京劇相關(guān)英語介紹Beijing-Opera

1、京劇相關(guān)英語介紹Beijing OperaFour Famous Dan Actors 四大名旦 ；Stage Props in Peking Opera京居U道具Types of Facial Make-up in Beijing Opera京居 U 臉譜Roles in Beijing Opera京劇的角色；Xipi and Erhuang西皮和二簧Wenchang and Wuchang文場和武場；Piao You and Xia Hai票友和下海Longtao and Figurant "龍?zhí)住焙?“跑龍?zhí)住?；Qiba “起霸” ；Liangxiang “亮相”In 192

2、7, an open selection of the top Dan actors, sponsored by the Shuntian Times newspaper, was launched. As a result, Mei Lanfang (1894-1961), Shang Xiaoyun (1900-1976), ChengYanqiu and Xun Huisheng (1900-1968) were the most outstanding in the selection, and were namedthe four most famous Dan actors of

3、Peking Opera at this time, each having his own unique characteristics in regard to action, expression and music. In addition, each had his own special repertoire, and these have been handed down from generation to generation. Eventually, they formed the four main schools of Peking Opera.Later, group

4、s of excellent young actors were active on the opera stages, among whomthe most famous were: Li Shifang, Zhang Junqiu, Mao Shilai and Song Dezhu, selected by the Liyan Newspaper. Each of the four had his own special repertoire, and their wonderful performances were well received by the mass. Eventua

5、lly, they were recognized as the four sub-leading Dan actors of Peking Opera.China entered the modern era amidst turbulence and change in the 20th century. The Revolution of 1911 put an end to the 2,000-year rule of the feudal dynasties. Thus there was a spate of famous actors and actresses and scho

6、ols of Peking Opera in the early decades of this century.二十世紀(jì)20年代年京劇旦行先后成名的四位有代表性的演員：梅蘭芳、尚小云、程硯 秋、荀慧生。四大名旦在藝術(shù)上不斷進(jìn)取，表演、唱腔精益求精，各有獨(dú)門劇目，蔚成流派。四小名旦 繼“四大名旦”以后，二十世紀(jì) 30年代又有一批旦行演員脫穎而出。1940年，北京立言報邀請李世芳、張君秋、毛世來、宋德珠四人合作，在北京新新 大戲院演出兩場白蛇傳，四個人分演自己擅長的一折戲，各展所長，社會影響強(qiáng)烈。從此即被公認(rèn)為四小名旦。As mentioned earlier, specific types o

7、f facial make-up in Beijing Opera are put on the actors' faces to symbolize the personalities, characteristics, and fates of the roles.Usually, red faces have positive meanings, symbolizing brave, faithful, and wise men. Another positive color is purple, which signifies wisdom and bravery.Black

8、faces, for their part, usually have neutral meanings, symbolizing just brave men; however, they can also represent uprightness.Blue and green faces also have neutral meanings that symbolize the hero of the bush, with the former also hinting at strength and intrepidity.Meanwhile, yellow and white fac

9、es have negative meanings that symbolize ferocious, treacherous, and crafty men.Finally, gold and silver faces symbolize mysteriousness, and stand for monsters or gods.京劇臉譜，是具有民族特色的一種特殊的化妝方法。由于每個歷史人物或某一種類型的 人物都有一種大概的譜式，就像唱歌、奏樂都要按照樂譜一樣，所以稱為“臉譜”。關(guān) 于臉譜的來源，一般的說法是來自假面具。京劇臉譜，是根據(jù)某種性格、性情或某種特殊類型的人物為采用某些色彩的。紅

10、色有臉 譜表示忠勇士義烈，如關(guān)羽、妾維、常遇春；黑色的臉譜表示剛烈、正直、勇猛甚至魯 莽，如包拯、張飛、李逵等；黃色的臉譜表示兇狠殘暴，如宇文成都、典韋。藍(lán)色或綠 色的臉譜表示一些粗豪暴躁的人物，如竇爾敦、馬武等；白色的臉譜一般表示奸臣、壞 人，如曹操、趙高等。京劇臉譜的色畫方法，基本上分為三類：揉臉、抹臉、勾臉。臉譜最初的作用，只是夸 大劇中角色的五官部位和面部的紋理，用夸張的手法表現(xiàn)劇中人的性格、心理和生理上 的特征，以此來為整個戲劇的情節(jié)服務(wù)，可是發(fā)展到后來，臉譜由簡到繁、由粗到細(xì)、 由表及里、由淺到深，本身就逐漸成為一種具有民族特色的、以人的面部為表現(xiàn)手段的 圖案藝術(shù)了。Beijing

11、 Opera, also known as "yellow skin" from "Xi Pi" and "Erhuang" two basic tone of its music material, and also to sing tunes in some places small (for example, Liu Zi cavity, blowing cavity) and KunquQupai. It was formed in Beijing, in time before and after 1840, prevale

12、nt in the 20th century three, the 1940s, when a "national drama," said. Now it is still a country with great influenceOperas. It'scomprehensive and mature performance, the momentum of US-hong, is the representative of modern Chinese opera. China Peking Opera is China's"nationa

13、l essence", has 200 years of history. Beijing Opera is seen at thebeginning of 2002-Guangxu (1876) "declaration", the history of skin was yellow, two yellow, yellow cavity, for Beijing, Peking opera, Peking opera, drama, andso the title, the Qing dynasty Qianlong 1966 (1790 ) Emblem f

14、our classes inBeijing, Anhui and Beijing Jutan after the Kunqu opera, Han Ju, Yiyang, Luandan Operas such as the 50's and 60's of the draw, Evolution of a Peking Opera isChina's largest opera Operas. Its repertoire of the rich, as muchas performing artists, many companies, as much as the

15、 audience, the impact of the deep are the highest. Beijing Opera is a comprehensive performing arts. That is, sing (singing), read (read white) and do (performance), fight (martial arts),dance(dance) for the integration, through the program's performance means Syria's stories, characterizati

16、ons figures, the expression "Hi, anger, sorrow, Lok , Panic, fear, grief, "the thoughts and feelings. Role can be divided into: Health (men), Dan (woman), net (men), ugly (men and womenboth) four. Zhongjian of the characters, Beauty and Ugliness of the points, good and evil of the points.

17、The image clear, lifelike. State attaches great importance to the protection ofintangible cultural heritage, May20, 2006, Peking approved by the State Council included in the first batch of state-level intangible cultural heritage.Peking Opera combines music, acrobatic dance, and spectacular costume

18、s to tell stories from Chinese history and folklore. Using abstract, symbolic gestures rich in dramatic meaning, actors represent personages from the heroic, divine, and animal worlds, often in martial exploits. The traditional features of the masklike makeup and elaborate costumes immediately ident

19、ify the characters to a knowing audience.京劇是地地道道的中國國粹，因形成于北京而得名，但它的源頭還要追溯到幾種古老的 地方戲劇。1790年，安徽的四大地方戲班 一一三慶班、四喜班、春公班和春班先后進(jìn)京獻(xiàn)藝， 獲得空前成功。微班常與來自湖北的漢調(diào)藝人合作演出，于是，一種以微調(diào)"二簧”和漢調(diào)“西皮”為主、兼收昆曲、秦腔、梆子等地方戲精華的新劇種誕生了，這就是京劇。在200年的發(fā)展歷程中，京劇在唱詞、念白及字韻上越來越北京化，使用的二胡、京胡等樂器，也融合了多個民族的發(fā)明，終于成為一種成熟的藝術(shù)。將京劇稱作"東方歌劇”是因?yàn)閮蓚€劇種都是集

20、歌唱、舞蹈、音樂、美術(shù)、文學(xué)等于一體 的特殊戲劇形式，在形式上極為類似；同時，在各自不同的文化背景中，它們都獲得了 經(jīng)典性地位。象征性格和命運(yùn)的臉譜在人的臉上涂上某種顏色以象征這個人的性格和品質(zhì)、角色和命運(yùn)、是京劇的一大特點(diǎn)，也是理解劇情的關(guān)鍵。簡單地講，紅臉含有褒義，代表忠勇者; 黑臉為中性，代表猛智者；藍(lán)臉和綠臉也為中性，代表草莽英雄；黃臉和白臉含貶義， 代表兇詐者；金臉和銀臉是神秘，代表神妖。Opera is the quintessence of Chinese out-and-out, due to the formation named in Beijing, but it als

21、o dates back to the source of several age-old local theater. In 1790, Anhui troupe of four places - Sanqing classes, Sixi classes spring classes spring classes publichas performed in Beijing, was a greatsuccess. Micro classes are often associated with transfer from the Han in Hubei Province to perform with artists, therefore, a fine-tuning "Erhuang" andHan-tune "Cipri" mainly integrated opera, Shaanxi Opera, Bangzi show the essence of places such as the birth of the new drama, which is opera. 200 years in the course o