

15、sk(should) be finished as soon as possible.He proposed that we (should) deal with the problem by the view of development.2.與suggest ， order， demand ， propose， command， request， desire，insist等動詞相對應(yīng)的名詞suggestion， order， demand ， proposal 等后的表語從句或同位語從句中要使用虛擬語氣。如：The general sent the order that the batt

16、le(should) be held on untilthe complete failure of the enemy.My proposal is that we(should) set a deadline for handing in the plan.3.在It is/was suggested (ordered ， demanded ， proposed ， etc. ) 結(jié)構(gòu)以及necessary ， essential， important， strange， natural等形容詞后的主語從句中要使用虛擬語氣。如：It's requested that we (sho

17、uld) keep the stability of the society for the people's peaceful life.It is necessary that the badly wounded man(should) be treated immediately.二、過去時態(tài)類英語中，還有一些詞或短語后接的從句或句子，也要使用虛擬語氣，虛擬語氣是通過句中的謂語使用過去的某種時態(tài)(如：一般過去時、過去完成時等)來體現(xiàn)的。1. wish ， would rather 后的賓語從句。如：He wished he had never been involved in such affairs.I would rather you could teach me again.2. as if， as though引導(dǎo)的從句。如：The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.3.由if only (要是，那該多好啊!)引導(dǎo)的驚嘆句