新課標高考英語熱點動詞十五類共12頁文檔

1、新課標高考英語熱點動詞十五類動詞是英語中最活躍的詞類，是句子的核心成分。此外，英語動詞的變化較多，形式頗為復雜，是英語學習的難點之一。歷屆高考英語試題常把動詞作為測試的重點，在單項填空題中所占比例在50%以上。 我們通過對近十年來的高考英語試題進行分析， 歸納?？紕釉~十五類，供大家參考。一、連系動詞類連系動詞按其所表示的意義可分為以下 3 種：1 變化類表事物發(fā)展變化的過程， 如 become, go, turn, grow, get, fall 等。2 感覺類表人體部位的感受，如 feel, smell, taste, look, sound appear, seem, look 等。3 狀

2、態(tài)類表事物所處的狀態(tài)， 如 keep, come, run, remain, stand, lie, stay, prove 等。連系動詞的作用是后接形容詞或相當于形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)作表語。 除了少數(shù)幾個（如 feel, get, become, grow 等）外，不用于進行時態(tài)和被動結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：The mixture is tasted terrible. （誤）The mixture tastes terrible （正）【高考例題】（1） -Do you like the material?-Yes, it verysoft. （NMET94）（西安分卷3）A. is feeling B. f

3、elt C. feels D. is felt(2) Whydon't you put the meat in the fridge? It will fresh for several days. (NMET 03)A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. havestayed(3) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remainas the plane was making a landing. (04 春季高考上海卷)A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to

4、beseating(4) Be careful when you cross this very busy street. Ifnot, you may run over by a car. (02 高考北京卷)A. have B. get C. become D. turn(5) Happy birthday, Alice. So you have twenty-onealready. (04 天津卷)A. become B. turned C. grown D. passed(6) Sarah, hurry up. I'm afraid you can't have tim

5、e to before the party. (04 全國卷 II)A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change(7) 0n hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine,she pale. (04 湖北卷)A. got B. changed C. went D. appeared(8 )The flowers sweet in the botanic garden attractthe visitors to the beauty of nature. (04

6、上海卷)A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt(9) Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health poor. (02 春上海卷)A. proves B. remains C. maintains D. continues(10) I love to go to the seaside in summer. It goodto lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.A. does B. feels C. gets D. makes二、感官動詞

7、類?？嫉母泄賱釉~有see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel,find, catch 等。感官動詞的主要作用是后接非謂語動詞的不同形式作賓語補足語，表達不同的含義。1 后接不帶 to 的不定式表示一個發(fā)生過或者還沒發(fā)生具體的動作。I often heard the song sung, but I have never heard you sing it.When you go to watch the football watch, you will enjoyseeing the Chinese football team win.2 后接 V-ing

8、形式表伴隨的動作。Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy.Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast.3 后接 V-ed 形式表被動意義。After his return twenty years later, he found his hometown greatly changed.Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard aword of it spoken.【高考例

9、題】(1) The managers discussed the plan that they would liketo see the next year. (NMET 2000)A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried outD. to carry out(2) A cook will be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen. ( NMET 03)A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked(3) The missing boys were last s

10、een near the river.A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play(4) The salesman scolded the girl who was caught andlet her off. (NMET93)A. to have stolen B. to be stealingC .to stealD. stealing(5) He looked around and caught a man his hand intothe pocket of a passenger.A. put B. to be puttingC. to

11、 put D. putting (04春北京卷)三、使役動詞類表“致使” 意義的動詞稱之為使役動詞， 如 make, let, have, keep, leave, set, send 等。使役動詞的作用是后接非謂語動詞的不同形式作賓語補足語，表達不同的含義。分以下三種情況：1. make, let have 等后接不帶 to 的不定式，表“使讓某人某物做某事” 。Don't make him do it if he doesn't want to.If you have any problems, just let me know.在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式須帶to ,但是have不

12、用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)中.He was made to apologize to the guest.2. have, keep, leave, send, set, get等后接 V-ing 形式，表持續(xù)性動作。I'm sorry to keep you waiting for so long.Why do you have him worrying about his lessons?3. have, keep, leave 等后接 V-ed 形式，表被動含義。He didn't keep on asking me the time until he had had hiswatch

13、 repaired.I'll keep you informed as soon as I have the news.【高考例題】(1)Don't leave the water while you brushyour teeth. (04 天津卷)A. run B. running C. being run D. to run(2)Laws that punish parents for their children's actionsagainst the laws get parents . (04 重慶卷)A. worried B. to worry C. w

14、orrying D. worry(3) -Why did you go back to the shop?-I left my friend there. (03 春安徽內(nèi)蒙古卷)A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. waits(4) It was so cold that they kept the fire all night.(NMET91)A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned(5) -Good morning, can I help you?-I'd like to have this package ， m

15、adam.A. be weighed B. weighingC. weighed D. to weigh (NMET89)(6) The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't makehimself (NMET91)A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard(7) As you have never been there before, I'll have someone you the way. (94 上海卷)A. show B. to show C. showing D. showed(8

16、) Paul doesn't have to be made Healways works hard.(NMET95)A. learn B. to learn C. learned D.learning(9) A computer can do only what thinking people (99上海卷)A. have it do B. have it doneC. have done it D. having it done(10) Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washingmachine she had had we

17、nt wrong. (98 年上海卷)A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to berepaired四、含情感色彩的動詞這類動詞有excite, inspire, encourage, interest, satisfy,delight, please, move, frighten, surprise, amaze, astonish,shock, worry, astonish,disappoint, discourage, exhaust,puzzle, tire, terrify 等。情感動詞后接指人的名詞或代詞作賓語，有 V-ing 和 V-ed

18、兩種形式， 在句中作賓語和表語， V- 俄 ed 形式指人，V-ing 形式則指事物。The story was so moving that everyone present was movedto tears.What disappointing result! We were all disappointed with it.Climbing a hill was tiring and we were tired whenwe reached the summit.【高考例題】(1) Nick is looking for another job because he feels tha

19、tnothing he does his boss. (2000 春北京安徽內(nèi)蒙古卷)A. serves B. satisfies C. promises D. supports(2) -I'm very with my own cooking. It looks nicesmells delicious.-Mm, it does have a smell. (02春 NMET )A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleasedC. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant(3) Mr. Smith, of the

20、speech, started to read anovel. (03 春北京卷)A. tired; boring B. tiring; boredC. tired; bored D. tiring; boring(4) It is believed that if a book is, it will surelythe reader. (03 上海聾)A. interested; interest B. interesting； beinterestedC. interested ； be interesting D. interesting; interest(5) After his

21、journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home .(04 春上海卷)A. being exhausted B. exhaustedC. exhausting D. having exhausted五、后接不定式動詞類afford, agree, choose, determine, expect, decide, learn,offer, mange, hope, want, wish, promise, refuse, fail, pretend, happen等動詞，后跟不定式作賓語。Thank you for offering to he

22、lp, but I can manage myself.He learned to ride a bicycle when he was a small boy.【高考例題】(1) We agreed_ here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.(NMET95)A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met(2) Little Jim should love to the theatre this evening.(NMET92)A. to be taken B. to take C. bei

23、ng taken D. taking(3) I don't know whether you happen_, but I'm going to study in the U S A this September. (04 遼寧卷)A. to be heard B. to be hearingC. to hear D. to have heard(4) She pretended me when I passed by. (NMET89)A. not to seeB. not seeingC. to not seeD. having not seen(5) Dolet your

24、 mother know all the truth. She appears everything. (01 高考上海卷)A. to tell B. to be toldC. to be telling D. to have been told六、后接 V-ing 形式動詞類該 類 動 詞 常 考 的 有 appreciate, avoid, bear, consider, dislike, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, hate, imagine, keep，mind, miss, practise, postpone, resist, risk,'

25、stand, suggest 等。這些動詞須接V-ing 形式作賓語。例如；I don't mind waiting, but I've got to stand in the cold wind.Have you considered making some necessary changes to your plan?Only by practising speaking English every day can you expect to improve your spoken English.【高考例題】( 1) I would appreciate back thi

26、s afternoon.A. you to call B. you callC. your calling D. you're calling(2) While shopping, people sometimes can't help intobuying something they don't really need. (96年上海卷)A. to persuadeB. persuadingC. being persuadedD. be persuaded(3) He has always insisted on his Dr. turner insteadof M

27、r. Turner. (92 上海卷)A. been called B. calledC. being called D. having called(4) I really appreciate to relax with you on this nice第 5 頁island. (04年上海卷)A. to have had time B. having timeC. to have time D. to having time(5) Do you mind alone at home? (94 年上海卷)A. Jane leaving B. Jane having leftC. Jane&

28、#39;s being left D. Jane to be left(6) I can hardly imagine Peter across the AtlanticOcean in five days. (NMET91)A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed七、后接不定式與V-ing形式意義不同動詞類remember, try, regret, mean, forget, stop, go on, can'thelp等后接不定式與V-ing形式作賓語，表達含義不同。見下表:動詞接動名詞作賓語接不定式作賓語Remember過去

29、發(fā)生的動作將來的動作try嘗試做某事努力做某事regret對做過的事表不 后悔對要做的事表示遺憾mean|意味著做某事企圖（打算）做某事can't help禁不住做某事不能幫助做某事go on繼續(xù)做未完成的 事情做完件事后，接著做另 一件事forget忘記以前曾做過 某事忘記做某事stop中斷正在做的事 情中斷正在做的事去做別 的事例如:I rememberbeing pad, but I've forgotten the exact amount.Please rememberto send mea photo of your son the next time you wr

30、ite to me.I don't really mean to work here, which means leaving the job soon afterwards.【高考例題】(1) -The light in the office is still on. (NMET91)-Oh, I forgot.A. turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it off(2) -You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. (N

31、MET95)-Well, now I regret that.A. to do B. to be doingC. to have done D. having done(3) She can't help_ the house because she's busy making acake. (97上海卷)A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D.being cleaned(4) -1 usually go there by train. (NMET92)-Why not by boat for a change?A. to try going

32、B. trying to go C. to try and goD. try going(5) -Let me tell you something about the journalfists.-Don't you remember me the story yesterday? (99年高考上海卷)A. told B. telling C .to tell D. to have told(6) The library needs , but I'll have to wait untilSunday. (NMET92)A. cleaning B. be cleanedC.

33、being cleaned D. clean(7) 1n some parts of London, missing a bus means foranother hour. (02 春上海卷)A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting(8) She reached the top of the hill and stopped on abig rock by the side of the path. (NMET90)A. restingB. to have restedC. restedD. to rest(9) Go on the oth

34、er exercise after you have finishedthis one. (NMET89)A. to do B. doing C. with D. to be doing( Key: BDADB RADA)八、進行時態(tài)表將來意義動詞類這類動詞一般為表位置移動或方向性動詞，如 go,come, start,arrive, take, leave, move 等。例如：When are going off to for Shanghai?Mary as well as her parents is leaving for California next month.【高考例題】(1

35、) I've won a holiday for two to Florida. I my mum.(01 春 NMET)A. am taking B. have takenC. take D. will have taken(2) -What were you doing when he came to see you? (89 上海卷)-I had just put on my overcoat and visit afriend.A. leaving B. was left C. left D .was leaving(3) -What were you doing when T

36、ony phoned you ？-I had just finished my work and to take ashower. (04 天津卷)A. had started B. startedC. have started D. was starting九、主動表被動動詞類英語中有些動詞可用其主動形式表達被動含義， 可分為以下三種情況：1 某些實義動詞的主動形式后跟副詞表示被動意義，這類動詞有 sell, wash, write, last, read, wear等。這種“動詞副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，常表示事物內(nèi)部特有的屬性。This kind of cloth washes well and la

37、sts long.The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.Written in simple English, this article reads easily.2 某些及物動詞轉(zhuǎn)為不及物動詞后， 其主動形式表示被動意義，如open （打開，營業(yè)），close （關(guān)門），shut （關(guān)閉），cut （切割）， weigh 重 ）, act （上演）等。The door won't shut.This shop opens much earlier than it used to.Each stone w

38、eighs 2 tons.3 某些不及物動詞， 如 happen, occur, cost 以及短語， 如 come out （出版），comeup （出現(xiàn)），comeinto being （產(chǎn)生）cometo one's mind 想起） ， turn out （證明是） ， come about （發(fā)生） ， break out 姆發(fā)） ， belong to （ 屬于）等，本身表被動含義，所以它們常用主動形式。The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the

39、 18th century.Suddenly an idea came to his mind.It never occurred to me to phone you.【高考例題】（1） The evening news comeson at seven o'clock and onlythirty minutes. （04 全國卷 II）A. keeps B. continues C. finishes D. lasts（2） -Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cupboard? （02北京卷）-No, dear. They don'

40、t well. Put them in thefridge instead.A. keep B. fit C. get D. last（3） Books of this kind well.（99 上海卷）A. sell B. sells C. are sold D .is sold十、虛擬語氣動詞類insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand 等后接引導的賓語從句時，謂語動詞須用“ （should） 動詞原形” 。The guard at the gate insisted th

41、at everyone should obey the rules.The rule requires that everyone, young or old, manor women, have his car checked once a year.【高考例題】（1）-How do you we go to Beijing for our holidays.-I think we'd better fly there. It's much more comfortable. (04 福建卷)A. insist B. want C. suppose D. suggest(2)

42、 Jane's pale face suggested that she ill, and herparents suggested that she a medical examination. (94上海卷)A. be; should have B. was; haveC. should be; had D. was; has(3) sent to work here? (02 上海卷)A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that shouldC. Do you suggest who should D. Do you sugge

43、st whom should十一、省略替代類believe, think, suppose, guess, hope, expect, imagine,would like/ love, be afraid 等動詞用于簡略回答中，后接so 來替代肯定分句，用 not 來替代否定分句?；蚪觮o 來替代前面內(nèi)容相同的不定式，表示看法、意見、設想、打算等。例如：-Doyou think Normanwould have lent mehis car I had askedhim to?- -Yes, I ,think so.- -Will you be able to come to my birt

44、hday party?- -I'd love to, but I'm too busy.注意： believe, think, suppose, guess 等用于否定回答時，既可以說 I believe (think, suppose guess) not ，也可以說I don'tbelieve (think, suppose guess) so,但用 hope, expect, be afraid 作否定回答時，只能說I hope (expect) not 以及 I'm afraid not,【高考例題】(1) -I believe we've me

45、t somewhere before. (2000春季北京、安徽、內(nèi)蒙古卷)-No, .A. it isn't the same B. it can't be trueC. I don't think so D. I'd rather not(2) -The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they?(03 春北京卷)A. I guess not so B. I don't guessC. I don't guess it D. I guess not(3) -Do you think it&#

46、39;s going to rain over the weekend?-. (NMET94)A. I don't believe B. I don't believe itC. I believe not so D. I believe not十二、否定轉(zhuǎn)移類think, believe, guess, suppose, imagine, expect等動詞后接 that 引導的賓語從句時，從句若為否定結(jié)構(gòu)，常將否定詞 not 前移到主句中。I don't think it is possible to learn a foreign language well wi

47、thout much memory work.He doesn't think Tom will make an excellent player.當該結(jié)構(gòu)的主句主語為第一人稱時， 變?yōu)榉匆庖蓡柧洌?后半句的主語和謂語簡略形式應與從句保持一致， 否則與主句保持一致。 例如：I don't think there is anything else I need, is there?He doesn't believe he will be able to solve the problems by herself, does he?【高考例題】（1） I don'

48、t suppose anyone will volunteer, ？ （01上海卷）A. do I B. don't I C. will they D. won't they（2） Mrs. Black doesn't believe her son is able to design a digital camera,？ （02 上海卷）A. is he B. isn't he C. doesn't she D. does she十三、帶介詞 t0 的動詞短語類這類短語有be （get） used to, lead to, devote to, loo

49、kforward to, stick to, object to, get down to, there is no end to 等。當它們后面出現(xiàn)動詞時，要用 V-ing 形式。例如：I've got used to driving in all kinds of weather.As soon as she returned home from abroad, she got down to preparing supper for children.注意區(qū)分介詞 to 與不定式符號to aHe used to drive on the right and now he is u

50、sed to driving on the left. （used to 表“過去常?！?,to 為不定式符號， be used to 表“習慣于” ,to 為介詞）I'm looking forward to seeing you soon. look forward to意思是“盼望，期待” ， to 為介詞。 ）He looked forward to see what was happening. （look forward 意為“向前看” ， to see 是不定式作目的狀語。 ）【高考例題】（1） Mr. Reed madeup his mind to devote all

51、 he had to some schools for poor children. （01 上海卷）A. set up B. setting upC. have set up D. having set up（2） The discovery of new evidence led to . （03上海卷）A. the thief having caught B. catch the thiefC. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught（3） She looks forward every spring to theflower-l

52、ined garden. （94 上海卷）A. visit B. paying a visit C. walking D. walking in 十四、瞬間（非延續(xù)性動詞）類這類動詞常考的有g(shù)o, come, leave, start, return, begin,arrive, stop, finish, borrow, lend, open, close, die, become,break, join, marry, employ, graduate 等。瞬間(非延續(xù)性動詞)表短暫性的動作， 因此不可與表 “段時間” 的 for/ since 短語或 since從句連用。例如：He has come here for three years. (誤)He has been here for three years. (正)I