垃圾分類“攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)”)

1、.7 月 1 日，上海市正式開始實(shí)行上海市生活垃圾管理?xiàng)l例，上海居民迎來了史上最嚴(yán)垃圾分類措施。根據(jù)條例，人們要將垃圾按照干垃圾、濕垃圾、可回收垃圾和有害垃圾的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行分類投放，同時(shí)對(duì)沒有將生活垃圾分類投放的個(gè)人可處以 50 至 200 元的罰款。在進(jìn)行了 20 多年倡導(dǎo)工作后，上海市終于率先將垃圾分類納入了法治框架。閱讀短文并回答問題“ What kind of rubbish are you? ” This question might normally cause anger, but in Shanghai it has brought about weary groans over

2、the past week. On July 1st, the city introduced strict trash-sorting regulations that are expected to be used as a model for ourcountry. Residents must divide their waste into four separate categories and toss it into specific public bins. They must do so at scheduled times, when monitors are presen

3、t toensure compliance（服從） and to inquire into the nature of one s rubbish.Violators face the prospect of fines and worse. They could be hit with fines of up to200 yuan ($29). For repeat violators, the city can add black marks to their credit records, making it harder for them to obtain bank loans or

4、 even buy train tickets.Shanghai authorities are responding to an obvious environmental problem. Itgenerates 9 million tonnes of garbage a year, more than London s annual output and rising quickly. But like other cities in China, it lacks a recycling system. Instead, it hasrelied on trash pickers to

5、 sift through the waste, plucking out whatever can be reused. This has limits. As people get wealthier, fewer of them want to do such dirty work. The waste, meanwhile, just keeps piling up. China churns out 80 billion pairs of disposable chopsticks a year.Many residents appear to support the idea of

6、 recycling in general but are frustrated by the details. Rubbish must be divided according to whether it is food, recyclable, dry or hazardous（有害的） , the distinctions among which can be confusing, though there are apps to help work it out. Some have complained about the rules surrounding food waste.

7、 They must put it straight in the required public bin, forcing them to tear open plastic bags and toss it by hand. Most vexing（令人煩惱的） are the short windows for dumping trash, typically a couple of hours, morning and evening. Along with the monitors at the bins, this means that people go at around th

8、e same time and can keep an eye on what is being thrown out; no one wants to look bad.（節(jié)選自 The Economist）1. What s thepurpose of the first paragraph? A. To introduce the trash-sorting regulations. B. To explain the four categories of the waste.C. To present residents complaints about trash dividing.

9、 D. To show the goal of trash-sorting regulations.2. What does the und erlined word“ ViolatorsA. People who don t sort the waste.B. People who argue with the monitors.C. People who don t throw the trash on time.D. People who are against the regulations.” in Paragraph 2 refer to?3. What is the main d

10、irect environmental problem in Shanghai? A. The massive traffic.B. The increasing garbage.C. Lack of a recycling system.D. Lack of trash pickers.4. What makes the residents upset most about the rules? A. Complex distinction among the four categories of trash. B. Short scheduled time for tossing the

11、trash.C. Being observed by monitors when throwing the garbage.D. Being fined when blamed due to improper behavior.5. What can be the best title for the text? A. A Restart of Trash-sortingB. A Great Change in Tackling Litter C. A New Era of Garbage Classification D. A Craze for Learning Waste Sorting

12、參考答案1-5 ADBBC生詞1. sift through 篩選2. pluck out 拔，摘3. pile up 堆積，積累4. churn out 大量生產(chǎn)，粗制濫造5. disposable adj. 用后即丟棄的，一次性的長難句分析1. For repeat violators, the city can add black marks to their credit records, making it harder for them to obtain bank loans or even buy train tickets.主干： The city can add black

13、 marks to their credit records.譯文：對(duì)于屢次違規(guī)者， 他們的信用記錄將被加上污點(diǎn)。他們將很難申請(qǐng)銀行貸款，甚至難以購買火車票。.2. Rubbish must be divided according to whether it is food, recyclable, dry or hazardous, the distinctions among which can be confusing, though there are apps to help work it out.主干： Rubbish must be divided.譯文：垃圾必須按照廚余垃圾

14、、可回收垃圾、干垃圾、有害垃圾來分類，有些種類的區(qū)分可能會(huì)讓人感到困惑，盡管有一些 APP 可以幫助我們解決這個(gè)問題。3. Most vexing （令人煩惱的） are the short windows for dumping trash, typically a couple of hours, morning and evening. Along with the monitors at the bins, this means that people go at around the same time and can keep an eye on what is being thr

15、own out; no one wants to look bad.主干： Most vexing are the windows for dumping trash. This means that.譯文：最讓人煩惱的是短暫的垃圾投放時(shí)間段，通常只有早上和晚上的幾個(gè)小時(shí)。隨著垃圾監(jiān)督員出現(xiàn)在垃圾桶旁邊，這意味著人們幾乎是在同一時(shí)間丟垃圾，并且扔掉的垃圾將被密切關(guān)注；沒有人想讓自己難堪。知識(shí)拓展1. Waste classification: 垃圾分類Residual Waste: 干垃圾是指除有害垃圾、可回收物、濕垃圾以外的其他生活廢棄物。Household Food Waste: 濕垃圾（

16、廚余垃圾）是指易腐的生物質(zhì)廢棄物。主要包括剩菜剩飯、 瓜皮果核、花卉綠植、肉類碎骨、過期食品、餐廚垃圾等。Recyclable Waste: 可回收廢物是指適宜回收和可循環(huán)再利用的廢棄物。主要包括廢玻璃、廢金屬、廢塑料、廢紙張、廢織物等。Hazardous Waste:有害垃圾是指對(duì)人類健康或者自然環(huán)境造成直接或者潛在危害的零星廢棄物，單位集中產(chǎn)生的除外。主要包括廢電池、廢燈管、廢藥品、廢油漆桶等。2. 垃圾分類的好處：（ 1）減少占地：生活垃圾中有些物質(zhì)不易降解，使土地受到嚴(yán)重侵蝕。將垃圾進(jìn)行分類，去掉可以回收的、不易降解的物質(zhì)，可以減少垃圾數(shù)量達(dá)60%以上。.（2）減少污染： 目前我國的垃圾處理多采用衛(wèi)生填埋甚至簡易填埋的方式，占用上萬畝土地；并且蟲蠅亂飛，污水四溢，臭氣熏天，嚴(yán)重污染環(huán)境。廢棄的電池含有金屬汞、鎘等有毒的物質(zhì)，會(huì)對(duì)人類產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的危害；土壤中