第四講非謂語動詞

1、第四講非謂語動詞1. - It'sraining hard outside.You'd better .OK.A. to go outB. going outC. not to go out2. - What abouthiking this Sunday?-Great. I'd like with you.A. to go ; goingB. going; goingC. going; to go3. - would mind your bike? No, not at all. I 'll put it under the tree right away.A

2、. moveB. to moveC. movesD. not go outD. go; to goD. mov ing4. During the Spring Festival, the heavy snow stopped many people from back home.A. goB. goesC. wentD. going5. - Where's Mr Yu , do you know?-Well, it's hard to say. But I heard himloudly here j ust now.A. was readi ngB. readi ngC. h

3、ad readD. to read非謂語動詞概念以及考點點撥1. 對于分詞，不定式和動名詞掌握不清。2. 常見的一些搭配沒記住。非謂語動詞【考點分析】 非謂語動詞在句子中不能單獨作謂語，但可以單獨作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語。非謂語動詞是歷年各地中考必考的知識點之一，主要包括動詞不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的基本用法、句式結構和習慣搭配等?！沮厔蓊A測】 從命題內容來看，對動詞不定式作主語、 定語、賓語補足語，不定式與疑問詞 連用，不定式 與動名詞作賓語的區(qū)別， 過去分詞作定語等是今后考查的熱點；從命題形式上看，以單項填 空、完型填空、詞形變化為主，一般占 3-8分。一、考點

4、明細考點一動詞不定式作主語。此時，常用it作形式主語，而把動詞不定式放在后面，這樣句子可以避免頭重腳輕。It's easy to get l ost in a big city like Tokyo. 在東京這樣的大城市容易迷路。It is good to read English in the morning. 早上讀英語大有好處?？键c二動詞不定式作賓語。常接動詞不定式作賓語的有afford, agree, begin, decide, expect, fail, forget, happen, help, hope,learn, plan, prepare, pretend, wa

5、nt, start, wish, promise 等。I can't afford to buy a digital camera at the moment.我現(xiàn)在買不起數碼相機。I wanted to show it to you.我想把它給你看一看?？键c三 動詞不定式作表語。不定式作表語表示主語的職業(yè)、職責或性質等，通常對系動詞前面的名詞進行詮釋說明。His wish isto become a doctor.他的愿望是成為一名醫(yī)生。To him, the first important thing was to save lives 對他來說，最重要的事情就是搶救生命?？键c四動

6、詞不定式作賓語補足語。1 常接帶to 的不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有want, ask, tell, teach, wish, allow, invite等，構成want/ask sb. to do sth.句型表示 想要/讓某人做某事 ”O(jiān)ur headteacher wants us to school on ti me.我們的班主任要我們按時到校。The policeman asked the children not to play in the street. 警察讓這些孩子不要在街上玩耍。2 使役動詞 let, make, have 和感官動詞 see, watch, notice,

7、 look at, hear,li sten to, feel 等后面 接不帶to的不定式（即動詞原形）作賓語補足語。Thesepictures made me think of my childhood.這些照片使我想起了我的童年。I heard children talk in the next room.我聽見孩子們在隔壁交談。3動詞help后面的不定式作賓語補足語，可以帶to,也可以不帶to。You must help me to do my homework this after noon. 你今天下午必須幫我做作業(yè)。He often helps his parents clean

8、the house. 他常常幫父母打掃房屋?？键c五動詞不定式放在它所修飾的名定語詞或代詞之后作定語。I have some clothes to w ash.我有一些衣服要洗。Would you like something to drink? 你想喝點什么？考點六動詞不定式作狀語。1不定式在不及物動詞后作目的狀語的情況最多，可位于句首或句末。To get good results, one must study hard.要想取得好成績，必須努力學習。She came here to ask for her book.她來是為要回她的書。2 不定式和某些形容詞連用構成“b +形容詞+不定式”

9、結構，作原因狀語。I'm glad to see you.很高興見到你。We are sorry to trouble you. 很抱歉給你添麻煩了。3 不定式作程度或結果狀語時，常與enough （表示肯定）或to（表示否定）連用。He is old eno ugh to go to school. 他長大了，該上學了。He is too young to go school. 他太小還不能上學。考點七 疑問詞what, whi ch, how, when, where等于動詞不定式連用。此時，它在句中作主語、賓語、表語或賓語補足語。Where to buy this kind of

10、 computer is a problem.到哪里去買這種計算機是一個問題。I really don ' know what to do.我的確不知道該怎么辦了。The question is how to get there.問題是怎么到那里去。Can you tell me which one to choose? 請告訴我選擇哪一個？考點八動詞不定式作賓語。1 動詞 enjoy, practice, fi nish, mi nd, miss, keep, suggest, imagi ne, con sider 等后面只能接動名 詞 作賓語。My uncle enjoys go

11、ing out for a walk after super. 我叔叔喜歡玩晚飯后出去散步。Her sister practices speak ing En glish everyday. 他妹妹每天練習說英語。2 某些介詞構成的短語動詞如 be interested in, be proud of, be worth, be used to, feel li ke, gi ve up, think of, take part in 等之后也接動名詞作賓語。We are proud of be ing Ch in ese.我們因是中國人而感到驕傲。We are used toliving i

12、n thiscity.我們習慣住在這個城市里?？键c九某些動詞后面接不定式或動名詞作賓語的異同。1 動詞like, hate, start, begin后面可以接不定式或動名詞作賓語，意思沒有太大區(qū)別。但后面接動名詞指經常性的動作，接不定式指一次性的具體動作。I like swimming. 我喜歡游泳。I like to swi m.我現(xiàn)在喜歡游泳。g 動詞stop, forget, remember, go on, try后面接不定式或動名詞意思有區(qū)別。She stopped crying and li stened to the musi c. 她停止哭泣去聽音樂。Dr. Wang sto

13、pped to the weather report. 王醫(yī)生停下來去聽天氣預報?？键c十分詞作定語。單個分詞作定語置于被修飾的詞語之前；分詞短語作定語置于被修飾的詞語之后。China is a develop ing coun try a nd America is a developed country.中國是一個發(fā)展中國 家，美國是一個發(fā)達國家。A li ttle child learning to walk often fails.學走路的小孩常常摔跤。The dictionary borrowed from Li Ming is on the desk.從李明那里借來的那本字典在桌子上

14、放著呢?？键c一 感官動詞感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear等后面接不帶to的不定式（即動詞原形）作賓語補足語時 強調動作經常發(fā)生或強調動作發(fā)生的全過程；而現(xiàn)在分詞強調動作正在進行。I oftensee him play basketball on the playground. 我經?？匆娝诓賵錾洗蚯?。Isaw him play ing basketball whe n I passed theplaygro und.我經過操場的時候，看 見他正在打籃球。二、易錯點突破 易錯點一：兩個或兩個以上的動詞不定式并列在一起時，第一個不定式帶to,后面的不定式往往省略to。To

15、 go to sleep early and get up early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一個好習慣。易錯點二：動詞不定式作主語時，常用介詞 for或of來引出其主語，即動作的執(zhí)行者。如果動作的執(zhí)行者與形容詞具有邏輯上的主謂關系，那么就用介詞of;反之，如果動作的執(zhí)行者與形容詞不具有邏輯上的主謂關系，那么就用介詞for。It's niceyou me with my maths.A. for; to helpB. for; helpingC. of; to helpD. of ; helping【解析】C?？疾閯釉~不定式在“t's+ adj.+ of

16、+ sb. + to do sth.”和 “'s+ adj.+ for + sb. + to dosth.”兩個句型中的用法。二者只有介詞of和for之差，但意義不同。用of側重對 某人”的品格、特征、性格等地描述；用for則側重對不定式所指的事情”的描述。結合句意你幫我學數學，真是太好了 ”可選出正確答案為 Co易錯點三：作賓語的動詞不定式后面有通常 要用形式賓語it代替不定式。并將不定式置于賓語補足語之后。Most young people find exciting to watch a football match. A.itB. thisC. thatD. one【解析】Ao

17、考查動詞不定式作賓語，在 竹nd + it +形容詞+ to do sth."句型it是形式賓語，而真正的賓語是后面的動詞不定式，形容詞在句中作賓語補足語。由關鍵信息find和exciting to watch可確定正確答案為 A。易錯點四：如果動詞是不及物動詞，且與它所修飾的詞構成邏輯上的動賓關系，則作定語的 不定式要加上相應的介詞。We have a lot of thingsto talk about.我們有很多事情要談。易錯點五：在疑問詞 why, why n ot之后，動詞不定式不帶to。- What shall we do this Su nday, Li nda?- W

18、hy to the Scienee M useum?A. not to goB. not goC. don' goD. not you go【解析】Bo Why not do sth?"與 Why don'tyou do sth?"意思同為：為什么不.？” 后面接動詞原形。故選 Bo易錯點六：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語和過去分詞作定語的異同。前者表示一個正在進行的動作，而后者表示一個完成了或被動的動作。The book by the young writer sells well. It is popular among middle school students A

19、.was writte nB. writi ngC. wroteD. writte n【解析】D?？疾檫^去分詞作定語。根據句意那位年輕作家寫的書很暢銷”可知用過去分詞作定語，選D。易錯點七：過去分詞作賓語補足語時，所指的動作和賓語存在被動關系。We had the machi ne repaired.我們請人修了機器。一根據句意，用所給動詞的適當形式填空。1. Is it n ecessary(lear n) a foreig n Ian guage?2. He is good at (swim).3. Do you have anything(say) for yourself?4. It&

20、#39;sspring now. it'time(plant) trees.5. Don't keep me (wait) for a long time.6. The policeman told the boys not (play) in the street.7. Her son is too young (dress) himself.8. Let's(have) a rest, shall we?9. The speakerspoke too quickly for us (understand).10. The li ttl e boy is not ol

21、d eno ugh(read).11. I askedhim (show) me his new pen.12. Knives are used for(cut) things.13. I really don' know what(do) next.14. I often hear people (say) “(see) is(believe)”.15. You' better (try) thi s medi cine.16. They said they had nothing(worry) about.17. Can you finish (read) the book

22、 in three days?18. The doctor was busy(operate) on the boy at that ti me.19. (tell) you the truth, I dislike making friends with him.20. Stop(talk) and listen to me carefully.動詞的不定式五個特征：1. 沒有人稱和數的變化2. 有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化3. 不能單獨做謂語4. 可以有自己的賓語和狀語5. 在句子中可以做除了謂語的一切成分肯定形式：to +動詞原型否定形式：n ot + to do基本用法：1 .作主語To see

23、is to believe.2. 作賓語He decided to go there with us.3. 作表語His job is to teach.4. 補語I askedhim to help me.5 作定語He has a wish to become a singer.6 作狀語We hurried to the room only to find none there.省略 to 的情況前有 do, but, except, beside, such as 時，后省 toDon't do anything silly such as marry him.Prefer t

24、o do sth rather than do sth.在Why not. Had better, Cannot but , Would rather 后一定要加 do動名詞1. 主語Seeing is believing.Beatingthe boy is wrong.2. 表語To keep the money you found is steali ng.3. 定語There is a walking sti ck.He is in the reading room.4. 賓語 下列動詞后，只能接動名詞suggest, finish,avoid, can't help, mind

25、,enjoy, practise, miss, escape, advise,imagine, keep, permit, appreciateWe suggested going there.He has fi ni shed reading the book.下列詞組后，只能接動名詞Give up, put off, feel like, have difficulty/ trouble, be worth, thanksfor,what/ how aboutTo 后加 doing 的詞組Be / get used to, pay attention to, object to, pr e

26、f er.t o. , look forward to, due to, owing to, stick toWe are looking forward to seeing you again.I prefer reading to li stening to music. 分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞 do + ing doing1. 時間狀語Hearing the good news, he jumped with great joy.Not having finish her work in time,the boss fired her.2. 原因狀語Seeing nobody at home,

27、he decided to leave them a note.3. 伴隨狀語The girls came, following their par ent s.4. 結果狀語The poor old man dead, leaving nothing to his children.5. 做定語This is a very interesting story.This is inspiring news.6. 做表語The film is moving.The news is very exciting. I was mov ed.過去分詞 done1. 原因狀語Tired by the t

28、rip, he soon fell asleep. Lost in thought, he almost run into a car.2. 時間狀語Seen from the hill , the city looks like a garden.3. 條件狀語Given more chance, I would have worked out the probl em. Given more time, I would have worked out the pr obl em.4. 伴隨狀語The teacher came in, followed by some students.5.

29、 定語That is a broken cup.There are 100 people injured in the acci dent .1. -Mum, can I have something?-Oh, dear. You can only drink some water. There is in the kitchen.A. to drink; nothing elseB. drinking; something elseC. to eating; something elseD. eating; nothing else2. Pleasedon' forgetthe ro

30、om while I am away in Beiji ng.A. clea nB. to clea nC. clea nedD. clea ning3. Why not your teacher for help when you can' finish it by yourself? A.ask; writeB. to ask; writi ngC. ask; writ ingD. ask; writi ng4. - How about in the river with us?-Sorry, I can't. My parents often tell me that.A

31、. swim; don'do B. swim; to do C. swimming; not do D. swimming; not to do5. The young man used toto work, but she is used towork now.A. drive; walk ingB. drove; walked C. drive; walksD. drivi ng; walk6. The woma n made his son fin ally after she told him some jokesA. laughedB. to laughC. laughD.

32、laughi ng7. When we practi ce speak ing En gli sh, we ofte n end up in Chinese.A. to speakB. speakingC. spokeD. speak8. - Is Jack in the library? Maybe. I saw him out with some books just now.A. goingB. goC. to goD. went9. More and more young people are trying to do somethingthe old.A. servedB. to s

33、erveC. serveD. serves10. The teacher askedBe n a differe nt quest ion in class.D. an sweredD. where to look afterD. thisA. an swerB. an sweri ngC. to an swer11. - Have you made up your mind the sick kids?-By singing songs.A. what to tellB. how to cheer up C. when to help12. Don't you thinkimport

34、ant to protect our earth?A. thatB. howC. it13. She was supposedin hospital, but people found her in the office.A. to lieB. lyingC. lieD. lies14. Let'splay in the street. Father tell s me do so.A. not to; not toB. not; not toC. don' to not D. not to; don't15. The old man is ill and he doe

35、sn't feel like .A. to eat someth ing B. to eat anyth ingC. eatin g someth ingD. eat in g anyth ing1. If you feel tired, you stop .A. have a restB. to have a restC. havi ng a restD. had a rest2. She was surprised me last ni ght.A. to seeB. see3. - did you tell him about the news?-By an e-mail.A.

36、How; sendingB. How; send4. - it's cold outside.-Why stay at home?A. not youB. not toC. sawD. see ingC. How; sentC. notD. What; sen di ngD. no5. more information about the trip, you can go toA. FindB. FindingC. To findD. Found6. - You aren't a stranger, aren't you, don't you remember me at the school gate ten minutes ago?A. Yes; to seeB. No; see ingC. No; saw7. - The mov