非謂語動(dòng)詞用法歸納

1、非謂語動(dòng)詞用法歸納2012年高考對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查將主要集中在如下兩方面：1、非謂語動(dòng)詞的句法功能，即其在句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑?、非謂語動(dòng)詞的一些特殊用法。動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞（包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）可以出現(xiàn)在句子中除謂語以外的任何一個(gè)位置上，充當(dāng)句子的主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等成分，這些動(dòng)詞形式稱為非謂語動(dòng)詞?；居梅?）、不定式 時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done進(jìn)行式to be dong無 2）、動(dòng)名詞 時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式doingbeing done完成式havi

2、ng donehaving been done3）、分詞 時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done否定形式： not +不定式，not + 動(dòng)名詞，not + 現(xiàn)在分詞注：1.動(dòng)詞不定式的一般式:所表示的動(dòng)作常發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后或與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行；動(dòng)詞不定式進(jìn)行式：所表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；動(dòng)詞不定式完成式：所表示的動(dòng)作則在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。2.動(dòng)詞ing的一般式：所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞之前、后或同時(shí)進(jìn)行要看語境；動(dòng)詞ing的完成式：所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生。he came here

3、to borrow a book.                 i pretended to be reading when mother came in.she is said to have been sent to europe on business     being a student, he was interested in books.having don

4、e his homework, he went to bed.          the question being discussed is important.非謂語動(dòng)詞主要的句法功能一覽表： 非謂語動(dòng)詞功能主語賓語表語定語狀語補(bǔ)語不定式動(dòng)名詞極少分詞 1不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語的區(qū)別(1)動(dòng)名詞作主語通常表示抽象動(dòng)作；而不定式作主語表示具體動(dòng)作。smoking is prohibited(禁止)here這里禁止抽煙。(抽象)it is not very good for

5、you to smoke so much你抽這么多煙對(duì)你身體很不好。(具體)(2)動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，通常用以表示一件已知的事或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。不定式短語通常用來表示一件未完成的事或目的。climbing mountains is interesting爬山很有趣。(經(jīng)驗(yàn))driving a car during the rush hour is tiring在高峰時(shí)刻開車令人厭煩。(經(jīng)驗(yàn))(3）不定式做主語，一般用it當(dāng)形式主語，把作主語的不定式短語后置。it took me only five minutes to finish the job.動(dòng)名詞或不定式都可以在句中作主語，但在下列句型中常用動(dòng)名詞

6、作主語。it is / was no use / good + doing sth.it is / was not any use / good + doing sth.it is / was of little use / good + doing sth.it is / was useless doing sth.it is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收。it is of little good staying up too late every day.每天都熬夜沒有什么好處2不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語的區(qū)別英語中大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞既可跟不定式，也可跟動(dòng)名詞作

7、直接賓語，但有些動(dòng)詞要求：(1)不定式做賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語1)下面的動(dòng)詞要求不定式做賓語afford, agree, arrange, choose, decide, hope, expect, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend, seem常跟不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞歌訣：三個(gè)希望兩答應(yīng)，兩個(gè)要求莫拒絕,  設(shè)法學(xué)會(huì)做決定,不要假裝在選擇。hope; wish;  want ;  agree; promise   demand;

8、  ask;  refuse    manage; learn; decidepretend ; choose想要拒絕命令，需要努力學(xué)習(xí),期望同意幫助，希望決定開始。want ; refuse ; order   need; try ; learn   expect ; agree ; help  hope ; wish ; decide ; begin ;start2)下面的動(dòng)詞要求不定式做賓補(bǔ)：動(dòng)詞+賓語+動(dòng)詞不定式ask要求，邀請(qǐng) get請(qǐng)，得到 prompt促使allow允許 forbi

9、d禁止 prefer喜歡，寧愿announce宣布 force強(qiáng)迫 press迫使bride 收買 inspire鼓舞 request請(qǐng)求assist協(xié)助 hate憎惡 pronounce斷定，表示advise勸告 exhort告誡，勉勵(lì) pray請(qǐng)求authorize授權(quán)，委托 help幫助 recommend勸告，推薦bear容忍 implore懇求 remind提醒beg請(qǐng)求 induce引誘 report報(bào)告compel強(qiáng)迫 invite吸引，邀請(qǐng)， summon傳喚command命令 intend想要，企圖 show 顯示drive驅(qū)趕 mean意欲，打算 train訓(xùn)練cause引

10、起 instruct指示 require要求deserve應(yīng)受 leave使，讓 tell告訴direct指導(dǎo) like喜歡 tempt勸誘entitle有資格 order命令 warn告誡enable使能夠 need需要 urge激勵(lì)，力說encourage鼓勵(lì) oblige不得不 want想要condemn指責(zé)，譴責(zé) lead引起，使得 teach教entreat懇求 permit允許 wish希望(2)有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, complete, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, escap