2019年MBA考研英語(二)真題及答案

1、WORD格式2021年MBA/MPA考研英語二真題及答案Section I Use of English Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest word(s)foreachnumbered blankandmark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weightfluctuations. 1 ,when done too oft

2、en, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generallyhealthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitnessgoals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only

3、of 4 the number onthe scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 mygoals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard workand progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice anysignifica

4、nt changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes willbe observed in skill level,strength and inches lostFor these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighingschedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for meto_ 1

5、1 _ my weighteach week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weightchanges. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.Iusemybimonthlyweigh-in14togetinformationaboutmynutritionas well.Ifmytraining intensity remains the same, butI'm constantly 15 and d

6、ropping weight, this is a 16that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The17tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhas donewondersformyoverallhealth,fitness and well-being. I'm experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carrythe burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I've also experie

7、nced greater success in achieving myspecific fitness goals, 19 I'm training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fitand your overall energy level.1. A Besides B Therefore COtherwise D However2.

8、A helps Bcares Cwarns D reduces3. A initially B solely C occasionally D formally4. A recording B lowering C explaining D accepting5. A modify B set Creview D reach6. A definition B depiction C distribution D prediction7. A due to Bregardless of C aside from D along with8. A orderly B rigid C precise

9、 D immediate9. A claims Bjudgments C reasons D methods10. A instead Bthough Cagain Dindeed 11. A report B share C share D share12. A depend on Bapprove of Chold onto Daccount for13. A prepare Bshare Cshare D share14. A results Bfeatures Crules Dtests 15. A bored Banxious Chungry D sick 16. A princip

10、le Bsecret Cbelief Dsign17. A request Bnecessity Cdecision Dwish18. A disappointing Bsurprising Crestricting Dconsuming1專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式11. A if because Bunless Cuntil Dconsuming12. A obsessing Bdominating Cpuzzling Dtriumphing1-20參考答案：CDAAC ADCBDACBDBCBDADSection II Reading Comprehension Part ADirectio

11、ns:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a littlelater, in conjunction with a childs growing grasp of social

12、and moral norms. Children arenbornknowinghowtosay“I smorryra;ther,theylearnovertimethatsuchstatementsappease parents and friends - and their own consciences. This is why researchers generallyregard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guilts

13、tillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeplyuncomfortable- it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacketweighted with stones. Yetthis understanding is outdated.“There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about whatguiltisand whatroleguiltcan serve,says Amrisha Vaiashp,sychologyresearcherattheUniversityo

14、fVirginia,addingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthatemotionsarent binar-y-feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another.Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Toomuch happiness can be destructive.Andquilt,bypromp

15、tingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,canencouragehumanstomakeupforerrorsand fixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,can helpholdacooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti , a psychology professorat the University of Tor

16、onto ,suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency.In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may representdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharing.SomeKidswhoare lowinsympathymaymake up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein

17、in their nastier impulses.And vice versa : High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2021 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessmentsand the children-osbsseelrfvations,she rated each childs overall sympathy level and his orher tendency to feel negative emotion

18、s after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handedchocolatecoins,andgivenachancetosharethemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feelguilty.Theguilt-proneonessharemore,eventhoughtheyhadnmtagicallybecomemoresympathetic to

19、 the other childs deprivation.“Thats good news,Malti says,“We can be prosocial becausaermweacnaduwsedhfeel regret.13. Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help _. A. regulate a childs basic emotionsB. improve a childs intellectual ability C. foster a childs moral developme

20、ntD. intensify a childsfepeolsinitgivse14. According to Paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be _.2專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式A. deceptiveB. burdensomeC. addictiveD. inexcusable15. Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that _.A. emotions are context-independent B. emotions

21、 are socially constructiveC. emotional stability can benefit health D. an emotion can play opposing roles16. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing _.A. may help correct emotional deficiencies B. can result from either sympathy or guilt C. can bring about emotional satisfactionD. m

22、ay be the outcome of impulsive acts17. The word“transgressions(Line 4, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to _. A. teachingsB. discussionsC. restrictionsD. wrongdoings21-25參考答案：CBDBDText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder callenges in the fight against climatechange. Even as we humans c

23、ount on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide weproduce, we are threatening their ability to do so.The climate change we are hastening couldone day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap-butitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.Hel

24、ping forests flourish as valuable "carbon sinks" long into the future may require reducingtheircapacitytoabsorbcarbonnow.Califormiaisleadingtheway,asitdoesonsomanyclimate efforts, in figuring out the details.The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out you

25、ng treesand clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. Butthe remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive,restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able tofend

26、off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fire,fewer trees are consumed.Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2021,droughtandinsectshavekilledover100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2021alone,andwildfires have burned hundreds of thousan

27、ds of acres.Californiaplans totreat35,000acresofforestayearby2021,and 60,000by2030-financed from the proceeds of the state' s emissions- permit auctions. That's only a small shareof the total acreage that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital toprioritize area

28、s at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthatwouldotherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.Stategovernme

29、ntsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionallythey'vefocusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Onlyrecentlyhavetheycome to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. Califormia's plan, which3專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式is expected to be finalized by the governor

30、next year, should serve as a model.26. By saying“one of the harder challenges ,the author implies that_.A. global climate change may get out of controlB. people may misunderstand global warmingC. extreme weather conditions may arise D. forests may become a potential threat27. To maintain forests as

31、valuable“carbon sinks," we may need to_. A. preserve the diversity of species in themB. accelerate the growth of young treesC. strike a balance among different plantsD. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28. California's Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to_.A. cultivate more drought-r

32、esistant treesB. reduce the density of some of its forests C. find more effective ways to kill insects D. restore its forests quickly after wildfires29. What is essential to California's plan according to Paragraph 5?A. To handle the areas in serious danger first.B. To carry it out before the ye

33、ar of 2021.C. To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.D. To obtain enough financial support.30. The author's attitude to California's plan can best be described as_.A. ambiguousB. tolerantC. supportive D. cautious26-30參考答案：DDBACText 3Americanfarmershavebeencomplainingoflaborshortagesforseve

34、ralyears now.Given a multi-year decline in illegal immigration, and a similarly sustained pickup in the U.S.job market, the complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules forfarm workers.Effortstocreateamorestraightforwardagricultural-workersvisathatwouldenableforeignworker

35、s tostay longerintheU.S.and changejobswithinthe industryhaveso farfailed in Congress. If this doesnt change, American businesses, communities and consumerswill be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workersenter theU.S.,thecharacteristicsoftheagri

36、culturalworkforceare changing.Todayfsarmlaborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled, rather thanmigrating, and more likely to be married than single. They are also aging. At the start of thiscentury, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now,

37、more than half are.And crop picking is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remainsas implausible as it has been all along: Native U.S. workers wont be returning to the faMechanization is not the answer eithernot yet at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice,soybeansand

38、wheathavebeenlargelymechanized,butmanyhigh-value,labor-intensivecrops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots currently do only asmall share of milking, have a long way to go before they are automated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest wor

39、kers using the4專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce. Starting around 2021, requests for thevisas rose sharply; from 2021 to 2021 the number of visas issued more than doubled.TheH-2Avisahasnonumericalcap, unliketheH-2Bvisafornonagriculturalwork,which is limited to 66,0

40、00 annually. Even so, employers frequently complain that they arenallotted all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive and unreliable. Onesurvey found that bureaucratic delays led H-2A workers to arrive on the job an average of 22days late. And the shortage is compounded by feder

41、al immigration raids, which remove someworkers and drive others underground.In a 2021 survey，71 percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly 80 percent of raisin andberrygrowerssaidtheywereshortoflabor.SomewesterngrowershaverespondedbymovingoperationstoMexico.From1998-2000,14.5percentofthefruitAmericans

42、consumedwasimported.Littlemorethanadecadelater,theshareofimportedfruithadincreased to 25.8 percent.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.18. What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?A.Discrimination against foreign workers in the U

43、.S.B.Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.C.Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers. D. Decline of job opportunities in U.S. agriculture.19. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is_.A.the rising number of illegal immigrantsB.the high mobility of crop workers C.the lack o

44、f experienced laborersD.the aging of immigrant farm workers20. What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farming?A. To attract younger laborers to farm work.B. To get native U.S. workers back to farming.C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops.D. To strengthen financial su

45、pport for farmers.21. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its _.A. slow granting procedures B. limit on duration of stay C. tightened requirementsD. control of annual admissions22. Which of the following could be the best title for this text?A. U.S. Agriculture in Decline?B. Impo

46、rt Food or Labor?C. America Saved by Mexico? D. Manpower vs. Automation?31-35參考答案：CDBABText 4Amold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It's easytobeatplastic.They'repartofabunchofcelebritiesstarringinanewvideoforWorldEnvironmentDayencouragingyou,theconsumer,t

47、oswapoutyoursingle-useplasticstaples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include acallforgovernmentstoenact legislationtocurbsingle-useplastics.Buttheoverarching5專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式message is directed at individuals

48、.My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of whatneedstobeachieved.Ontheirown,takingourownbagstothegrocerystore orquittingplasticstraws,forexample,willaccomplishlittleand requireverylittleofus. Theycouldeven be detrimental, satisfying a need to have "done o

49、ur bit" without ever progressing ontobigger, bolder, more effective actionsa kind of "moral licensing" that allays our concernsand stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remainscentered on s

50、hopping bags and straws, we're ignoring the balance of power that implies that as"consumers"wemustshopsustainably,rather thanas "citizens"holdourgovernmentsandindustries to account to push for real systemic change.It'simportanttoacknowledgethattheenvironmentisn'tevery

51、one'spriorityorevenmostpeople's.Weshouldn'texpectittobe.Inherlatestbook,WhyGoodPeopleDoBadEnvironmentalThings,WellesleyCollegeprofessor ElizabethR.DeSombrearguesthatthebest way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change tobe structural.Thismightmeani

52、mplementingpolicysuchasaplastictaxthataddsacosttoenvironmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has justannounceditwill"eliminateallsingle-useplasticinthecountryby2022."Therearealsoincentive-basedwaysofmakingbetterenvironmentalchoiceseasier,suchasensur

53、ingrecycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombreisn'tsayingpeopleshouldstop caringabouttheenvironment.It'sjustthatindividual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach tochanging widespread behavior.Noneofthisisaboutwritingofftheindividual.I

54、t'sjustaboutputtingthingsintoperspective. We don't have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collectiveaction (and rein in polluting businesses), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.36. Some celebrities star in a new video to A. demand new laws on the use of plasti

55、cs B. urge consumers to cut the use of plasticsC. invite public opinion on the plastics crisisD. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis37. The author is concerned that“moral licensingmay A. mislead us into doing worthless things B. prevent us from making further efforts C. weaken our sense of ac

56、complishmentD. suppress our desire for success38. By pointing out ouridentity as“citizens,the author indicates thatA: our focus should be shifted to community welfareB: our relationship with local industries is improvingC: We have been actively exercising our civil rightsD: We should press our gover

57、nment to lead the combat39. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should beA: a win-win arrangement B: a self-driven mechanism C: a cost-effective approachD: a top down process40. The author concludes that individual efforts6專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式A: can be too aggressiveB: can be too incon

58、sistentC: are far from sufficientD: are far from rational36-40參考答案：AACCBPart B Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable headingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).MarkyouranswersontheANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Five ways to make conversation with anyoneIn choosing a new home, Camille McClains kids have a single de