英語語法高中英語語法大全-精講教程11

1、文檔供參考，可復(fù)制、編制，期待您的好評與關(guān)注！ 美聯(lián)英語提供：高中英語語法大全-精講教程11關(guān)于英語那些你不知道的事都在這里bbb:/m.metenaaa/test/quwen.aspx?tid=16-73675-0 在feel, find, make, think, consider等動詞后，如果賓語帶有賓語補足語時，人們常常用it作形式賓語，而把真實賓語放在賓語補足語之后。 I found it possible to work out the problem without a computer.我發(fā)現(xiàn)有可能不用計算機而解出這道題目。 She made it a rule to get

2、up at five.她養(yǎng)成了五點起床的習(xí)慣。 I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students.我覺得被邀請在會上面對這么多學(xué)生發(fā)言是一件很光榮的事情。 在表示“希望、打算”等動詞（如hope, expect, intend, mean, want等）的過去式后，可接動詞不定式的完成式來表示沒有實現(xiàn)的動作。 I intended to have called on you, but was prevented from doing so.我原想來拜訪你的，但沒來成。 I

3、expected to have met him here last night.我以為昨天晚上能在這里見到他。（但沒做到） We meant to have stayed there a week.我們原打算在那兒呆一個星期的。 I wanted to have dropped her a line, but forgot to do so.我原想寫一封信給她，但忘記了。提示： 表示“原打算、原以為”還可以用這類動詞的過去完成時來表達。 I had intended to call on you.我原想來拜訪你的。 I had expected to meet him here last n

4、ight.我原以為昨天晚上能在這里見到他的。 We had meant to stay there a week.我們原打算在那兒呆一個星期的。 2作介詞的賓語 不定式可以作介詞but和except的賓語。 The teacher made no comments except to tell him to work hard.老師除了叫他努力學(xué)習(xí)外，未做任何評價。 He had no choice but to sit there as usual. 他沒有什么選擇，只好像往常一樣坐在那兒。 There is nothing we can do but wait patiently. 我們只

5、能耐心等待。 3作形容詞的賓語 不定式作形容詞的賓語有兩種句型，一個是句子的主語是不定式的邏輯主語，另一個是句子的主語是不定式的邏輯賓語。 句子的主語是不定式的邏輯主語。這類形容詞有able, afraid, angry, anxious, careful, clever, content, cruel, determined, disappointed, eager, foolish, fortunate, frightened, happy, impatient, glad, lucky, naughty, prepared, proud, ready, slow, shocked, so

6、rry, surprised, willing等。 I am sorry to say that he is going from bad to worse. 很遺憾，他的情況每況愈下 She was not content to live a quiet life in a small town.她不滿足在一個小鎮(zhèn)里過默默無聞的生活。 John was happy to be given the job.約翰得到這份工作很高興。 句子的主語是不定式的邏輯賓語。這類形容詞有easy, hard, cheap, expensive, dangerous, difficult, funny, fi

7、t, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, simple, strange, useful等。 This problem is easy to solve.這個問題很容易解決。 The water is not fit to drink.這水不適于飲用。 She is hard to get along with.她這個人很難相處。 注意：在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果不定式是不及物動詞，則必須加上結(jié)構(gòu)或含義所需的介詞。 The river is dangerous to swim in.在這條河里游泳很危險。 A spring mattress is comf

8、ortable to sleep on.席夢思床墊睡上去很舒服。 D動詞不定式作賓語補足語 不定式可以在“主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語”句型中充當(dāng)賓語補足語。在這一句型中，賓語是動詞不定式的邏輯主語。 1在表示感覺的動詞后作賓語補足語，并且不定式都不帶to。這類動詞有：see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。 I heard them sing yesterday.昨天我聽見他們唱歌了。 Did you see him go out你看見他出去了嗎？ I felt something crawl up my le

9、g.我感到有什么東西爬到我腿上了。 注意：轉(zhuǎn)為被動語態(tài)時，原不帶to的不定式要變成帶to的不定式。notice和watch沒有被動語態(tài)。 We saw the car stop.n The car was seen to stop.我們看見這輛車停了下來。n 2在使役動詞后作賓語補足語，不定式不帶to。 這類動詞有：make, let, have等。轉(zhuǎn)為被動語態(tài)時，其后通常都用帶to的不定式（have沒有被動語態(tài)）。 有些動詞跟不定式作賓語補足語時省去了to，這些動詞有：一感二聽三讓四觀看。一感：feel 二聽：hear,listen to 三讓：let,have,make 四觀看：obser

10、ve,see,watch.,look at What would you have me do你要我做什么？ She made him give up smoking.她讓他戒了煙。 Let him do whatever he wishes to do.他想干什么就讓他干吧。 Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister. 雖然經(jīng)常是他弄哭小妹妹，但今天他卻被小妹妹弄哭了。 3在表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞后作賓語補足語。這類動詞有：consider, thin

11、k, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove等。這類動詞后的不定式通常是“to be+形容詞或名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，think, consider, find后的to be?？墒÷?。 We consider him (to be) a good teacher.我們認(rèn)為他是一個好老師。 He proved that theory (to be) very important. 他證明那個理論是很重要的。 I thought her (to be) nice and honest the first time I met her.我第

12、一次見到她的時候就認(rèn)為她人很好，很誠實。 4在表示情感狀態(tài)的動詞后作賓語補足語。這類動詞有：love, like, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect等。 I'd prefer you to leave him alone.我希望你不要打擾他。 I don't want there to be any trouble.我不想有任何麻煩。 5動詞advise, allow, ask, beg, command, tell, invite, force, oblige, get, help, encourage, persuade, permit, r

13、emind, request, order, warn, cause等后面，多接不定式短語作賓語補足語。 We don't allow such things to happen again. 我們不容許這種事情再發(fā)生。 Most of the parents agree to forbid their children to smoke.大多數(shù)父母都同意禁止自己的孩子抽煙。 She asked me to answer the phone in her absence.她請我在她不在的時候接電話。 Please remind me to leave her this note.請?zhí)嵝?/p>

14、我留給她這張紙條。 She requested him to go with her.她邀請他一同去。 注意：hope, demand, suggest等動詞后面不能接不定式作賓語補足語。 【誤】I hope you to give me a hand. 【正】I hope you can give me a hand.我希望你能幫我一把。 【正】I wish you to give me a hand.我希望你能幫我一把。 【誤】He demanded me to be present at the meeting. 【正】He demanded that we should be pres

15、ent at the meeting.他要求我們出席會議。 【正】He required us to be present at the meeting.他要求我們出席會議。 【誤】Mr Li suggested her not to go there alone. 【正】Mr Li suggested that she should not go there alone.李先生建議她不要獨自去那里。 6動詞不定式也可作一些短語動詞的賓語補足語。 I'm waiting for James to arrive.我正等著詹姆斯的到來。 He's arranged for a ca

16、r to pick them up at the station.他已安排了一輛汽車去車站接他們。 The UN has called on both sides to observe the ceasefire.聯(lián)合國號召交戰(zhàn)雙方遵守停火協(xié)定。 必背： 這些帶介詞的短語動詞有： call on號召 arrange for 安排ong for盼望 wait for等待 depend on 依靠 rely on 指望E動詞不定式作定語 不定式作定語通常放在其修飾的名詞或代詞之后，和被修飾的名詞或代詞之間是主謂關(guān)系、動賓關(guān)系、同位關(guān)系和修飾關(guān)系。 1主謂關(guān)系 The future to greet

17、 us will be bright.我們的未來會十分美好的。 He is always the first person to come and the last one to leave. 他總是第一個來最后一個離開。 The next train to arrive was from New York.下一列到站的火車是從紐約開來的。 2動賓關(guān)系 On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters to write.星期天，他總是有許多信要寫 The teacher left us a lot of problems to solve.老師給我們留了許多

18、道題要解答。 He can find no one to make friends with.他找不到可交朋友的人。 注意：由于動詞不定式與其修飾的詞之間往往有動賓關(guān)系，因此，如果該不定式是不及物動詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。 She has a child to take care of.她有一個孩子要照看。 There is nothing to worry about. 沒什么可擔(dān)心的。 He has no friend to depend on.他沒有可依靠的朋友。 I've got a lot of things to see to this morning. 今天上午我有許多事

19、情要處理。 3同位關(guān)系 He broke his promise to write to his parents regularly.他沒有遵守諾言定期給他父母親寫信。 We students should have the courage to face any difficulty.我們學(xué)生應(yīng)該有勇氣面對任何困難。 I have no wish to quarrel with you.我不想和你吵架。 4修飾關(guān)系 Now it is time to begin our class.現(xiàn)在是上課的時間了。 I need somewhere to take a nap.我需要一個地方打個盹。 I

20、s that the way to open the can那就是打開罐頭的方法嗎？ F動詞不定式作狀語 不定式作狀語可以表示行為的目的、結(jié)果、原因、條件等。 1表示目的 I'm saving up to buy a computer.我在存錢買電腦。 To save the child, he laid down his life.為了救那個孩子，他獻出了生命。 注意：有時為了強調(diào)或突出這種目的，也可以用in order (not) to do,和so as (not) to do結(jié)構(gòu)（so as to do不可以置于句首）。 He shouted and waved in orde

21、r to be noticed.為了吸引注意，他又嚷嚷又揮手。 I'll write down his telephone number so as not to forget it.我要把他的電話號碼記下來，以防忘記。 2表示結(jié)果 He got to the station only to find the train had gone.他趕到車站，發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。 What have I said to make you so angry我說了什么話使你氣成這樣？ After the meeting, they parted, never to see each other a

22、gain.散會后，他們分手了，從此再也沒有見面。 必背：不定式表示結(jié)果常見于下列句型。 1）so . as to do Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle把你的自行車借給我好嗎？ 2）such . as to do We are not such fools as to believe him.我們還沒蠢到竟會相信他。 3）enough to do He didn't run fast enough to catch the train. 他跑得不夠快,沒趕上火車。 4）only to do He lifted a rock

23、only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石頭砸自己的腳。 5）too . to do His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.她的視力太差了，不能看這么小的字。 注意：too.to.結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞如果是eager, pleased, happy, ready等，動詞不定式不表示結(jié)果，也沒有否定的意思。 The boy was too eager to get a geography book.那個男孩非常急切地想要得到一本地理書。 He is too anxious to know the exami

24、nation results.他很急切地想知道考試結(jié)果。 3表示原因 I was a fool not to listen to you at that time. 我當(dāng)時不聽你的話，真是傻瓜。 She wept to find him in such a difficult situation.看到他處于這么困難的情形，她哭了。 4表示條件 A man would be blind not to see that.一個人如果看不到這點，那他就是瞎子。 How can you catch the train to start so late這么晚才動身，你怎么能趕上火車？第五章 動詞不定式（二

25、）一、動詞不定式的幾種常見結(jié)構(gòu)A不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 動詞不定式的邏輯主語（即不定式動作的執(zhí)行者）通常是句子的主語或賓語。如果不定式的邏輯主語不是句子的主語，此時一般用“for +名詞（代詞）+不定式”來構(gòu)成不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，這種復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可以做主語、賓語、表語、狀語、定語。 This box is too heavy for the little boy to carry. 這個箱子讓這個小男孩來搬太重了。 That's for you to decide.那個由你來決定。 He stood aside for me to pass.他站到一邊讓我通過。 I have some bo

26、oks for you to read.我有幾本書送給你讀。Bbe +不定式結(jié)構(gòu) “be +不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示將來發(fā)生的動作，常有以下兩種情況： 1表示命令和指示 The room is to be locked.這房間要上鎖。 You are not to stand here.你不能站在這里。 2表示計劃或安排 We are to begin the work next month.我們安排下一個月開始這項工作。 What's to be done next下一步該怎么辦？ C疑問詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu) 疑問詞who, what, which, when, where, how, why

27、后加動詞不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語，它在句中可作主語、賓語和表語。 I don't know whether to go to the meeting or not.我不知道要不要去開會。 The problem was how to get rid of the waste thrown by the passengers.問題是如何處理乘客們丟棄的垃圾。 When to visit the Palace Museum has not been decided yet.何時參觀故宮博物院還沒有決定。 Dwithwithout +名詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu) “withwithout +名詞+不定式”結(jié)

28、構(gòu)在句子中通常起狀語的作用。 With so much work to do, I shall not be able to go to the cinema with you.有這么多工作要做，我不能和你去看電影了。 With him to stay in the house, I feel quite safe.有他住在家里，我感到十分安全。 Without anything to eat, he died of hunger.由于沒有東西吃，他餓死了。 EIt is +形容詞+ forofsb + to do結(jié)構(gòu) 在“It is +形容詞+ of sb +不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，形容詞往往表示人

29、物的性格和特征，如kind, silly, good, unwise, clever, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, rude, impolite, bold, thoughtful, honest, bad, sensible, naughty等。在“It is +形容詞+for sb +不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，形容詞通常表示事物的性質(zhì)，如important, possible, impossible, necessary, difficult, hard, reasonable等。 It's kind of you to think so much of us. 難為你這么為我們著想。(= You are kind to think so much of us.) How careless it is of him to break such a valuable vase!他真不小心，把如此貴重的花瓶打破了