初中現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解(完整版)

1、The Present Perfect tenseWinter has already come，will it still be far in spring ?冬天已經(jīng)來(lái)了，春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎？冬天已經(jīng)來(lái)了，春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎？present(now)futurepastPresent Perfect Tens現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響； I have already had breakfast.（我已吃過(guò)早餐，我不餓了）（我已吃過(guò)早餐，我不餓了）2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)還表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間已經(jīng)開(kāi)始并一直持續(xù)到

2、現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)還表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間已經(jīng)開(kāi)始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連（包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用表示持續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞多是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用表示持續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞多是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 We have lived here for ten years/ since 10years ago.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + have/ has + 過(guò)去分詞（過(guò)去分詞（pp）助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞,無(wú)意義無(wú)意義 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)Winter has already come，will it still be far in spring ?主

3、語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + have/ has + 過(guò)去分詞（過(guò)去分詞（pp）否定形式否定形式 havent ( have not ） +過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 hasnt ( has not ) +過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句 把助動(dòng)詞把助動(dòng)詞 have / has 放在句首放在句首 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)注：主語(yǔ)若是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)助動(dòng)詞用注：主語(yǔ)若是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)助動(dòng)詞用 hasYou have planted all the trees.I have planted all the trees.He/she has planted all the trees.They have planted all

4、the trees. 區(qū)別區(qū)別have 和和 has的用法的用法 主語(yǔ)若是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)助動(dòng)詞用主語(yǔ)若是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)助動(dòng)詞用 has1、regular verbs 規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化（過(guò)去分詞與過(guò)去時(shí)變化規(guī)則一樣）（過(guò)去分詞與過(guò)去時(shí)變化規(guī)則一樣）(1)、一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加、一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked visit-visited-visited (2)、以、以“ e ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只在詞尾加結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只在詞尾加“ d ”。 live-lived 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞(3)、以、以“輔音字母輔音字母 + y ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將 “y” 變?yōu)?/p>

5、變?yōu)?“i”， 再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied crycried-cried(4)、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫(xiě)該輔音、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母，再加字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped drop-dropped-dropped 2、irregular verbs不規(guī)則變化（不規(guī)則變化（A-B-B）havehadhad spend spentspent makemademade saysaidsaid findfoundfound hearheardheard 3、不規(guī)則變化（、不規(guī)則變

6、化（A-B-C）taketooktaken speak spokespoken singsangsung drivedrovedriven bewas/werebeen gowentgone 4、不規(guī)則變化（、不規(guī)則變化（A-A-A）cutcutcutput putput letletletreadreadread 5 不規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化 (A-B-A) come came come become became become 1) 表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成的動(dòng)作。表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成的動(dòng)作。Now we have planted all the trees.He has

7、just come back. They have built many buildings in this city. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法用法2) 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響。強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響。Someone has broken the window. (窗戶(hù)現(xiàn)在是壞的窗戶(hù)現(xiàn)在是壞的)I have already lost the key. (我現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有鑰匙我現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有鑰匙)I havent read that book yet . (不了解書(shū)的內(nèi)容不了解書(shū)的內(nèi)容)I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干凈的手是干

8、凈的)常與常與already(已經(jīng)已經(jīng)), yet(已經(jīng)已經(jīng)), just(剛剛剛剛),ever(曾曾經(jīng)經(jīng)),never,for+時(shí)間段，時(shí)間段，since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)等詞或短語(yǔ)連時(shí)間點(diǎn)等詞或短語(yǔ)連用用. already: 常用于肯定句中常用于肯定句中. yet: 常用于否定句常用于否定句,疑問(wèn)句尾疑問(wèn)句尾. 3) 表示從過(guò)去開(kāi)始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與表示從過(guò)去開(kāi)始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing sinc

9、e 5 years ago.since: (自自以來(lái)以來(lái))1)since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn)He has stayed here since 5 oclock.2)since+ 時(shí)間段時(shí)間段+ agoHe has stayed here since 5 hours ago.3)since+ 從句從句She has taught English since he came here. for: (長(zhǎng)達(dá)）長(zhǎng)達(dá)）for+ 時(shí)間段時(shí)間段He has kept the book for 2 weeks.since , for 的用法的用法: Take notes 用for 或since填空1.Mr. Brow

10、n has had his TV _ 15 years. 2. Ive taken driving lessons _last month. 3. My sister has had her cell phone _a month . 4. My friends havent visited me _few days ago. 5. We havent used our car _ a long time . 6. She hasnt had a good cup of coffee _years. 7. Tom has worn glasses _he was 7 years old. fo

11、r since forsinceforforsince注：并非所有注：并非所有for作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 搞清一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別搞清一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別I worked here for more than twenty years.(我現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這里工作了我現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這里工作了)I have worked here for more than twenty years.（現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作）（現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作）辨析 have been to和 have gone toMy father has gone to Shangha

12、i for a meeting.他（已經(jīng)）去了上海。My father has been to Shanghai for a meeting.他（曾經(jīng)）去了上海。 She has been to China . 她（曾經(jīng)）去過(guò)中國(guó)。（人已經(jīng)回來(lái)了）have been to someplace. 曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地，已經(jīng)回來(lái)曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地，已經(jīng)回來(lái)has gone to someplace.某人去了某地，還沒(méi)有回來(lái)某人去了某地，還沒(méi)有回來(lái) She has gone to China.她去了上海 。（人可能回來(lái)了也可能沒(méi)回來(lái)）用用have/has been to, have/has gone to填空填空

13、：1.Where is your brother? He _ the shop. Hell be back soon.2. _ you ever _ to America? Yes, I _ New York twice.3. Here you are at last! Where _ you _? I _ London.4. David _Australia. Im sure hes already arrived.5. Is Benny here? No, he _ the school library. He left five minutes ago.has gone to Have

14、been tohave been tohave beenhave been to has gone tohas gone to 1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week. 2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet. 3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office. 5. I _ (work) here s

15、ince I _ (move) here in 1999. 6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here. 7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks. 8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 12. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. Ive lost my pen. _ yo