雙通道微機(jī)勵(lì)磁調(diào)節(jié)器的研制

1、雙通道微機(jī)勵(lì)磁調(diào)節(jié)器的研制    雙通道微機(jī)勵(lì)磁調(diào)節(jié)器的研制 The Research and Manufacture of Double-channel Microprocessor-based Excitation Regulators【中文摘要】 勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)是電力系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)重要組成部分，它在調(diào)節(jié)發(fā)電機(jī)機(jī)端電壓、分配電網(wǎng)無功功率和提高電力系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性等方面都起著重要的作用。勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)由勵(lì)磁調(diào)節(jié)器和勵(lì)磁功率單元組成，其中勵(lì)磁調(diào)節(jié)器是勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)的中樞，負(fù)責(zé)實(shí)現(xiàn)勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)的基本控制功能、勵(lì)磁限制和其他輔助功能。隨著發(fā)電機(jī)單機(jī)容量和電網(wǎng)規(guī)模的增大，發(fā)電機(jī)組和電力系統(tǒng)對

2、勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)的快速性、可靠性、多功能性等方面提出了更高要求?，F(xiàn)代勵(lì)磁調(diào)節(jié)器普遍采用微處理器為核心，所以也稱為微機(jī)勵(lì)磁調(diào)節(jié)器，其基本控制過程、勵(lì)磁限制以及輔助功能均通過軟件設(shè)計(jì)來實(shí)現(xiàn)，具有調(diào)節(jié)迅速、精度高、可靠性高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。雙通道勵(lì)磁調(diào)節(jié)器是指在每個(gè)發(fā)電機(jī)配置兩個(gè)微機(jī)勵(lì)磁調(diào)節(jié)器，一個(gè)為主機(jī)，一個(gè)為備機(jī)，兩個(gè)通道之間實(shí)現(xiàn)冗余備份，可以極大提高勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)的可靠性。本項(xiàng)目是在南京南瑞自動(dòng)控制有限公司資助下開展的。勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)的功率單元采用由可控硅組成的三相全控整流電路，可控硅的控制端由勵(lì)磁調(diào)節(jié)器進(jìn)行軟件觸發(fā)，每個(gè)通道的勵(lì)磁調(diào)節(jié)器在硬件上采用數(shù)字信號處理器(DSP)作為勵(lì)磁調(diào)節(jié)器的主控芯片，用可編程控制器(CPLD

3、)完成接口電路的設(shè)計(jì)，同時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)模擬量處理、開入開出量的處理以及脈沖觸發(fā)電路。在軟件上，主控流程采用改進(jìn)型的PID控制方法，同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)各種勵(lì)磁限制和輔助功能。為了協(xié)調(diào)兩個(gè)通道調(diào)節(jié)器之間的工作，確保同一時(shí)刻只有一個(gè)通道調(diào)節(jié)器輸出有效，同時(shí)為了保證兩個(gè)通道切換時(shí)輸出無擾動(dòng)，設(shè)計(jì)了兩個(gè)通道之間的信息交互方式以及脈沖閉鎖、脈沖切換控制電路。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，雙通道勵(lì)磁調(diào)節(jié)器在空載和并網(wǎng)條件下，其調(diào)節(jié)速度、精確度、可靠性和穩(wěn)定性等方面都滿足行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求。【英文摘要】 Excitation system is an important part of power system. It has important

4、 effectto regulate the voltage of synchronous generator, distribute reactive power andimprove the stabilization of power system. Excitation system is made up of regulatorand power units. The regulator, as the core of excitation system, carries out its basiccontrol functions, excitation limits and ot

5、her assistant functions.As a single synchronous generator's electric power becomes higher and thescale of power system becomes bigger, synchronous generator and power system hasmore demand on expeditiousness, reliability and multi function of excitation system.Modern excitation regulator is call

6、ed microprocessor-based regulator because itis used microprocessor as its central control unit. Its' basic control functions,excitation limits and other assistant functions are carried out by software programswhich are run in microprocessor. Microprocessor-based excitor has rapid regulatingspeed

7、, high precision, more reliability and other excellences.What Double-channel microprocessor-based excitation regulators mean that onesynchronous generator has two microprocessor-based regulators, one as the main, theother as the backup. It can improve reliability of excitation system.This research p

8、rogram is supported by Nanjing Nari Automation institute.Three-phasic controllable commutating circuit, which is made up of SiliconControlled Rectifier (SCR), is used in excitation system as power unit. The controlport of SCR is controlled by the microprocessor-based regulator. This paper usesDSP as

9、 the main control chip of the microprocessor-based regulator and CPLD as itsinterface circuits, designs process circuits of analog signals, logical signals andpulse-open circuit. This paper also uses ameliorated PID arithmetic to carry outregulator's basic control functions, excitation limits an

10、d other assistant functions bysoftware programs. In order to harmonize double microprocessor-based regulators'working, ensure only one regulator's output in effect and switch between tworegulators without disturbing outputs, the paper designs communication circuits andpulse closedown and con

11、trol circuits between them.Experiments show that the microprocessor-based excitation regulators meetindustry standards in regulating speed, precision, reliability and stability both on thecondition of generator's open circuit and in load.  【中文關(guān)鍵詞】 勵(lì)磁; 調(diào)節(jié)器; DSP; 可靠性 【英文關(guān)鍵詞】 Excitation; Regul

12、ator; DSP; Reliability 【論文目錄】摘要 4-5 ABSTRACT 5 目錄 6-8 第1章 引言 8-13     1.1 勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)在電力系統(tǒng)中的作用 8     1.2 勵(lì)磁方式的分類 8-10         1.2.1 他勵(lì)半導(dǎo)體勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng) 8-9         1.2.2 自勵(lì)半導(dǎo)體勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng) 9       

13、;  1.2.3 自并勵(lì)半導(dǎo)體勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng) 9-10     1.3 勵(lì)磁調(diào)節(jié)器的發(fā)展概況 10-11         1.3.1 模擬式勵(lì)磁調(diào)節(jié)器 10         1.3.2 微機(jī)(數(shù)字式)勵(lì)磁調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng) 10-11     1.4 國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 11         1.4.1 國內(nèi)研究現(xiàn)狀 11  &

14、#160;      1.4.2 國外研究現(xiàn)狀 11     1.5 雙通道微機(jī)勵(lì)磁調(diào)節(jié)器研制意義 11-12     1.6 本課題的來源、主要研究內(nèi)容以及論文的主要成果 12-13         1.6.1 本課題的來源 12         1.6.2 本課題主要研究內(nèi)容和成果 12-13 第2章 勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)工作原理及總體方案 13-25 &

15、#160;   2.1 勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)的基本控制原理 13-16         2.1.1 勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)對機(jī)端電壓調(diào)節(jié)原理 13-15         2.1.2 勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)對無功功率控制原理 15-16     2.2 勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 16-23         2.2.1 勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)控制方案 16-17    

16、0;    2.2.2 三相橋式可控整流電路原理 17-20         2.2.3 勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)總體方案設(shè)計(jì) 20-23     2.3 勵(lì)磁調(diào)節(jié)器方案設(shè)計(jì) 23-25         2.3.1 單通道微機(jī)勵(lì)磁調(diào)節(jié)器 23-24         2.3.2 雙通道微機(jī)勵(lì)磁調(diào)節(jié)器 24-25 第3章 雙通道微機(jī)勵(lì)磁調(diào)節(jié)器硬件設(shè)

17、計(jì) 25-58     3.1 基于DSP的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 25-30         3.1.1 DSP芯片簡介 25         3.1.2 DSP應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的一般步驟 25-26         3.1.3 DSP芯片的選擇 26-30     3.2 微機(jī)勵(lì)磁調(diào)節(jié)器硬件及規(guī)劃 30-33   

18、0;     3.2.1 微機(jī)勵(lì)磁硬件功能劃分 30-31         3.2.2 勵(lì)磁調(diào)節(jié)器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 31-33     3.3 勵(lì)磁調(diào)節(jié)器電路板硬件設(shè)計(jì) 33-55         3.3.1 交流板(PTCT板) 35-37         3.3.2 主控板(CPU板) 37-48         3.3.3 脈沖板(PULSE板) 48-53         3.3.4 其他電路板的設(shè)計(jì) 53-55     3.4 雙通道微機(jī)勵(lì)磁調(diào)