2012屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀能力綜合培養(yǎng)訓(xùn)練集（五十五）

1、2012屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)閱讀能力綜合培養(yǎng)訓(xùn)練集（五十五）AHow to Be a WinnerSir Steven RedgraveWinner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals“In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes(糖尿病)Believing my career(職業(yè)生涯) was over, I felt extremely low. Then one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and compet

2、ing. That was itthe encouragement I needed. I could still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am not saying that it isnt difficult sometimes. But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasnt finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way.”Karen PickeringSwimming World Champion“I swim 4 hours a day, 6 da

3、ys a week. I manage that sort of workload by putting it on top of my diary. This is the key to suceessyou cant follow a career in any field without being wellorganized. List what you believe you can achieve. Trust yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and youll be a st

4、ep closer to achieving them.”Kirsten BestPoet & Writer“When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I cant achieve something. Then，there are other distractions,_such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate. When I feel tense, it helps a lot to repeat words such asca

5、lm，peaceorfocus， either out loud or silently in my mind. It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence. This is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological(心理的) tool.”語(yǔ)篇解讀本文敘述了三位名人在成功的道路上所經(jīng)歷的不同的事情，一是戰(zhàn)勝了病痛，一定克服了精力分散的困難，一是通過(guò)堅(jiān)持不懈努力，最后都取得了勝利。1What do

6、es Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about?A. Difficulties influenced his career.B. Specialists offered him medical advice.C. Training helped him defeat his disease.D. He overcame the shadow of illness to win.解析推理判斷題。第一部分寫(xiě)了Sir Steven得了糖尿病，但最終克服了病痛拿到了金牌，故D項(xiàng)符合題意。答案D2What does Karen Pickering put on top

7、of her diary?A. Her training schedule.B. Her daily happenings.C. Her achievements.D. Her sports career.解析事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第二部分第二句中，it指代前面的句子內(nèi)容，即她的訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃。答案A3What does the underlined word“distractions” probably refer to?A. Ways that help one to focus.B. Words that help one to feel less tense.C. Activities that tu

8、rn ones attention away.D. Habits that make it hard for one to relax.解析猜測(cè)詞義題。從下文“The key is to concentrate.”可以推出是指分散作家注意力的活動(dòng)。答案C4According to the passage，what do the three people have in common?A. Courage.B. Devotion.C. Hard work. D. Selfconfidence.解析事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一部分中“I could still be a winner if I believe

9、d in myself.”，第二部分中“Trust yourself.”及第三部分中“It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence.”都表明自信是他們?nèi)齻€(gè)的共同之處。答案D長(zhǎng)難句解讀Trust yourself，write down your goals for the day，however small they are，and youll be a step closer to achieving them.相信你自己，不論目標(biāo)多小，每天把它們寫(xiě)下來(lái)，這樣你會(huì)向?qū)崿F(xiàn)它們又邁進(jìn)了一步?！捌硎咕鋋nd/or現(xiàn)在將來(lái)時(shí)句

10、子”結(jié)構(gòu)中，祈使句可轉(zhuǎn)換成由if引導(dǎo)的條件句。本句含有兩個(gè)祈使句，第二個(gè)祈使句又含有一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。BPeople diet to look more attractive. Fish diet to avoid being beaten up, thrown out of their social group, and getting eaten as a result. That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientist

11、s.The research team have discovered that subordinate fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors. “In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals, a male and female ，had breeding(繁殖) rights within the group, ”explains Marian Wong. “All other group members

12、 are nonbreeding females, each being 510% smaller than its next largest competitor. We wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation.”The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5 10% of the size of its larger competitor，it causes a

13、 fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the_evicted_fish_is then eaten up.It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish. Whether they did so voluntarily，by restraining how much

14、they ate, was not clear. The research team decided to do an experiment. They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened. To their surprise，the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered，clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights, over having a feast.T

15、he discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group. Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves，so keeping their competitors smal

16、l.While the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious, Dr.Wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understanding how hierarchical (等級(jí)的) societies remain stable.The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far fr

17、om exclusive to humans. “As yet, we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature，” the researchers comment. “Data on human dieting suggests that，while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness, rarely does it improve lon

18、gterm health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females own ideal.”語(yǔ)篇解讀人們節(jié)食是為了更有魅力。令魚(yú)類(lèi)專(zhuān)家們驚奇的是有種魚(yú)也要節(jié)食。實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)它們節(jié)食可不是為了美，而是為了自我保護(hù)。如果身體大小吸引到競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者的注意，會(huì)有被毆打、驅(qū)逐，最后被吃掉的危險(xiǎn)。5When a goby grows to within 510% of the size of its larger competitor, it_.A. faces danger B. has breeding rightsC.

19、 eats its competitor D. leaves the group itself解析推理判斷題。從第三段可得知如果身體大小超過(guò)權(quán)威的規(guī)定范圍，會(huì)有被毆打、驅(qū)逐最后被吃掉的危險(xiǎn)。答案A6The underlined words “the evicted fish” in Paragraph 3 refer to _.A. the fish beaten up B. the fish found outC. the fish fattened up D. the fish driven away解析猜測(cè)詞義題。從本段前文可知，體積超標(biāo)的魚(yú)會(huì)被趕出魚(yú)群。接著說(shuō)到，不僅如此，這些魚(yú)往往會(huì)

20、被吃掉。這些魚(yú)一定是指被驅(qū)逐的魚(yú)。答案D7The experiment showed that the smaller fish_.A. fought over a feast B. went on diet willinglyC. preferred some extra food D. challenged the boss fish解析事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從第四段中的試驗(yàn)可得知這些魚(yú)是自愿節(jié)食。答案B8What is the text mainly about?A. Fish dieting and human dieting.B. Dieting and health.C. Human die

21、ting.D. Fish dieting.解析主旨大意題。文章通篇都是圍繞魚(yú)的節(jié)食來(lái)敘述。故選D。答案DCFind Which Direction Is SouthDo you have a good sense of direction? If not, please take with you a compass. But if you forget to take a compass, you can still find your way.It s never a good idea to imagine that the family member who was entrusted

22、(委托) with the job of mapreading actually knows where the family is. You can tell by the slightly confused look on their faces that nothing on the ground seems to match the map. Never mind. The sun is shining and it s still morning. If you dont know the exact time, you can still find out where south

23、is, but youll need to be patient.Find a straight stick and put it in the ground in a place where you can mark its shadow.Try to position the stick as vertically(垂直) as you can.You can check this by making a simple plumb line (鉛錘線)with a piece of string and weight. You haven t got any string？OK, use

24、a thread from your clothes with a button tied at the end to act as a weight.Mark the end of the shadow cast by the stick.Wait approximately half an hour and mark the end of the shadow again.Keep doing this until you have made several marks.The mark nearest the stick will represent the shortest shado

25、w, which is cast at midday, when the sun is highest in the sky and pointing to the exact south.Pick a point in the distance along the line between the shortest shadow and the stick.That point is south of where you are.Now you can turn the map, like you did before, and find which way you should be tr

26、avelling.語(yǔ)篇解讀你有好的方向感嗎？如果沒(méi)有，那就要帶上指南針。如果沒(méi)帶指南針呢？你仍然可以用其他方法找到方向，本文就是教你如何找到方向的。1To find the direction, we ought to be patient probably because_.A. it is not easy to find a proper stickB. it is not easy to position the stickC. it takes hours to make the marksD. it takes about half an hour to make the mark

27、s解析推理判斷題。依據(jù)文章中的可以看出，做陰影的標(biāo)記最費(fèi)時(shí)間，所以要耐心。答案C2The passage would probably be most helpful to_.A. those who draw mapsB. those who get lostC. those who make compassesD. those who do experiments解析推理判斷題。依據(jù)文章第二段，“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)地圖上的標(biāo)記跟身邊的不一致”，可以知道這是迷路時(shí)的現(xiàn)象，所以答案為B。答案B3Which of the following pictures best shows the way of f

28、inding the direction of south?解析依據(jù)文章中的敘述，可知：離樹(shù)棍最近的那條線代表的陰影最短，證明當(dāng)時(shí)太陽(yáng)在天空最高，指向的就是最南方，對(duì)應(yīng)的正好是A。答案A4The author presents this passage by_.A. telling an interesting storyB. describing an activity in a lively wayC. testing an idea by reasoningD. introducing a practical method解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本文介紹的這種方法切實(shí)可行，所以作者是通過(guò)講述一個(gè)

29、很實(shí)用的方法來(lái)闡述這篇文章的。答案DDPlants cant communicate by moving or making sounds, as most animals do. Instead, plants produce volatile compounds，chemicals that easily change from a liquid to a gas. A flower s sweet smell, for example, comes from volatile compounds that the plant produces to attract insects suc

30、h as bugs and bees.Plants can also detect volatile compounds produced by other plants.A tree under attack by hungry insects, for instance, may give off volatile compounds that let other trees know about the attack. In response, the other trees may send off chemicals to keep the bugs away or even che

31、micals that attract the bugs natural enemies.Now scientists have created a quick way to understand what plants are saying: a chemical sensor(傳感器) called an electronic nose. The “enose” can tell compounds that crop plants make when theyre attacked.Scientists say the enose could help quickly detect wh

32、ether plants are being eaten by insects. But today the only way to detect such insects is to visually inspect individual plants. This is a challenging task for managers of greenhouses ，enclosed gardens that can house thousands of plants.The research team worked with an enose that recognizes volatile

33、 compounds. Inside the device, 13 sensors chemically react with volatile compounds. Based on these interactions, the enose gives off electronic signals that the scientists analyze using computer software.To test the nose, the team presented it with healthy leaves from cucumber, pepper and tomato pla

34、nts, all common greenhouse crops. Then the scientists collected samples of air around damaged leaves from each type of crop. These plants had been damaged by insects, or by scientists who made holes in the leaves with a hole punch (打孔器)The enose, it turns out, could identify healthy cucumber，pepper

35、and tomato plants based on the volatile compounds they produce. It could also identify tomato leaves that had been damaged. But even more impressive, the device could tell which type of damage by insects or with a hole punch had been done to the tomato leaves.With some finetuning，a device like the e

36、nose could one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs, the researchers say. A device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, says Natalia Dudareva, a biochemist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind. who studies smells of flowers and plants. Hopefully, scientists believe, the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future.語(yǔ)篇解讀植物會(huì)說(shuō)話嗎？植物如何“交流”？本文中的科學(xué)家們正在嘗試用enose來(lái)測(cè)試植物受到傷害時(shí)的反應(yīng)。5We learn f